scholarly journals Extraction and Back-Extraction Behaviors of La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), and Nd(III) Single Rare Earth and Mixed Rare Earth by TODGA

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8316
Author(s):  
Lina Qiu ◽  
Jiandi Li ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Aijun Gong ◽  
Xiaotao Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration ◽  
Back Extraction ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Acid Type

N,N,N′,N′-Tetraoctyl diglycolamide (TODGA), as a new extraction agent, is effective for its excellent performance and low environmental hazard, and it is very welcome for the rare earth separation process. In this paper, by controlling the extraction time, diluent type, acid type and its concentration, rare earth concentration, etc., the optimum extraction and back-extraction effects of TODGA on La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), and Nd(III) and mixed rare earths were obtained. The experiment showed that 0.10 mol·L−1 TODGA had the best extraction effect on single rare earth under the conditions of using petroleum ether as diluent, 5 mol·L−1 nitric acid, 20 min extraction time, and 0.01 mol·L−1 rare earth. In the mixed rare earth extraction, the percentage concentrations of La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), and Nd(III) could be achieved from 21.7%, 19.9%, 30.8%, and 22.2% at the initial stage to 90.5%, 37%, 51%, and 62% after extraction, respectively, by controlling the number of back-extraction cycles and the concentrations of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid in the back-extraction system. The TODGA–rare earth carrier system showed the best back-extraction effect when the hydrochloric acid concentration was 1 mol·L−1 and the back-extraction time was 20 min. At the same time, the mixed rare earth liquid system with low initial concentration was selected for extraction and separation of mixed rare earth. The separation effect was better, and the recovery rate was higher than that of mixed rare earth liquid system with a high initial concentration.

scholarly journals Extraction of Sm(III)and Nd(III) with N,N,N’,N’-tetrabutyl-3-oxy-diglycolamidefrom hydrochloric acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Yang ◽  
Y. Cui ◽  
G.X. Sun ◽  
Y. Nie ◽  
G.M. Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration ◽  
Extractant Concentration ◽  
Extraction Mechanism ◽  
Extraction Behavior ◽  
Loaded Organic Phase

The extraction behavior of Sm(III) and Nd(III) with N,N,N?,N?-tetrabutyl-3-oxa-diglycolamide (TBDGA) in 70% kerosene-30% n-octanol from hydrochloride acid wasstudied. The effect of hydrochloric acid concentration, extractant concentration,and temperature on the distribution of rare earth elementswas investigated. The extraction mechanism was established and the stoichiometry of the main extracted species was confirm to be SmCl3?2TBDGA and NdCl3?2TBDGA for Sm(III) and Nd(III), respectively. The extraction distribution ratio decreases with an increase in temperature, which demonstrates that the extraction reaction is exothermic. The IR spectra of the loaded organic phase and free extractant were recorded and discussed.

scholarly journals A Study on the Leaching of Rare Earth Elements from Waste Phosphor Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 459-468
Author(s):  
Gee Hun Lee ◽  
Chang Kwon Kim ◽  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Young Jun Song
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Nitric Acid Solution ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Phosphor Powder ◽  
Leaching Reaction

This study was carried out to obtain data to design a process to recover rare earth elements, specifically Y(Yttrium), La(Lanthanum), Ce(Cerium), Eu(Europium), Tb(Terbium) from waste phosphor powder. For this purpose, we investigated the effect of temperature, concentration, time and acids on leaching of the rare earth elements. The effect of roasting temperature, roasting time, roasting agent and its dosage on the leaching of rare earth elements were also investigated. 92% of the Yttrium, 70% of the Europium and 8% of the Cerium contained in the waste phosphor powder was leached at the condition of 50 oC and 0.3N HCl solution for 3hours. However, Terbium and Lanthanum were never leached at this condition. The leaching ratio increased to 100% of Yttrium and Europium, 98% of Cerium, 92% of Terbium and 89% of Lanthanum by leaching after soda ash roasting. In the leaching experiment with unroasted phosphor at 80 oC, the initial leaching reaction rate of Yttrium was 0.035 mol/L·s in 0.3N sulfuric acid solution, 0.033 mol/L·s in nitric acid solution and 0.028 mol/L·s in 0.3N hydrochloric acid solution. And the initial leaching reaction rate of Europium was 0.0017 mol/L·s in 0.3N sulfuric acid solution, 0.00114 mol/L·s in nitric acid solution and 0.00113 mol/L·s in 0.3N hydrochloric acid solution. For Cerium, the initial leaching reaction rate was 0.00019 mol/L·s in 0.3N sulfuric acid solution, 0.00025 mol/L·s in nitric acid solution and 0.00014 mol/L·s in 0.3N hydrochloric acid solution.

scholarly journals Studi Pemisahan Thorium dari Besi dan Logam Tanah Jarang dalam Larutan Asam Nitrat dengan Ekstraksi Pelarut Menggunakan Ekstraktan Trioctylphosphine Oxide

EKSPLORIUM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Briliant Briliant ◽  
Mohammad Zaki Mubarok ◽  
Kurnia Trinopiawan ◽  
Riesna Prassanti
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Nitric Acid Concentration ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Trioctylphosphine Oxide ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy

AbstrakSerangkaian percobaan ekstraksi pelarut untuk memisahkan thorium dari besi (Fe) dan logam tanah jarang (LTJ) menggunakan trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi asam nitrat, waktu ekstraksi, nisbah ekstraktan terhadap diluen (g/mL), dan variasi nisbah volume larutan organik terhadap volume larutan aqueous (O/A) serta variasi konsentrasi asam pada proses stripping. Konsentrasi awal thorium, besi, dan LTJ dalam larutan umpan diukur masing-masing dengan Inductively Coupling Plasma (ICP), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), dan Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy (Spektro UV-VIS). Konsentrasi asam nitrat divariasikan pada 1M, 2M, 3M, 4M, dan 5M. Waktu ekstraksi divariasikan pada 2, 5, 10, 15, dan 20 menit, sementara nisbah ekstraktan terhadap diluen (g/mL) divariasikan pada 2:100, 3:100, 4:100, 5:100, dan 6:100 dengan variasi nisbah O/A yaitu 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, dan 3:1. Pada tahap stripping dilakukan variasi konsentrasi asam nitrat pada 0,1 M; 0,2 M; 0,3 M; 0,4 M; dan 0,5 M. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan kondisi terbaik dicapai pada konsentrasi asam nitrat 3M, waktu ekstraksi 10 menit, nisbah ekstraktan terhadap diluen sebesar 5:100 (g/mL), dan nisbah O/A sebesar 1:1 sehingga didapatkan persen ekstraksi Th sebesar 97,26%, Fe sebesar 7,97%, dan LTJ sebesar 62,15% dengan nilai βTh-Fedan βTh-LTJ masing-masing sebesar 273,62 dan 14,43. Pada percobaan stripping didapatkan persen stripping Th tertinggi sebesar 51,37% pada konsentrasi asam nitrat 0,3M dengan persen stripping Fe dan LTJ masing-masing sebesar 2,72% dan 2,55%. AbstractA series of solvent extraction experiment to separate thorium(Th) from iron (Fe) and rare earth metals (REE) using trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) conducted with variations of nitric acid concentration, extraction time, ratio between exctractan and diluent (g/mL), and ratio between organic solution and aqueous solution volumes (O/A), and variation of nictric acid concentration in stripping process. Thorium, iron and rare earth metals early concentration in solution feed were measured by using Inductively Coupling Plasma (ICP), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), dan Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy (UV-VIS Spectro) respectively. The nitric acid concentration was varied at 1M, 2M, 3M, 4M, and 5M. The extraction time was varied at 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes, meanwhile the ratio between extractan and diluent (g/mL) was varied at 2:100, 3:100, 4:100, 5:100, and 6:100 with O/A ratio at 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1. At stripping stage, the nitric acid concentration was varied at 0.1M; 0.2M; 0.3M; 0.4M; and 0.5M. The result of the experiments show that the best condition was obtained on 3M nitric acid concentration, 10 minutes extraction time, 5:100 (g/mL) extractan and diluent ratio, and 1:1 O/A ratio, that resulted in 97.26% Th extraction, 7.97% Fe extraction, and 62.15% rare earth metals extraction with βTh-Fe and βTh-REE value 273.62 and 14.43 respectively. On the stripping experiment, the highest Th stripping percentage obtained as much as 51.37% at 0.3M nitric acid concentration with Fe and REE stripping percentage up to 2.72% and 2.55% respectively. 

scholarly journals PURIFICATION FEATURES OF CARBON NANOTUBES FROM IMPURITIES AFTER THEIR SYNTHESIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Lyudmila V. Tabulina ◽  
Tamara G. Rusalskaya ◽  
Boris G. Shulitsky ◽  
Ivan V. Komissarov ◽  
Yuri P. Shaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
The State ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration ◽  
Cvd Method ◽  
Multi Stage

The influence of multi-stage liquid-phase chemical treatment of carbon nanotubes obtained CVD method on the quantitative and qualitative composition of their array was studied, as well as the state of their structures for the selection of optimal conditions for cleaning this material from impurities. The synthesis of carbon nanotubes was carried out using a catalyst based on iron oxides and molybdenum deposited on finely dispersed alumina and methane as a carbon reagent. The act of chemical reagents on the degree of purification and the state of the structure of the walls of carbon nanotubes was studied at all stages of the multistage chemical treatment of the obtained material. The complete purification cycle of synthesized carbon nanotubes from associated impurities included treatments with concentrated aqueous solutions of such chemicals as hydrochloric acid (concentration 11.5 M), hydrogen peroxide (concentration 8.8 M), nitric acid (concentration 15 M). Changes in the qualitative and quantitative compositions, structural characteristics of materials, obtained in stages in the multi-stage method used to clean carbon nanotubes from impurities, have been studied by means of physicochemical methods such as X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It has been established that for efficient cleaning of carbon nanotubes, which are small-walled nanotubes, it is necessary to carry out sequential treatment of raw material with solutions of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide. A positive effect on the cleaning quality of the small-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by the CVD method is provided by finishing with a solution of nitric acid. In this case, it is necessary to optimize the duration of the preliminary stage using a hydrogen peroxide solution to prevent the destructive action of nitric acid on the structure of carbon nanotubes.Forcitation:Tabulina L.V., Rusalskaya T.G., Shulitsky B.G., Shaman Y.P., Komissarov I.V., Carosa A.G. Purification features of carbon nanotubes from impurities after their synthesis. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 6. P. 89-94.

scholarly journals Optimization of furfural extraction from Theobrama cacao wastes using response surface methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 06010
Author(s):  
John Rhen Uy ◽  
Neil Dominic Careo ◽  
Dominick Llarena ◽  
John Raymond Barajas
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Development Program ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration ◽  
Optimum Conditions

Cacao farming in the Philippines is continually expanding due to an influx of government support and funding. Although a comprehensive development program was implemented, the large volume of cacao biomass waste generated annually remains underutilized. In an attempt to provide a means of reusing this waste, we test the extent to which furfural can be extracted from cacao pod wastes. A box-behnken experimental design was used to obtain the optimal conditions in the acid-catalyzed extraction of crude furfural. Extraction time (min), hydrochloric acid concentration (M), and amount of sodium chloride (g) were found to have a significant influence on the extraction yield of crude furfural. Actual values of these independent variables were chosen on the basis of preliminary experimental results. Optimum conditions using ridge analysis were found to be: extraction time 35.0 min, hydrochloric acid concentration 5.0 M, and amount of sodium chloride 7.0 g. Furfural extraction was also performed at optimum conditions to assess the validity of the empirical model. In conclusion, the high furfural extraction yield obtained in our experiments presents an opportunity to harness these unregulated wastes in producing high quality products.

Extraction of iron, cobalt, nickel and copper with dibenzyl sulfoxide solution in toluene

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 2024-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Vláčil ◽  
Huynh Dang Khanh
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Iron Cobalt ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Factor Α

The dependence of the distribution ratio of the metal on the concentration of hydrochloric of nitric acid was examined for Fe, Co, Ni and Cu extraction with 0.05M solution of dibenzylsulfoxide in toluene. Iron is extracted considerably more than the other metals, and is better extracted from hydrochloric acid than from nitric acid. The separation factor αFe/M (for 8M-HCl) is of the order of 104; this is not sufficient for a separation of trace quantities of iron from Co, Ni and Cu, but even at lower concentrations of HCl (e.g., 5M) the values is high enough for extraction chromatographic separation. The composition of the iron solvate extracted from HCl or LiCl medium was determined to be HFeCl4.2 B (B = dibenzyl sulfoxide).

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