scholarly journals Migrants’ Sexual Violence in the Mediterranean Region: A Regional Analysis

Sexes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-314
Author(s):  
Demetris Hadjicharalambous ◽  
Stavros Parlalis
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Promote Gender Equality ◽  
The Mediterranean

Migration in the Mediterranean region has increased greatly during the last years. Reports and studies reveal that violence and injuries among refugees and migrants is a common occurrence in the WHO Europe Region. Available literature indicates that sexual violence incidents take place: (a) during the migratory journey to the host country, (b) while in detention centers, (c) once migrants have reached their destination, and (d) during the period in which a woman is subject of trafficking. This manuscript explores how sexual violence against refugee/immigrant women is presented in the international literature; a narrative review of the literature was conducted on the phenomenon of migration in the Mediterranean area, and specifically on sexual violence of migrant women. In order to face the challenges faced by migrant women victims of sexual violence, the following policies are suggested by international literature: (a) offer emergency medical and health care to sexual violence survivors, which is usually relatively limited, (b) offer mental health care and psychological support for sexual violence when planning services to provide clinical care, and (c) work towards the aim of transforming norms and values in order to promote gender equality and support non-violent behaviours.

scholarly journals Special Issue “Focus on the Salinization Issue in the Mediterranean Area”

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Micòl Mastrocicco
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Mediterranean

Throughout the Mediterranean Region, recent and past studies have highlighted an increase in temperature, especially during summer, a decrease in precipitation and a change in the in-year precipitation pattern [...]

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance and Control in the Mediterranean Region: report of the ARMed Consensus Conference

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (09) ◽  
pp. 654-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Borg ◽  
Barry D. Cookson ◽  
Peter Zarb ◽  
Elizabeth A. Scicluna ◽  
ARMed Steering Group & Collaborators *
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
And Control

Antimicrobial resistance has become a global threat to effective health care delivery. This is particularly the case within the Mediterranean region, where data from recent studies suggests the situation to be particularly acute. A better knowledge base, as well as a collaborative effort, is therefore required to address this ever increasing challenge to effective patient care. Over its four-year period, the Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance and Control in the Mediterranean Region (ARMed) project investigated the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance, as well as its contributory factors, in a number of countries in the southern and eastern Mediterranean region through the collection of comparable and validated data. The project culminated in a consensus conference held in Malta in November 2006. The conference provided a forum for expert delegates to agree on a number of priority strategic recommendations that would be relevant to resistance containment efforts in the region. There was general agreement on the need for surveillance and audit to underpin any intervention to tackle antimicrobial resistance, both to monitor changing epidemiological trends in critical pathogens as well as to identify antibiotic consumption practices and effectiveness of prevention and control of health care associated infections. In addition, the importance to convey these data to key users was also stressed in all workshops, as was better education and training of health care workers. The recommendations also made it clear that ownership of the problem needs to be improved throughout the region and that resources, both financial as well as human, must be allocated by the respective policy makers in order to combat it.

scholarly journals Grid Integration as a Strategy of Med-TSO in the Mediterranean Area in the Framework of Climate Change and Energy Transition

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5307
Author(s):  
Antonio Moretti ◽  
Charalampos Pitas ◽  
George Christofi ◽  
Emmanuel Bué ◽  
Modesto Gabrieli Francescato
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
National Development ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Grid Integration ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Mediterranean

The paper presents a survey on the situation in terms of solutions for grid integration throughout the Mediterranean area in the framework of climate change and energy transition. The objective of the study is focused on Mediterranean region connectivity initiatives in the context of the broader vision of an interconnected European–Mediterranean (Euro–Med) power system for a future low-carbon energy system as the fundamental objective of Med-TSO, the Association of the Mediterranean Transmission System Operators (TSOs) for electricity. The analysis examines how the power grid connectivity evolves from now on to 2030, describing the progress made to date in integrating the power grids of the Mediterranean region as well as the future possibilities for a more integrated power grid covering the whole region. The research, conducted within Mediterranean Project II of Med-TSO, includes an overview on the current situation of the interconnections and the proposal for the 2030 interconnections Master Plan, coherent with the national development plans (NDPs) and shared energy scenarios for the whole region at the same horizon of 2030. It conducts an assessment of the gap between the current and the 2030 expected situation, taking into account the energy transition toward 2030 objectives resulting from the achievements of climate change pledges, local governmental policies and EU strategy for neighboring countries and Africa. The solutions survey includes technical solutions, procedures and rules to improve systems’ integration and increase regional electricity exchanges in Med-TSO countries, and is aimed at achieving a higher quality of services and better efficiency of energy supply in Med-TSO member countries in the framework of the expected energy transition. The main scope is to present solutions that will be made available due to maturity and experience in the coming decade, specifically: high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission technologies, energy storage, sectors coupling, smart grid technologies and services, inter-TSO and transmission–distribution cooperation platforms, etc. The article presents two case studies: the island paradigm and a new cross-border interconnection project of common interest. Finally, the post-pandemic core role of TSOs, which has become more relevant than ever, is transformed into a key-enabler of energy transition towards a sustainable, resilient and innovative climate-neutral recovery.

scholarly journals A peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch.) in Ancient and Early Byzantine Medicine According to Selected Sources (1st – 7th c. AD.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jagusiak ◽  
Maciej Kokoszko
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Persian Empire ◽  
Pliny The Elder ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Early Byzantine

The peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) is a tree native to the region known today as Northwest China, where its fruits were known around 2000 BC. Inhabitants of the Mediterranean Area came into contact with the peach probably between the 6th and 4th century BC thanks to the contacts with Persian Empire. In the western part of the Mediterranean Region the peach appeared later (ca. 1st c. AD). In the period under study there were many varieties of the peach, and they were eaten in many different ways – e.g. raw, dried, boiled etc. They could be consumed without any other ingredients, or as an element of more complicated dishes. Ancient and early Byzantine authors, who wrote their treatises between the 1st and 7th c. AD, and dealt with medicine (Dioscorides, Pliny the Elder, Galen, Oribasius, Aetius of Amida, Paul of Aegina, Athimus and others), described dietetic properties of a peach with details. Moreover, they left some information about a medical use of this fruit. This aspect of their works is an element of a wider and well-known phenomenon, i.e. an important role of all groups of aliments in the ancient art of healing.

scholarly journals Non-susceptible landslide areas in Italy and in the Mediterranean region

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 2813-2849
Author(s):  
I. Marchesini ◽  
F. Ardizzone ◽  
M. Alvioli ◽  
M. Rossi ◽  
F. Guzzetti
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Moving Window ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Srtm Dem ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. We used landslide information for 13 study areas in Italy and morphometric information obtained from the 3 arc-second SRTM DEM to determine areas where landslide susceptibility is expected to be null or negligible in Italy, and in the landmasses surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. The morphometric information consisted in the local terrain slope computed in a square 3 × 3 cell moving window, and in the regional relative relief computed in a circular 15 × 15 cell moving window. We tested three different models to determine the non-susceptible landslide areas, including a linear model (LR), a quantile linear model (QLR), and a quantile non-linear model (QNL). We tested the performance of the three models using independent landslide information represented by the Italian Landslide Inventory (Inventario Fenomeni Franosi in Italia – IFFI). Best results were obtained using the QNL model. The corresponding zonation of non-susceptible landslide areas was intersected in a GIS with geographical census data for Italy. The result allowed determining that 57.5% of the population of Italy (in 2001) was located in areas where landslide susceptibility is expected to be null or negligible, and that the remaining 42.5% was located in areas where some landslide susceptibility is expected. We applied the QNL model to the landmasses surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, and we tested the synoptic non-susceptibility zonation using independent landslide information for three study areas in Spain. Results proved that the QNL model was capable of determining where landslide susceptibility is expected to be negligible in the Mediterranean area. We expect our results to be applicable in similar study areas, facilitating the identification of non-susceptible and susceptible landslide areas, at the synoptic scale.

A revised typification of Jasione corymbosa and J. glabra (Campanulaceae) from the Western Mediterranean area

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO PABLO FERRER-GALLEGO ◽  
Ángel Romo ◽  
Roberto Roselló ◽  
Emilio Laguna ◽  
Juan Bautista Peris
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Maximum Expression

The genus Jasione Linnaeus (1753: 163) (Campanulaceae Juss.) is represented by ca. 16 species distributed throughout Europe and the Mediterranean Region, from coastal dunes to alpine zones, and growing on a wide variety of substrates as well (Sales & Hedge 2001b). The genus shows a high degree of polymorphism, which can be partially caused by its representation accross a wide range of ecological niches. This variability reaches its maximum expression within the Iberian Peninsula (Bokhari & Sales 2001).

scholarly journals APIFLAME v1.0: high-resolution fire emission model and application to the Euro-Mediterranean region

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Turquety ◽  
L. Menut ◽  
B. Bessagnet ◽  
A. Anav ◽  
N. Viovy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This paper describes a new model for the calculation of daily, high-resolution (up to 1 km) fire emissions, developed in the framework of the APIFLAME (Analysis and Prediction of the Impact of Fires on Air quality ModEling) project. The methodology relies on the classical approach, multiplying the burned area by the fuel load consumed and the emission factors specific to the vegetation burned. Emissions can be calculated on any user-specified domain, horizontal grid, and list of trace gases and aerosols, providing input information on the burned area (location, extent), and emission factors of the targeted species are available. The applicability to high spatial resolutions and the flexibility to different input data (including vegetation classifications) and domains are the main strength of the proposed algorithm. The modification of the default values and databases proposed does not require any change in the core of the model. The code may be used for the calculation of global or regional inventories. However, it has been developed and tested more specifically for Europe and the Mediterranean area. A regional analysis of fire activity and the resulting emissions in this region is provided. The burning season extends from June to October in most regions, with generally small but frequent fires in eastern Europe, western Russia, Ukraine and Turkey, and large events in the Mediterranean area. The resulting emissions represent a significant fraction of the total yearly emissions (on average amounting to ~ 30% of anthropogenic emissions for PM2.5, ~ 20% for CO). The uncertainty regarding the daily carbon emissions is estimated at ~ 100% based on an ensemble analysis. Considering the large uncertainties regarding emission factors, the potential error on the emissions for the various pollutants is even larger. Comparisons with other widely used emission inventories show good correlations but discrepancies of a factor of 2–4 in the amplitude of the emissions, our results being generally on the higher end.

scholarly journals Migrant Women-experiences from the Mediterranean Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Caterina La Cascia ◽  
Giulia Cossu ◽  
Jutta Lindert ◽  
Anita Holzinger ◽  
Thurayya Zreik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
The Mediterranean

Introduction: The phenomenon of migration is characterized and influenced by a number of different variables; and the different stages of journey are related to different levels and types of psychological distress. Women, in particular, are exposed to further specific risks during migration. Aim: To determine the factors that affect the psychological health of migrant women during the different stages of the migration journey. Methods: We provide a narrative review of the literature around the experiences of women during migration process, with a geographical focus on women migrating to the Mediterranean area. Results: Little data is currently available on the burden of mental health disorders for female migrants. Most studies about the mental health status of migrants were not gender-disaggregated or focused specifically on migrant women’s experiences of violence. Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) was found to be a common risk factor faced by all the women who leave their native country to migrate to other countries. Conclusion: Despite the importance of the issue and the gender-specific variables related to the experience of migrant women, few studies have looked specifically at psychological variables and mental health status in the female migrant population. It is crucial that future studies are conducted around female migration, violence towards women, and women’s mental health, in order to provide an evidence-base for promoting adequate policies and prevention/treatment programs for women.

Breeding phenology of an amphibian community in a Mediterranean area

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Richter-Boix ◽  
Gustavo A. Llorente ◽  
Albert Montori
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Temporary Pond ◽  
Breeding Phenology ◽  
Larval Phase ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Temporal Segregation ◽  
Amphibian Community ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Two Peaks

Abstract We studied the temporal breeding patterns and strategies of anuran assemblages in the Mediterranean region over five consecutive years. We collected monthly data on the number of clutches, tadpoles and juveniles presence of six species in 98 ponds. The data showed a great temporal segregation of species. Species using permanent ponds have a breeding peak that is related to temperature whereas reproductive success in temporary pond breeders is determined by rainfall pulses. Many species showed great plasticity of reproduction with two peaks: one in spring and the other in autumn. In spite of this temporal segregation, a large overlap was observed among species during the larval phase period. Three species (Alytes obstetricans, Pelodytes punctatus and Rana perezi) have over-wintering tadpoles. We discuss temporal segregation, differences between species in their breeding strategies and variable conditions between years as factors that favour the temporal coexistence of species in the Mediterranean region.

scholarly journals Workshop: Bridging the health divide across the Mediterranean: an agenda for public health research and polic

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Joint Actions ◽  
European Public ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Objectives Develop 3-4 areas for intensified collaboration The Mediterranean region has a rich history and is home to some of the earliest civilisations. Today, the Mediterranean is often in the news as a result of tragic events and unrest including conflict and loss of lives at sea. Political meetings such as the South EU summit of Southern European leaders and the 5 + 5 EuroMed are useful events to highlight the priority policy issues of this region. Yet, health has rarely been at the forefront of the political agenda for the Mediterranean. The migrant crisis comes as a timely reminder that there exists a full continent on the other side of this sea and border countries from Africa, themselves in active processes of reform and change, should be seen as neighbours with whom the European public health community needs to collaborate. The purpose of this workshop is to shine a light on the health divide across the Mediterranean, to highlight key epidemiological, health systems and global health governance issues of priority to the region. It aims to stimulate an initial discussion for a public health research and policy focus on the Mediterranean region which could eventually lead to a call for action and a programme of activities at international level. Our neighbours share with us several public health challenges, from financing of health systems, epidemiological transition toward NCD diseases, environment and life style risks, human resources for health challenges and migrant issues from other parts of the continent. Marseille, as the conference location, provides a unique opportunity to debate and exchange with the three Maghreb countries facing the southern border of Europe. Key messages Maghreb health systems are in transition, all three rather different, but rather close to some European and EU health systems regarding financing, priorities, social and regional inequalities in access to health services, aging and NCD growth pressure. How can they become a part and contribute to the very active European Public Health analysis and benchmarks on optimizing health systems performance? Part of the health crisis regarding migrants in Europe is also an issue for health care systems in Maghreb countries. Are there ways to collaborate, to implement real collaborative and joint actions? Maghreb countries face a very specific crisis because of European policies of attracting health professionals: the brain drain is a significant issue, endangering the capacity of the Maghreb health systems. Do we foresee solutions to it? Maghreb countries face the same transition as Europe toward chronic diseases’ increased burden due to global changes in lifestyles and exposure to globalized health risks, But also thanks to improved health care and longer life expectancies. Fighting an increase in some risk factors can only be global or regional, with joint actions in need of forgetting the presence of the sea. Chronic disease is also an issue for international organizations: for example, such discussion could bring the three WHO regional officers involved around the Mediterranean Sea closer.

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