scholarly journals La Universidad de Valencia: semblanza de profesores (1596 – 1611) = The University of Valencia: Semblance of Professors (1596 – 1611)

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
José Seguí Cantos
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
The University ◽  
Catholic Reform

Resumen: Este trabajo trata de mos­trar un retrato de los profesores más impor­tantes de la Universidad de Valencia en los años de Felipe II y primeros años del reinado de Felipe III. Se describen las distintas trayec­torias vitales de profesores de los estudios de latinidad y de las distintas facultades. La sucesión de maestros y discípulos es la cons­tatación de que en los años finales del siglo XVI y primeros del siglo XVII asistimos en Valencia al paso de la Universidad del huma­nismo a la universidad de la contrarreforma provocado por el relevo en los profesores, la aplicación de los decretos de Trento al ámbito de la cultura, la aparición de las cátedras pa­vordías y la crisis económica que afecta a la ya maltrecha economía de la Universidad.Palabras clave: Universidad Valencia, profesores, humanismo, reforma católica.Abstract: This research intends to show a biographical portrait of the most im­portant professors of the university of Valen­cia during the reign of Philip II and the first years of the reign of Philip III. It focuses on the different vital trajectories of the profes­sors of the studies of Latinity and the various faculties. The succession of professors and disciples is the confirmation that, in the final years of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century, Valencia is witnessing the turn of the Humanism university into the Counter-Reformation university. This was mainly caused by the replacement of profes­sors, the application of the decrees of Trent to the field of culture, the emergence of the pavordía chairs and the economic crisis that affected the already battered economy of the university.Keywords: University of Valencia, tea­chers, humanism, catholic reform.

A Yakut Composite Bow from the Toybokhoy Museum

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
R. I. Bravina ◽  
V. M. Dyakonov
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Central Plate ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The University

We give the fi rst description of an unusual composite bow of the Central Asian type, owned by the Toybokhoy Museum in the Suntarsky District of Yakutia, and provide information about its discovery. We foc us on the details and structural peculiarities of the specimen, and note that this refl ex composite bow differs in terms of construction and technology from those of the Northe rn type used by the Yakuts in the 17th to 19th centuries. It resembles bows of the Central Asian type. Its distinctive features are eight horn and bone frontal plates, four end-plates, and four long edging-plates made of bone. According to folkloric sources and 17th century archival documents, before the Russians migrated to the Lena Territory, the Yakuts had used bone combat bows of the Central Asian type. We cite an archaeological fact demonstrating the use of such bows in Yakutia—a central plate from a composite bow with widening paddle-shaped ends from the mid-15th to early 16th century burial at Sergelyakh. We publish the results of the radiocarbon analysis of the horn plate from the Toybokhoy bow, carried out at the Center for Isotope Research at the University of Groningen. They support the legendary version: the Toybokhoy bow belonged to the brother of the Yakut ruler Tygyn Darkhan, Ala Kyrsyn, who lived in the early 17th century and became the founder of one of the Vilyuy Yakut clans. We conclude that alongside the Northern type bows, the late medieval Yakuts used refl ex bows of the Central Asian type.

The Religious Life in the Spain of Philip II and Philip III

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 251-274
Author(s):  
A.D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Royal Authority ◽  
The Social ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
True Condition ◽  
Catholic Reform

From the vividly autobiographic Life of St Teresa famous images of conventual life in sixteenth-century Spain have been derived; both the dark impression of unreformed monastic existence and the heroic profile of reformed regulars. Before and after that era the social, not to say political prominence of certain figures, friars and nuns, in Spanish life is notorious, from the reigns of the Catholic Monarchs to that of Philip IV and beyond. Modern historical research has indeed highlighted the contribution to political and ecclesiastical development, to early Catholic reform above all, of key members of the regular clergy under the Catholic Monarchs. For monastics, as opposed to mendicants, in post-medieval Spain, the extensive and meticulous researches of Linage Conde have put all Iberian scholars in his debt. The fascinating origins of the essentially Iberian phenomenon of the Jeronymites have recently received new attention from J.R.L. Highfield, but further insights into the true condition of the religious life in the Iberian peninsula of the supposedly Golden Age are perhaps still possible, when unpublished material is consulted in the Roman archives and in those of Spain, such as Madrid, Simancas, Barcelona and Valencia. Considerations of space necessarily limit what can be suggested here, but the development of monastic life in Counter-Reformation Spain is arguably best considered in its extended not just in its stricter sense: for parallels and contrasts, as well as direct influences, were not confined by the normal distinctions between the eremitic and the monastic, the monastic and the mendicant, the old and the new orders, or even the male and female communities. Furthermore the intervention of Spanish royal authority in Portuguese affairs between 1580 and 1640, not least in ecclesiastical and regular life, provides a useful comparative basis for consideration of truly Iberian conditions.

scholarly journals A Bécsi Egyetem Szent László-orációi a 17. században

Gerundium ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-38
Author(s):  
Krisztina Farkas
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
The University

Saint Ladislaus’ Day Orations at the University of Vienna in the 17th Century. The University of Vienna played a highly important role in the promotion of Saint Ladislaus’ cult in the 16th century. The festive oration was presented on the occasion of the annual solemnities held in honour of St. Ladislaus by a specially chosen student. Due to the king’s presence and under the influence of Jesuit supervision actual political topics and analogies between Habsburg sovereigns and St. Ladislaus were highly appreciated in the text of orations. There are two sources of collected editions of St. Ladislaus day’s orations available for study. The first one is owed to Franciscus Xaverius Cetto who collected and published in 1693 orations presented after 1655. The second volume was produced by Miklós Jankovich at the end of the 18th century. The latter is the only source of Miklós Zrínyi’s first prose work (1634). He depicts St. Ladislaus as hero of knight king, predecissor of Ferdinand III. with the inclusion of first clues to Zrínyi’s future political programme. His thoughts are also reflected in the orations by counts Esterházy in which comparison to Habsburg monarchs gains even more emphasis. Similar parallelism appears on the portrait St. Ladislaus of the Nádasdy- Mausoleum which was inspired by the Augsburg and Brunn edition of the Thuróczy’s Chronicle (1488).

scholarly journals Profesor Jolanta Dworzaczkowa. Z okazji jubileuszu 90-lecia urodzin i 65-lecia twórczości naukowej

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 111-130
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Chodyła ◽  
Marian Drozdowski ◽  
Zofia Sprys
Keyword(s):  
Academic Work ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
90Th Birthday ◽  
Cognitive Value ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Skills

Artykuł przedstawia życie i dorobek naukowy Profesor Jolanty Dworzaczkowej, z domu Essmanowskiej (ur. 1923 r.). Po uzyskaniu matury w konspiracyjnym liceum (1942) i studiach na tajnym Uniwersytecie Ziem Zachodnich (1942-1944) w Warszawie i na Uniwersytecie Poznańskim (1945-1947) pracowała w latach 1950-1981 jako ceniony nauczyciel akademicki na UP i UAM, broniąc na tej uczelni rozpraw doktorskiej (1951) i habilitacyjnej (1960). Od 1949 r. do zasobu wiedzy historycznej wniosła ponad sto publikacji (wykazanych w Bibliografii, opublikowanej wraz z krótką charakterystyką sylwetki Badaczki w czasopiśmie „Odrodzenia i Reformacji w Polsce” LIII, 2009 i Uzupełnieniu do niej, pod tekstem tego artykułu). Dotyczą one: 1) dziejów Prus Królewskich, 2) dziejów reformacji i kontrreformacji, a szczególnie Kościoła braci czeskich w Polsce, 3) dziejów Wielkopolski, zwłaszcza w płaszczyźnie wyznaniowej. Z jej publikacji do najważniejszych należą książki: Dziejopisarstwo gdańskie do połowy XVI w. (1962), Reformacja i kontrreformacja w Wielkopolsce (1995), Bracia Czescy w Wielkopolsce w XVI i XVII w. (1997), Szkoła w Lesznie do 1656 roku. Nauczyciele i programy (2003) i Z dziejów braci czeskich w Polsce (2003). Ze względu na wysokie walory poznawcze i warsztatowe dorobek naukowy Jolanty Dworzaczkowej jest bardzo wysoko ceniony przez polskich i zagranicznych historyków reformacji i kontrreformacji, zwłaszcza zaś czeskich badaczy dziejów braci czeskich na emigracji oraz życia i działalności Jana Amosa Komeńskiego w XVI-XVII w. Professor Jolanta Dworzaczkowa. To Commemorate 90th Birthday and 65 Years of Academic Work The article presents the personal and professional life of prof. Jolanta Dworzaczkowa, née Essmanowska (born 1923). She passed her baccalaureate exams in one of the underground high schools in 1942 and graduated from the underground University of the Western Lands (1942- -1944) in Warsaw and from Poznań University (1945-1947). Between 1950 and 1981, she worked and was regarded as a valuable academic lecturer at Poznań University and Adam Mickiewicz University. In 1951, she defended her Ph. D. thesis and in 1960 she received her habilitation. Since 1949 she has contributed over 100 publications (indicated in Bibliography, published along with a short description of her character in the journal Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce in No. 53, 2009, and in Supplement to it, under the article). These publications concern the history of Royal Prussia, the history of Reformation and Counter-reformation, and in particular, the history of the Unity of the Brethren in Poland, and the history of Greater Poland, especially in terms of religion. Among her publications, the most important are the following books: Dziejopisarstwo gdańskie do połowy XVI w. (“Gdańsk Chronicles Until the Middle of the 16th Century) from 1962, Reformacja i kontrreformacja w Wielkopolsce (“Reformation and Counter-reformation in Greater Poland”) from 1955, Bracia czescy w Wielkopolsce w XVI I XVII w. (“The Unity of Brethren in Greater Poland in the 16th and 17th Century”) from 1997, Szkoła w Lesznie do 1656 roku. Nauczyciele i programy (“Education in Leszno Until 1656. Teachers and Curricula”) from 2003 and Z dziejow braci czeskich w Polsce (“The history of the Unity of Brethren in Poland”) from 2003. The academic work of prof. Dworzaczkowa has immense cognitive value and it proves her great scientific skills, therefore it is extremely respected by historians of Reformation and Counter-reformation in Poland and abroad. The expatriated Czech researchers of the history of the Unity of Brethren and the researchers working on the life and work of Jan Amos Komeński in the 16th and the 17th century particularly value her work.

scholarly journals Felix saeculum Cracoviae – Krakow’s happy age: legend and reality

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Łatak
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The University ◽  
Spiritual History

This article is a reflection on the phenomenon referred to in Polish historiography as felix saeculum Cracoviae, i.e., Krakow’s happy age. The concept first appeared in the mid-16th century, in a hagiography of blessed Michał Giedroyć (+1489) written by Jan of Trzciana, a professor at the University of Krakow. It was directly associated with a group of six saints/clerics who lived and worked in 15th century Krakow metropolitan area: Jan Kanty, Izajasz Boner, Szymon of Lipnica, Stanisław Kazimierczyk, Michał Giedroyć and Świętosław Milczący. In the early 17th century, the notion laid the foundation for a multi-layer hagiographic construct, which with time began to be used also in reference to the city’s 15th century history, presented as a remarkable period of thriving religious life and a “great era in its spiritual history”. However, an in-depth study of the phenomenon leaves no doubt that the ‘happy age’ is only a beautiful legend far removed from historical reality.   

scholarly journals The Indians and Major Studies in New Spain: Monarchical Politics, Debates, and Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
New Spain ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Mental Capacity ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
University Colleges ◽  
The University ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The Church

This article studies some stages and debates about the access of New Spain’s Indians to major studies: The discussion about their mental capacity in the 16th century, the impulse of Carlos II to the indigenous nobility in the 17th century, or the reticence in the Royal University of Mexico and the Church to their acceptance in the 18th century. It also analyzes the responses given by the Crown to the interest of the Indians elites in superior studies, degrees and public positions, protected by their rights as free vassals of the kingdom and as nobles, comparable to the Spanish nobility. Despite the insistent resistance of sectors of the colonial government and society to the rise of Indians, they firmly defended, in the 18th century, the rights and privileges granted to them by the monarchy since the beginning of New Spain, thereby achieving their entry into the university, colleges, and clergy.

Rīgā 17. gadsimtā sacerētās latīņu kāzu dzejas komponentes

2020 ◽  
pp. 212-226
Author(s):  
Anna Strode
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Latin Poetry ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Occasional Poetry ◽  
Pseudo Dionysius

Soon after the Protestant Reformation took place in Livonia in the 16th century, the currents of European humanism came to Livonia. As a result of the historical and religious impact, the level of education increased, enabling an environment for the development of the literature. Soon various Latin poetry texts int. al. 17th-century occasional poetry written by the humanists of Riga started to appear. The aim of the article is to bring to light the components of nuptial (epithalamium, ὑμέναιος/hymenaeus, carmen nuptialis, etc.) poetry written in Riga in the 17th century, as well as by exploring the specific features of occasional poetry to capture readers’ and researchers’ interest in the previously undiscovered cultural heritage. At the beginning of the article, the tradition of nuptial poetry is explained. Then, by examining the basic principles one must take into account in composing occasional poetry based on works of the ancient rhetors – Menander (Μένανδρος Ῥήτωρ, c. 3rd century), pseudo-Dionysius (pseudo-Dionysius/Διονύσιος), Himerius (Ἱμέριος, c. 315–c. 386) and the book “Seven Books on Poetry” (Poetices libri septem, 1561) written by Italian humanist Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484–1558) – a table of the most used topics in nuptial poetry is formed. Afterwards, the poetry written in Riga and its most typical components (didactics, laudation, inducement, foresight, wishes/congratulations and prayers) is compared to the topics offered by previously mentioned theoreticians. Fragments of Latin nuptial poetry written in Riga are included to portray the components of poetry more clearly. All translations of poetry included in the article are made by the author of the article.

Rekonstruktion des Ursprungs und Neudatierung zweier magischer Gemmen mit Hilfe einer Zauberzeichensequenz

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Kirsten Dzwiza
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
New Findings ◽  
State Museum ◽  
Museum Of Fine Arts ◽  
First Time

SummaryThere are only a few sequences of ancient magic signs known to us today that have been preserved on multiple artefacts. A previously unnoticed sequence of 17 signs on a gem in the Museum of Fine Arts in Vienna occurs with minor but significant variations on two other gems in the State Museum of Egyptian Art in Munich. The Viennese gem is dated to the 16th century and is documented as a drawing in a 17th century publication. The first Munich gem has been assigned to the Graeco-Roman period. The second gem, which, according to the inventory card of the museum, also belongs to the Graeco-Roman period, is published here for the first time. A comparative study of the three gems and the drawing has lead to a number of new findings, including the re-dating of the Munich gems.

scholarly journals From the Inquisition Pyre to Insertion into the Church: The Familial and Social Trajectory of Hernando Ortiz, a Jewish Convert in the Spanish Empire in the 16th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Clara Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Active Member ◽  
Jewish Ancestry ◽  
The Family ◽  
To Come ◽  
The University ◽  
The Church

This is a study of the trajectory of a Jewish converso who had a brilliant career at the University of Mexico in the 16th century: he received degrees from the faculties of arts, theology and law and was a professor for more than 28 years. He gained prestige and earned the respect of his fellow citizens, participated in monarchical politics and was an active member of his society, becoming the elected bishop of Guatemala. However, when he tried to become a judge of the Inquisition, a thorough investigation revealed his Jewish ancestry back in the Iberian Peninsula, causing his career to come to a halt. Further inquiry revealed that his grandmother had been burned by the Inquisition and accused of being a Judaizer around 1481; his nephews and nieces managed, in 1625, to obtain a letter from the Inquisition vouching for the “cleanliness of blood” of the family. Furthermore, the nephews founded an entailed estate in Oaxaca and forbade the heir of the entail to marry into the Jewish community. The university was a factor that facilitated their integration, but the Inquisition reminded them of its limits. The nephews denied their ancestors and became part of the society of New Spain. We have here a well-documented case that represents the possible existence of many others.

Origine et diffusion des expressions romanes du type jaune paille

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Sara Matrisciano ◽  
Franz Rainer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Colour Term ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
And Diffusion

All major Romance languages have patterns of the type jaune paille for expressing shades of colour represented by some prototypical object. The first constituent of this pattern is a colour term, while the second one designates a prototypical representative of the colour shade. The present paper starts with a short discussion of the controversial grammatical status of this pattern and its constituents. Its main aim, however, concerns the origin and diffusion of this pattern. We have not found hard and fast evidence that Medieval Italian pigment compounds of the type verderame influenced the rise of the jaune paille pattern, which first appears in French in the 16th century. This pattern continued to be a minority solution during the 17th century, but established itself during the 18th century. In the 19th century, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese adopted the pattern jaune paille, while it did not reach Catalan and Romanian before the 20th century.

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