scholarly journals Deciding on Discipline: The Importance of Parent Demeanor in the Transmission of Discipline Practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Burke ◽  
Jessica M. Doucet
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Discipline Practices ◽  
Asking Questions

Although child abuse is a social problem in the United States, many cases go unreported because there is not a consensus as to what disciplinary actions are deemed abusive. Thus, it is paramount to understand the demarcation between physical punishment and physical abuse among parents and their use of certain forms of discipline. This study examines how discipline experienced by adolescent respondents affects their choice of discipline practices in adulthood. A random sample of residents was selected from three South Carolina counties using the 2016 state voter registration list. Respondents were mailed a survey asking questions pertaining to their disciplinary practices and experiences. Analyses were conducted using the ordinary least squares regression. Those who experienced abusive discipline as a child were significantly less likely to report that they use the same discipline techniques as their parents. However, adding parenting traits into the model revealed a mediation effect. Abusive discipline no longer plays a significant role in how respondents discipline their own children once the perceived demeanor of their parent is taken into consideration. These findings suggest that disciplinary techniques are less important than a parent’s attitude when correcting their children’s behavior. Implications for the current research, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

The Influence of Pay-To-Play Fees on Participation in Interscholastic Sports: A School-Level Analysis of Michigan’s Public Schools

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1317-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Zdroik ◽  
Philip Veliz
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
School Level ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Interscholastic Sports

Background:School districts in the United States are turning toward new sources of revenue to maintain their interscholastic sports programs. One common revenue generating policy is the implementation of participation fees, also known as pay-to-play. One concern of the growing trend of participation fees is how it impacts student participation opportunities. This study looks at how pay-to-play fees are impacting participation opportunities and participation rates in the state of Michigan.Methods:Through merging 3 school-level data sets, Civil Rights Data Collection, the Common Core of Data, and participation information from MHSAA (Michigan High School Athletic Association), bivariate analysis and ordinary least squares regression were used in our analysis.Results:Our findings indicate that certain types of schools are able to support pay-to-play fees: relatively large schools that are located in suburban, white communities, with relatively low poverty rates. We also found that participation fees are not decreasing the number of sport opportunities for students, participation opportunities are higher in schools with fees; but participation rates are similar between schools with and without participation fees.Conclusions:Participation fee policy implications are discussed and we offer suggestions for future research.

Late-Life Divorce and Postdivorce Adult Subjective Well-Being

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1363-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Bowen ◽  
Todd M. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Late Life Divorce

Late-life divorce—divorce at 50 years and older—is an increasingly common event in the United States. Despite this trend, the conditions and outcomes for those involved in late-life divorce remain understudied. Drawing on Schlossberg’s transition theory, we assess four sets of risk and protective factors (i.e., situation, self, support, and coping strategies) that could influence the postdivorce life satisfaction of adults who experience late-life divorces. Using the data set of a nationally representative study, we obtained an analytical sample of 164 men and 145 women who reported a divorce at 50 years or older ( N = 309). Results from ordinary least squares regression analysis indicate few statistically significant effects from the sets of risk and protective factors entered in the second and third steps of the analysis. Implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

Profiles in workplace giving: a cluster analysis of ‘types’ of givers within a public university

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Ruiz-Menjivar ◽  
Tracy Johns ◽  
Tara Counts ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Jennifer Amanda Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Public University ◽  
Strategic Marketing ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Job Classification ◽  
Employment Duration

This study examines public employees’ donations to a workplace giving campaign at a large public university in the south-east of the United States. First, we employed logistic regression to predict the likelihood of donating through workplace giving programmes using a sample of employees at a large public university (N = 11,726). Second, we estimated an ordinary least squares regression to identify the significant predictors of donation value with a subsample of employee donors (n=1,832). Third, we developed donor profiles (for example, clusters) of employee benefactors using K-medoids clustering. Factors such as sex, age, education and salary were significant predictors of both being a donor and the donation amount. Additionally, employment duration was significantly related to being a donor and the donation amount, while job classification only predicted being a donor. Employee donors fell into five distinct clusters. These findings contribute to our knowledge of workplace giving campaigns and can be used to develop strategic marketing campaigns.

scholarly journals Bikes or Bust? Analyzing the Impact of Bicycle Infrastructure on Business Performance in San Francisco

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (12) ◽  
pp. 277-289
Author(s):  
Raleigh McCoy ◽  
Joseph A. Poirier ◽  
Karen Chapple
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Mode Shift ◽  
Bicycle Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Transportation agencies at the local, state, and federal levels in the United States (U.S.) have shown a growing interest in expanding bicycle infrastructure, given its link to mode shift and safety goals. These projects, however, are far from universally accepted. Business owners have been particularly vocal opponents, claiming that bicycle infrastructure will diminish sales or fundamentally change the character of their neighborhoods. Using the case of San Francisco, this research explores the relationship between bicycle infrastructure and business performance in two ways: change in sales over time, and a comparison of sales for new and existing businesses. An ordinary least squares regression is used to model the change in sales over time, isolating the effect of location on bicycle infrastructure while controlling for characteristics of the business, corridor, and surrounding neighborhood. Through a series of t-tests, average sales for businesses that pre-date bicycle infrastructure and for those that opened after the installation of such projects are compared. Ultimately, the research suggests that location on bicycle infrastructure and changes in on-street parking supply generally did not have a significant effect on the change in sales, with a few exceptions. Businesses that sell goods for the home or auto-related goods and services saw a significant decline in sales when located on corridors with bike lanes. New and existing businesses generally had similar sales, though not across the board. New restaurants and grocery stores had significantly higher sales than their existing counterparts, suggesting bicycle infrastructure may attract more upmarket businesses in those industries.

Another Paradox? The Life Satisfaction of Older Hispanic Immigrants in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Calvo ◽  
Dawn C. Carr ◽  
Christina Matz-Costa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hispanic Immigrants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Resources ◽  
Hispanic White

Objective: To investigate disparities in life satisfaction among older Hispanic immigrants in the United States relative to their native-born Hispanic and non-Hispanic White counterparts, and to identify factors associated with such disparities. Method: Cross-sectional data from 9,798 individuals age 60 and above from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used to estimate ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models. Results: Hispanic immigrants reported the highest levels of life satisfaction of all groups. Wealthier older adults, who were socially engaged, had social support, and experienced fewer functional limitations and lower exposure to discrimination, were more satisfied with their lives in the overall sample. Interaction effects revealed that although education was associated with greater life satisfaction only among non-Hispanic Whites, co-residing with children was associated with greater life satisfaction only among Hispanics. Discussion: Although older Hispanic immigrants had the least amount of socioeconomic resources of all groups in our study, they were the most satisfied with their lives. Possible explanations and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Advocating for Structural Change? Exploring the Advocacy Activities of Immigrant-Serving Organizations in an Unwelcoming Policy Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Roth ◽  
Seo Yeon Park ◽  
Breanne Grace
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Service Organizations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Advocacy ◽  
Social Service Organizations ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact

The growth of the immigrant population in the United States has prompted a recent increase in the number of restrictive immigration policies at the state and local levels. The literature on policy advocacy and social service organizations suggests that these local providers can engage in political activities that challenge the restrictive nature of these contexts. This qualitative study explored how immigrant-serving social service organizations engage in policy advocacy in a state with restrictive, anti-immigrant policies. In-depth interviews with directors of 50 service providers in South Carolina clearly indicate a tension between the need for policy advocacy and the risks associated with engaging in such activities. Fifty percent (50%) of the providers in our sample reported engaging in some form of policy advocacy. However, their policy advocacy activities were often indirect, non-confrontational, and episodic. Most were engaged in coalitions and other forms of indirect advocacy tactics. We discuss implications for the social work profession and recommendations for future research, including the need to further explore the impact of policy advocacy efforts on changing the policy landscape in places that are unwelcoming to immigrants.

scholarly journals Spatial Variation in Very Preterm Birth to Hispanic Women Across the United States: The Role of Intensified Immigration Enforcement

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. 333-344
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn K. Stanhope ◽  
Shakira F. Suglia ◽  
Carol J.R. Hogue ◽  
Juan S. Leon ◽  
Dawn L. Comeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
County Level ◽  
Immigration Enforcement ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Very Preterm Birth ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Limited existing research suggests that immigration climate and enforcement practices represent a social determinant of health for immigrants, their families, and communities. However, national research on the impact of specific policies is limited. The goal of this article is to estimate the effect of county-level participation in a 287(g) immigration enforcement agreement on very preterm birth (VPTB, <32 weeks’ gestation) rates between 2005-2016 among US-born and foreign-born Hispanic women across the United States.Methods: We fit spatial Bayesian models to estimate the effect of local participa­tion in a 287(g) program on county VPTB rates, accounting for variation by mater­nal nativity, county ethnic density, and controlling for individual specific Hispanic background and nativity and county-level confounders.Results: While there was no global ef­fect of county participation in a 287(g) program on county VPTB rates, rates were slightly increased in some counties, primarily in the Southeast (Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina).Future Directions: Future research should consider the mechanisms through which immigration policies and enforce­ment may impact health of both immi­grants and wider communities.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(Suppl 1):333-344; doi:10.18865/ed.31.S1.333

Quantile Regression Analysis and Other Alternatives to Ordinary Least Squares Regression

Methodology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Haupt ◽  
Friedrich Lösel ◽  
Mark Stemmler
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Prevention Project ◽  
Quantile Regression Analysis

Data analyses by classical ordinary least squares (OLS) regression techniques often employ unrealistic assumptions, fail to recognize the source and nature of heterogeneity, and are vulnerable to extreme observations. Therefore, this article compares robust and non-robust M-estimator regressions in a statistical demonstration study. Data from the Erlangen-Nuremberg Development and Prevention Project are used to model risk factors for physical punishment by fathers of 485 elementary school children. The Corporal Punishment Scale of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire was the dependent variable. Fathers’ aggressiveness, dysfunctional parent-child relations, various other parenting characteristics, and socio-demographic variables served as predictors. Robustness diagnostics suggested the use of trimming procedures and outlier diagnostics suggested the use of robust estimators as an alternative to OLS. However, a quantile regression analysis provided more detailed insights beyond the measures of central tendency and detected sources of considerable heterogeneity in the risk structure of father’s corporal punishment. Advantages of this method are discussed with regard to methodological and content issues.

Community policing and the organizational structure of campus law enforcement agencies

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherah L. Basham
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Community Policing ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Campus Law Enforcement ◽  
Reported Crime

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which community policing within campus law enforcement agencies is influenced by the organizational structure, agency characteristics and campus characteristics.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilizes ordinary least squares regression modeling to examine community policing implementation. Data were drawn from a sample of 242 US colleges and universities included in the 2011–2012 Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) Survey of Campus Law Enforcement Agencies (SCLEA).FindingsFindings show that within-campus law enforcement agencies, greater levels of community policing are associated with more formalization, larger numbers of employees, a higher task scope and higher rates of on-campus property crime.Research limitations/implicationsUse of secondary data and reported crime rate limits the study. Future research should implement specialized surveys and qualitative methods to identify the specific needs and implementations of community policing.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the limited body of literature on the community policing in campus law enforcement through more recent data and the inclusion of campus community variables.

scholarly journals Female disability disadvantage: a global perspective on sex differences in physical function and disability

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 1136-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
FELICIA V. WHEATON ◽  
EILEEN M. CRIMMINS
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Objectively Measured

ABSTRACTThe objectives were to determine whether women always fare more poorly in terms of physical function and disability across countries that vary widely in terms of their level of development, epidemiologic context and level of gender equality. Sex differences in self-reported and objective measures of disability and physical function were compared among older adults aged 55–85 in the United States of America, Taiwan, Korea, Mexico, China, Indonesia and among the Tsimane of Bolivia using population-based studies collected between 2001 and 2011. Data were analysed using logistic and ordinary least-squares regression. Confidence intervals were examined to see whether the effect of being female differed significantly between countries. In all countries, women had consistently worse physical functioning (both self-reported and objectively measured). Women also tended to report more difficulty with activities of daily living (ADL), although differences were not always significant. In general, sex differences across measures were less pronounced in China. In Korea, women had significantly lower grip strength, but sex differences in ADL difficulty were non-significant or even reversed. Education and marital status helped explain sex differences. Overall, there was striking similarity in the magnitude and direction of sex differences across countries despite considerable differences in context, although modest variations in the effect of sex were observed.

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