Advancements in Non-Invasive Biological Surface Sampling and Emerging Applications

Biological surfaces such as skin and ocular surface provide a plethora of information about the underlying biological activity of living organisms. However, they pose unique problems arising from their innate complexity, constant exposure of the surface to the surrounding elements, and the general requirement of any sampling method to be as minimally invasive as possible. Therefore, it is challenging but also rewarding to develop novel analytical tools that are suitable for in vivo and in situ sampling from biological surfaces. In this context, wearable extraction devices including passive samplers, extractive patches, and different microextraction technologies come forward as versatile, low-invasive, fast, and reliable sampling and sample preparation tools that are applicable for in vivo and in situ sampling. This review aims to address recent developments in non-invasive in vivo and in situ sampling methods from biological surfaces that introduce new ways and improve upon existing ones. Directions for the development of future technology and potential areas of applications such as clinical, bioanalytical, and doping analyses will also be discussed. These advancements include various types of passive samplers, hydrogels, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) patches/microarrays, and other wearable extraction devices used mainly in skin sampling, among other novel techniques developed for ocular surface and oral tissue/fluid sampling.

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Hemodynamic forces can be accurately measured in vivo with optical tweezers

10.1101/150367 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Sébastien Harlepp ◽

Fabrice Thalmann ◽

Gautier Follain ◽

Jacky G. Goetz

Keyword(s):

Optical Tweezers ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Accurate Determination ◽

Force Measurements ◽

Hemodynamic Forces ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Drag Forces ◽

Measured Flow ◽

Living Organisms

AbstractForce sensing and generation at the tissular and cellular scale is central to many biological events. There is a growing interest in modern cell biology for methods enabling force measurements in vivo. Optical trapping allows non-invasive probing of pico-Newton forces and thus emerged as a promising mean for assessing biomechanics in vivo. Nevertheless, the main obstacles rely in the accurate determination of the trap stiffness in heterogeneous living organisms, at any position where the trap is used. A proper calibration of the trap stiffness is thus required for performing accurate and reliable force measurements in vivo. Here, we introduce a method that overcomes these difficulties by accurately measuring hemodynamic profiles in order to calibrate the trap stiffness. Doing so, and using numerical methods to assess the accuracy of the experimental data, we measured flow profiles and drag forces imposed to trapped red blood cells of living zebrafish embryos. Using treatments enabling blood flow tuning, we demonstrated that such method is powerful in measuring hemodynamic forces in vivo with accuracy and confidence. Altogether, this study demonstrates the power of optical tweezing in measuring low range hemodynamic forces in vivo and offers an unprecedented tool in both cell and developmental biology.

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Glycan Labeling and Analysis in Cells and In Vivo

Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1146/annurev-anchem-091620-091314 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 363-387

Author(s):

Bo Cheng ◽

Qi Tang ◽

Che Zhang ◽

Xing Chen

Keyword(s):

Chemical Modification ◽

Biological Function ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Affinity Tags ◽

Functional Roles ◽

Antibody Conjugates ◽

Living Organisms ◽

In Cells

As one of the major types of biomacromolecules in the cell, glycans play essential functional roles in various biological processes. Compared with proteins and nucleic acids, the analysis of glycans in situ has been more challenging. Herein we review recent advances in the development of methods and strategies for labeling, imaging, and profiling of glycans in cells and in vivo. Cellular glycans can be labeled by affinity-based probes, including lectin and antibody conjugates, direct chemical modification, metabolic glycan labeling, and chemoenzymatic labeling. These methods have been applied to label glycans with fluorophores, which enables the visualization and tracking of glycans in cells, tissues, and living organisms. Alternatively, labeling glycans with affinity tags has enabled the enrichment of glycoproteins for glycoproteomic profiling. Built on the glycan labeling methods, strategies enabling cell-selective and tissue-specific glycan labeling and protein-specific glycan imaging have been developed. With these methods and strategies, researchers are now better poised than ever to dissect the biological function of glycans in physiological or pathological contexts.

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Ultrasound imaging of apoptosis: high-resolution non-invasive monitoring of programmed cell death in vitro, in situ and in vivo

British Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1038/sj.bjc.6690724 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 520-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 141

Author(s):

G J Czarnota ◽

M C Kolios ◽

J Abraham ◽

M Portnoy ◽

F P Ottensmeyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

High Resolution ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Ultrasound Imaging ◽

Invasive Monitoring ◽

Non Invasive

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Organic semiconducting nanoprobe with redox-activatable NIR-II fluorescence forin vivoreal-time monitoring of drug toxicity

Chemical Communications ◽

10.1039/c8cc08413k ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 27-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Yufu Tang ◽

Yuanyuan Li ◽

Zhen Wang ◽

Feng Pei ◽

Xiaoming Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Real Time ◽

Drug Toxicity ◽

Drug Dose ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Dose Dependent

A nitric-oxide-activatable organic semiconducting nanoprobe was developed forin vivo,in situ, real-time and non-invasive NIR-II fluorescence monitoring of drug-dose-dependent hepatotoxicity.

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Measurements of clinically significant doses of ionizing radiation using non-invasive in vivo EPR spectroscopy of teeth in situ

Applied Radiation and Isotopes ◽

10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.08.016 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 293-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Harold M. Swartz ◽

Akinori Iwasaki ◽

Tadeusz Walczak ◽

Eugene Demidenko ◽

Ildar Salikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Epr Spectroscopy ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

In Vivo Epr

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In vivo measurement of pH and CO2 levels in the uterus of sows through the estrous cycle and after insemination

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82620-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Octavio López-Albors ◽

Pedro José Llamas-López ◽

Joaquín Ángel Ortuño ◽

Rafael Latorre ◽

Francisco Alberto García-Vázquez

Keyword(s):

Estrous Cycle ◽

Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽

Reproductive Technologies ◽

Invasive Approach ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Physiological Values

AbstractThe pH–CO2–HCO3− system is a ubiquitous biological regulator with important functional implications for reproduction. Knowledge of the physiological values of its components is relevant for reproductive biology and the optimization of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs). However, in situ measurements of these parameters in the uterus are scarce or null. This study describes a non-invasive method for in situ time-lapse recording of pH and CO2 within the uterus of non-anesthetized sows. Animals were at three different reproductive conditions, estrous with no insemination and two hours after insemination, and diestrous. From pH and CO2 data, HCO3− concentration was estimated. The non-invasive approach to the porcine uterus with novel optical probes allowed the obtaining of in situ physiological values of pH, CO2, and HCO3−. Variable oscillatory patterns of pH, CO2 and HCO3− were found independently of the estrous condition. Insemination did not immediately change the levels of uterine pH, CO2 (%) and HCO3− concentration, but all the values were affected by the estrous cycle decreasing significantly at diestrous condition. This study contributes to a better understanding of the in vivo regulation of the pH-CO2-HCO3− system in the uterus and may help to optimize the protocols of sperm treatment for in vitro fertilization.

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Confocal microscopy in ocular surface disease

Ophthalmology journal ◽

10.17816/ov1023-30 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

Vitaly V Potemkin ◽

Tatyana S Varganova ◽

Elena V Ageeva

Keyword(s):

Confocal Microscopy ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Disease Monitoring ◽

Efficacy Evaluation ◽

Clinical Method ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Mode A

Confocal microscopy is a modern clinical method, which provides in real-time mode a non-invasive possibility for in vivo imaging of the cornea, limbus, and conjunctiva. In several ocular surface disorders, this method could be applied for diagnostic purposes, as well as for disease monitoring and treatment efficacy evaluation. In present article, we discuss main changes observed by confocal microscopy in patients with dry eye, and propose our examination algorithm of ocular surface investigation in dry eye disease.

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In vivo measurement of pH, CO2 and HCO3- levels in the uterus of non-anesthetized sows through the estrous cycle and after insemination

10.21203/rs.3.rs-47835/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Octavio López Albors ◽

Pedro José Llamas-López ◽

Joaquín Ortuño ◽

Rafael Latorre ◽

Francisco Alberto García Vázquez

Keyword(s):

Estrous Cycle ◽

Time Lapse ◽

Invasive Approach ◽

In Vivo Measurement ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Reproductive Techniques ◽

Physiological Values

Abstract Background The pH-CO2-HCO3− system is a ubiquitous biological regulator with important functional implications for reproduction. Knowledge of the physiological values of its components is relevant for reproductive biology and the optimization of Assistant Reproductive Techniques (ARTs). In vivo pH of the oviduct and uterus has been estimated by direct in situ measurements in a few species. However, regarding the levels of CO2 and HCO3−, information is very scarce and, when available, it comes from fluid samples instead of in vivo estimations. This study describes a non-invasive method to measure pH and % of CO2 in the uterus of sows with cutting-edge technology and no medication. Sows were at three different reproductive conditions, estrous with no insemination E(-)AI and after insemination E(+)AI, and diestrous (non-estrous, NE). From pH and CO2 data, HCO3− concentration was estimated. Results The designed methodology allowed for in situ time-lapse recording of pH and % of CO2 within the uterus of non-anesthetized sows. Variable oscillatory patterns of pH, CO2 and HCO3− were found independently of the estrous condition. Insemination did not changed the levels of uterine pH, % of CO2 and HCO3− concentration, -E(-)AI = E(+)AI-, but all the values were affected by the estrous cycle in a way that decreased significantly at diestrous condition - E(-)AI and E(+)AI > NE-. Conclusions A non-invasive approach to the porcine uterus with novel optical probes allowed the obtaining of in situ physiological values of pH, CO2, and HCO3− at different reproductive conditions. While the short-time presence of sperm in the uterus did not change the physiological milieu, the whole pH-CO2-HCO3− system was affected by the estrous cycle. This study contributes to a better understanding of the in vivo regulation of the pH/CO2/HCO3− system in the uterus and may help to optimize the protocols of sperm treatment for in vitro fertilization.

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Optimization of Optical Trapping and Laser Interferometry in Biological Cells

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10144970 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 4970

Author(s):

Yujiro Sugino ◽

Masahiro Ikenaga ◽

Daisuke Mizuno

Keyword(s):

Optical Trapping ◽

Laser Interferometry ◽

Living Cells ◽

Colloidal Probe ◽

Non Invasive ◽

In Situ Calibration ◽

The Stability ◽

Sample Heterogeneity

Optical trapping and laser interferometry enable the non-invasive manipulation of colloids, which can be used to investigate the microscopic mechanics of surrounding media or bound macromolecules. For efficient trapping and precise tracking, the sample media must ideally be homogeneous and quiescent whereas such conditions are usually not satisfied in vivo in living cells. In order to investigate mechanics of the living-cell interior, we introduced (1) the in-situ calibration of optical trapping and laser interferometry, and (2) 3-D feedback control of a sample stage to stably track a colloidal particle. Investigating systematic errors that appear owing to sample heterogeneity and focal offsets of a trapping laser relative to the colloidal probe, we provide several important caveats for conducting precise optical micromanipulation in living cells. On the basis of this study, we further improved the performance of the techniques to be used in cells, by optimizing the position sensitivity of laser interferometry and the stability of the feedback simultaneously.

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