scholarly journals The Indians and Major Studies in New Spain: Monarchical Politics, Debates, and Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
New Spain ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Mental Capacity ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
University Colleges ◽  
The University ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The Church

This article studies some stages and debates about the access of New Spain’s Indians to major studies: The discussion about their mental capacity in the 16th century, the impulse of Carlos II to the indigenous nobility in the 17th century, or the reticence in the Royal University of Mexico and the Church to their acceptance in the 18th century. It also analyzes the responses given by the Crown to the interest of the Indians elites in superior studies, degrees and public positions, protected by their rights as free vassals of the kingdom and as nobles, comparable to the Spanish nobility. Despite the insistent resistance of sectors of the colonial government and society to the rise of Indians, they firmly defended, in the 18th century, the rights and privileges granted to them by the monarchy since the beginning of New Spain, thereby achieving their entry into the university, colleges, and clergy.

scholarly journals From the Inquisition Pyre to Insertion into the Church: The Familial and Social Trajectory of Hernando Ortiz, a Jewish Convert in the Spanish Empire in the 16th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Clara Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Active Member ◽  
Jewish Ancestry ◽  
The Family ◽  
To Come ◽  
The University ◽  
The Church

This is a study of the trajectory of a Jewish converso who had a brilliant career at the University of Mexico in the 16th century: he received degrees from the faculties of arts, theology and law and was a professor for more than 28 years. He gained prestige and earned the respect of his fellow citizens, participated in monarchical politics and was an active member of his society, becoming the elected bishop of Guatemala. However, when he tried to become a judge of the Inquisition, a thorough investigation revealed his Jewish ancestry back in the Iberian Peninsula, causing his career to come to a halt. Further inquiry revealed that his grandmother had been burned by the Inquisition and accused of being a Judaizer around 1481; his nephews and nieces managed, in 1625, to obtain a letter from the Inquisition vouching for the “cleanliness of blood” of the family. Furthermore, the nephews founded an entailed estate in Oaxaca and forbade the heir of the entail to marry into the Jewish community. The university was a factor that facilitated their integration, but the Inquisition reminded them of its limits. The nephews denied their ancestors and became part of the society of New Spain. We have here a well-documented case that represents the possible existence of many others.

scholarly journals A Bécsi Egyetem Szent László-orációi a 17. században

Gerundium ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-38
Author(s):  
Krisztina Farkas
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
The University

Saint Ladislaus’ Day Orations at the University of Vienna in the 17th Century. The University of Vienna played a highly important role in the promotion of Saint Ladislaus’ cult in the 16th century. The festive oration was presented on the occasion of the annual solemnities held in honour of St. Ladislaus by a specially chosen student. Due to the king’s presence and under the influence of Jesuit supervision actual political topics and analogies between Habsburg sovereigns and St. Ladislaus were highly appreciated in the text of orations. There are two sources of collected editions of St. Ladislaus day’s orations available for study. The first one is owed to Franciscus Xaverius Cetto who collected and published in 1693 orations presented after 1655. The second volume was produced by Miklós Jankovich at the end of the 18th century. The latter is the only source of Miklós Zrínyi’s first prose work (1634). He depicts St. Ladislaus as hero of knight king, predecissor of Ferdinand III. with the inclusion of first clues to Zrínyi’s future political programme. His thoughts are also reflected in the orations by counts Esterházy in which comparison to Habsburg monarchs gains even more emphasis. Similar parallelism appears on the portrait St. Ladislaus of the Nádasdy- Mausoleum which was inspired by the Augsburg and Brunn edition of the Thuróczy’s Chronicle (1488).

scholarly journals The Vilnius icon of the Mother of God and its cult in the Greek Catholic Church of the Holy Trinity

Menotyra ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rūta Janonienė
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Pure Gold ◽  
Holy Trinity ◽  
The One ◽  
Oil Paints ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church

The article discusses the icon of the  Hodegetria Mother of God, formerly placed in Vilnius.The currently missing piece of art was considered very important in the Vilnius spiritual life inthe 16th – early 20th centuries and was respected by Orthodox, Greek Catholic (Uniate) andRoman Catholic churches. A significant influence on the cult of icons was inspired by the au-thorship attributed to St. Lukas (later – only its prototype) and historical links with the familyof the Grand Duke of Lithuania Alexander Jagiellon (the icon was brought as a dowry in 1495by his wife Elena, the daughter of the Grand Duke of Moscow).In the 16th century, the icon was stored in the Orthodox Cathedral of the Blessed Mother ofGod. At that time it was possibly renewed (two side boards were replaced and the icon was re-painted with the egg-tempera technique). It is supposed that at that time the partial amendmentwas made in the oldest silver casings consisting of separate ornamented plates that were coveringthe background of the icon. Most of the knowledge about the existence of the icon exists fromthe beginning of the 17th century, when it was transferred into the church of the Vilnius Basilianmonastery of St. Trinity. There it became a major factor of Vilnius Latin and Greek Catholicreligious integration. The altar of The Mother of God in the church of St. Trinity was patronizedby the fraternity of the Immaculate Conception of Holy Mary.The image of the icons is known from the descriptions, lithographs, photographs and copiesof the 19th century. It should be noted that there are two different iconographic variations ofthe copies of the Vilnius Hodegetria (characterized by the different position of the feet of Jesus).The article raises an assumption that the icon could be repainted in the 17th century. The slightchange of the image or its iconography may have been adjusted with the silver casings made in1677. Once again the Vilnius icon was possibly renewed after the fire in 1706. In the middle ofthe 18th century, the head of Holy Mary was decorated with a new pure gold filigree crown. In1839, after the repeal of the union and the takeover of the St. Trinity‘s church by the Orthodox,the altar of Holy Mary was demolished and the icon was added to the new iconostasis. In 1866,the old artistic silver casings were melted and from the resulting material the new casing wasmade in St Petersburg, corresponding to the requirements of the Orthodox. In the same year,the icon was restored. Its oil paints were cleaned. The image unveiled at that time perhaps wasnot the first original image, but the one created after the icon base corrections, most likely inVilnius in the 16th century.

Origine et diffusion des expressions romanes du type jaune paille

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Sara Matrisciano ◽  
Franz Rainer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Colour Term ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
And Diffusion

All major Romance languages have patterns of the type jaune paille for expressing shades of colour represented by some prototypical object. The first constituent of this pattern is a colour term, while the second one designates a prototypical representative of the colour shade. The present paper starts with a short discussion of the controversial grammatical status of this pattern and its constituents. Its main aim, however, concerns the origin and diffusion of this pattern. We have not found hard and fast evidence that Medieval Italian pigment compounds of the type verderame influenced the rise of the jaune paille pattern, which first appears in French in the 16th century. This pattern continued to be a minority solution during the 17th century, but established itself during the 18th century. In the 19th century, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese adopted the pattern jaune paille, while it did not reach Catalan and Romanian before the 20th century.

Conversations with the Malabar Pagans (according to the Documents of the Danish Royal Tranquebar Mission)

2021 ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Kseniia D. Nikolskaia
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Hindu Religion ◽  
The University ◽  
Local Languages ◽  
Coromandel Coast

At the beginning of the 17th century, the Danish East India company (Dansk Østindisk Kompagni) was established in Europe. In particular, Tranquebar (Dansborg fortress) became the stronghold of the Danes in India. In another hundred years, at the very beginning of the 18th century, the first Lutheran missionaries appeared on the Coromandel coast. At this time the Danish Royal mission was established in Tranquebar, funded by king Frederick IV. It consisted mainly of Germans who graduated from the University of the Saxon city of Halle. Those missionaries not only actively preached among the local population, but also studied languages of the region, translated Gospels into local languages and then published it in the printing house they created. They also trained neophytes from among the local children. One of the first missionaries in Tranquebar was pastor Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg, who lived in India from 1706 to 1719. Information about Pastor's activities in the Royal Danish mission has been preserved in his letters and records. These letters and papers were regularly printed in Halle in the reports of the Royal Danish Mission («Ausführliche Berichte an, die von der königlichen dänischen Missionaren aus Ost-Indien»). However, besides letters and reports, this edition constantly published texts of a special kind, called «conversations» (das Gespräch). They looked like dialogues between pastor Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg and local religious authorities. Those brahmans explained the basic principles of the Hindu religion, and their opponent showed them the absurdity of their creed by comparing it with the main tenets of Christianity. The following is a translation of one of these dialogues.

scholarly journals The “Slavic-Russian Nation” in the Historical Literature of Ukraine and Russia from the 1600s to the mid-1700s

Slovene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-447
Author(s):  
Petr S. Stefanovich
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
Imperial Identity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Church ◽  
Century Literature

The article analyzes the history of the concept of a “Slavic-Russian nation”. The concept was first used by Zacharia Kopystenskij in 1624, but its wide occurrence starts in 1674, when Synopsis, the first printed history of Russia, was published in Kiev. In the book, “Slavic-Russian nation” refers to an ancient Slavic people, which preceded the “Russian nation” (“rossiyskiy narod”) of the time in which the book was written. Uniting “Slavs” and “Russians” (“rossy”) into one “Slavic-Russian nation”, the author of Synopsis followed the idea which was proposed but not specifically defined by M. Stryjkovskij in his Chronicle (1582) and, later, by the Kievan intellectuals of the 1620s–30s. The construction of Synopsis was to prove that “Russians” (“rossy”) were united by both the common Slavic origin and the Church Slavonic language used by the Orthodox Slavic peoples. According to Synopsis, they were also supposed to be united by the Muscovite tsar’s authority and the Orthodox religion. The whole conception made Synopsis very popular in Russia in the late 17th century and later. Earlier in the 17th-century literature of the Muscovite State, some authors also proposed ethno-genetic constructions based on Stryjkovskij’s Chronicle and other Renaissance historiography. Independently from the Kievan literature, the word “Slavic-Russian” was invented (first appearance in the Legend about Sloven and Rus, 1630s). Both the Kievan and Muscovite constructions of a mythical “Slavic-Russian nation” aimed at making an “imagined” ethno-cultural nation. They contributed to forming a new Russian imperial identity in the Petrine epoch. However, the concept of a “Slavic-Russian nation” was not in demand in the political discourse of the Petrine Empire. It was sporadically used in the historical works of the 18th century (largely due to the influence of Synopsis), but played no significant role in the proposed interpretations of Russian history.

scholarly journals Maciej Ziemierski, Testamenty krakowskiej rodziny Królików z XVII w.

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 11-41
Author(s):  
Maciej Ziemierski
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Family Members ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Town ◽  
Distinguished Member

17th century testaments of the Królik family from Krakow The article is dedicated to the Królik family from Krakow, who lived in the town from the late 16th century until the first years of the 18th century. The family members initially worked as tailors, later reinforcing the group of Krakow merchants in the third generation (Maciej Królik). Wojciech Królik – from the fourth generation – was a miner in Olkusz. The text omits the most distinguished member of the family, Wojciech’s oldest brother, the Krakow councillor Mikołaj Królik, whose figure has been covered in a separate work. The work shows the complicated religious relations in the family of non-Catholics, initially highly engaged in the life of the Krakow Congregation, but whose members gradually converted from Evangelism to Catholicism. As a result, Wojciech Królik and his siblings became Catholics. This work is complemented by four testaments of family members, with the first, Jakub Królik’s, being written in 1626 and the last one, Wojciech Królik’s, written in 1691.

scholarly journals La Universidad de Valencia: semblanza de profesores (1596 – 1611) = The University of Valencia: Semblance of Professors (1596 – 1611)

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
José Seguí Cantos
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
The University ◽  
Catholic Reform

Resumen: Este trabajo trata de mos­trar un retrato de los profesores más impor­tantes de la Universidad de Valencia en los años de Felipe II y primeros años del reinado de Felipe III. Se describen las distintas trayec­torias vitales de profesores de los estudios de latinidad y de las distintas facultades. La sucesión de maestros y discípulos es la cons­tatación de que en los años finales del siglo XVI y primeros del siglo XVII asistimos en Valencia al paso de la Universidad del huma­nismo a la universidad de la contrarreforma provocado por el relevo en los profesores, la aplicación de los decretos de Trento al ámbito de la cultura, la aparición de las cátedras pa­vordías y la crisis económica que afecta a la ya maltrecha economía de la Universidad.Palabras clave: Universidad Valencia, profesores, humanismo, reforma católica.Abstract: This research intends to show a biographical portrait of the most im­portant professors of the university of Valen­cia during the reign of Philip II and the first years of the reign of Philip III. It focuses on the different vital trajectories of the profes­sors of the studies of Latinity and the various faculties. The succession of professors and disciples is the confirmation that, in the final years of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century, Valencia is witnessing the turn of the Humanism university into the Counter-Reformation university. This was mainly caused by the replacement of profes­sors, the application of the decrees of Trent to the field of culture, the emergence of the pavordía chairs and the economic crisis that affected the already battered economy of the university.Keywords: University of Valencia, tea­chers, humanism, catholic reform.

scholarly journals Post-Tridentine Catholic Piety and Forms of Devotional Practices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-155
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kaczor-Scheitler
Keyword(s):  
Conference Proceedings ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Religious Literature ◽  
Religious Writing ◽  
Devotional Practices ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
The University

Katarzyna Kaczor-Scheitler, PhD — assistant professor at the Department of Old Literature, Editing and Auxiliary Sciences at the University of Lodz. Author of books: Mistycyzm hiszpański w piśmiennictwie polskich karmelitanek XVII i XVIII wieku (Spanish Mysticism in the Literature of 17th and 18th-Century Polish Carmelites) (2005); Marianna Marchocka a św. Teresa z Avila (Marianna Marchocka and St. Theresa of Avila) (2009); Perswazja w wybranych medytacjach siedemnastowiecznych z klasztoru norbertanek na Zwierzyńcu (Persuasion in Selected 17th-Century Meditations from the Norbertine Monastery in Zwierzyniec) (2016). Co-editor of volumes of collected essays: Piśmiennictwo zakonne w dobie staropolskiej (Religious Writing in Old Poland) (2013) and Piotr Skarga — w czterechsetlecie śmierci (Piotr Skarga — on the 400th Anniversary of His Death) (2013). Author of works published in numerous conference proceedings and special volumes. Publishes her articles in Polish and foreign journals: “Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica”, “Analecta Praemonstratensia”, “Communio. Międzynarodowy Przegląd Teologiczny”, “Czytanie Literatury. Łódzkie Studia Literaturoznawcze”, “Pamiętnik Literacki”, “Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka”, “Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne”, “Prace Polonistyczne”, “Przegląd Powszechny”, “Respectus Philologicus”, “Ruch Literacki”, “Studia Monastica”, “Świat i Słowo”, “Świat Tekstów. Rocznik Słupski”, “Tematy i Konteksty”. Main areas of interest: old religious literature, especially occasional, ascetic-mystical and meditative literature.

The first Russian dictionaries

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Н.Е. Касьяненко
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Статья посвящена истории развития словарного дела на Руси и появлению первых словарей. Затрагиваются первые, несловарные формы описания лексики в письменных памятниках XI–XVII вв. (глоссы), из которых черпался материал для собственно словарей. Анализируются основные лексикографические жанры этого времени и сложение на их основе азбуковников. В статье уделено внимание таким конкретным лексикографическим произведениям, как ономастикону «Рѣчь жидовскаго «зыка» (XVIII в.), словарям-символикам «Толк о неразумнех словесех» (XV в.) и «Се же приточне речеся», произвольнику, объясняющему славянские слова, «Тлъкование нεоудобь познаваεмомъ въ писаныхъ рѣчемь» (XIV в.), разговорнику «Рѣчь тонкословія греческаго» (ХV в.). Характеризуется словарь Максима Грека «Толкованіе именамъ по алфавиту» (XVI в.). Предметом более подробного освещения стал «Лексис…» Л. Зизания – первый печатный словарь на Руси. На примерах дается анализ его реестровой и переводной частей. Рассматривается известнейший труд П. Берынды «Лексикон славеноросский и имен толкование», а также рукописный «Лексикон латинский…» Е. Славинецкого, являющий собой образец переводного словаря XVII в. The article is dedicated to the history of the development of vocabulary in Russia and the emergence of the first dictionaries. The first, non-verbar forms of description of vocabulary in written monuments of the 11th and 17th centuries (glosses), from which material for the dictionaries themselves were drawn, are affected. The main lexicographical genres of this time are analyzed and the addition of alphabets on their basis. The article focuses on specific lexicographical works such as the «Zhidovskago» (18th century) the dictionaries-symbols of «The Talk of Unreasonable Words» (the 15th century). and «The Same Speech», an arbitrary explanation of slavic words, «The tlution of the cognition in the written», (the 14th century), the phrasebook «Ry subtle Greek» (the 15th century). Maxim Greck's dictionary «Tolkien names in alphabetical order» (16th century) is characterized. The subject of more detailed coverage was «Lexis...» L. Sizania is the first printed dictionary in Russia. Examples give analysis of its registry and translation parts. The famous work of P. Berynda «Lexicon of Slavic and Names of Interpretation» and the handwritten «Lexicon Latin...» are considered. E. Slavinecki, which is a model of the 17th century translated dictionary.

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