Balancing Tourism’s Economic Benefit and CO2 Emissions: An Insight from Input–Output and Tourism Satellite Account Analysis

To balance tourism’s economic benefit and environmental pollution, this paper proposes an analytical approach by using the input–output (IO) model and tourism satellite accounts (TSA). Four steps are taken: (1) the setting of system boundaries according to the combined IO and TSA database; (2) economic benefit estimation for tourism income, sectoral multipliers and inter-sector linkages; (3) environmental pollution estimation of direct and indirect CO2 emissions; and (4) a policy analysis to balance the economic benefit and CO2 emissions (in terms of reducing the CO2 emissions intensity) in tourism-related sectors. In the case of Beijing, some interesting insights can be obtained. Beijing’s tourism sectors experienced a fast economic growth and a clear decrease in CO2 emissions during 2007–2012, with the former having a greater absolute change rate (particularly for the shopping and sightseeing sectors). In all tourism sectors (except for transportation), the indirect CO2 emissions were over three times greater than the direct CO2 emissions. Transportation was a leading contributor to both the economic benefit (representing 91.65% of tourism income in 2012) and to environmental pollution (representing 38.75% of tourism-related CO2 emissions). The detailed findings regarding the industrial and energy structures offer insightful policies for a high-benefit and low-emissions development of tourism.

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The Potential For Economic Growth And Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction: Using Input-Output Framework

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202021401038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 214 ◽

pp. 01038

Author(s):

Lihao Sun ◽

Yuxiang Shen

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Economic Structure ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Heat Power ◽

Input Output ◽

Key Factor ◽

The Status ◽

Emissions Intensity

As people’s living standards continue to ameliorate, people become more and more demanding of the status of eco-environment, and carbon emissions are a key factor affecting the eco-environment. We analyze the carbon emissions intensity and carbon emissions potential of different sectors in China based on the input-output model. The results show that the sector of Production and Supply of Electric Power and Heat Power has the highest embodied carbon emissions intensity because the sector provides the country with necessary electricity and heat power for its economic growth. In addition, this paper determines the key carbon emissions sectors using elasticity method, and the results show that Construction is the most influential carbon emissions sector in the future. By restricting key carbon emissions sectors and encouraging the non-key carbon emissions sectors, we can take into account both economic development and carbon emissions reduction with the multi-objective model. The results show that under the present economic scale of China, carbon emissions can decrease from 11591 million ton to 11011 million ton, with a difference of 580 million ton. This indicates that with the assurance of present economic growth, we can achieve the goal of reducing carbon emissions by adjusting the economic structure. Based on results of this paper, we have also made recommendations for adjusting the economic structure to achieve emission reduction targets.

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Economic growth, openness, industry and CO2 modelling: are regulatory policies important in Turkish economies?

International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies ◽

10.1093/ijlct/ctaa070 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emine Kılavuz ◽

İbrahim Doğan

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Environmental Pollution ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Trade Openness ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Regulatory Policies ◽

Per Capita

Abstract As a result of economic growth, demand for energy increases as well as raw materials. The fact that energy sources are mostly fossil fuels has increased interest in causation between growth and environmental pollution. As global warming and climate changes gain importance in recent years, environmental pollution continues to be discussed in the economic literature. As Turkey’s economy grows rapidly, its increasing energy needs are often met with fossil fuels because they are cheaper than other options. This study analyzes the availability of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis, which analyzes an inverse U-shaped relation among carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita and output for Turkey in the period 1961–2018. The study used the autoregressive distributed lag to demonstrate the short- and long-term relationship between CO2 emissions per capita, real income per capita, industry and trade openness. The conclusions do confirm that there is a quadratic relation between income and CO2 emissions, supporting EKC relation in the long term. The results also demonstrate that the CO2, which is a major component of greenhouse gases, are mainly specified by income in the long term and short term. The contribution of industry to CO2 is minimal in the long run, while trade openness does not have any effect.

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The Relationship Between CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth in Turkey

ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT & STORAGE ◽

10.52924/wosd3037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rumeysa Özden ◽

selahattin orhan Akansu ◽

Bilge Albayrak Çeper ◽

Nafiz Kahraman

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Environmental Pollution ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Policy Makers ◽

The World ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth has recently been the focus of discussion between policy makers and scientists around the world. The relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth has recently been the focus of discussion between policy makers and scientists around the world. In order to meet human needs, energy is needed in the activities to be carried out and the demand for this energy has increased exponentially over the years. Today, energy is produced from two sources: fossil fuels and renewable resources. Turkey renewable energy resources, particularly hydropower, wind energy, solar energy and are a country with significant potential for geothermal energy sources. Compared to fossil fuels, the carbon emissions from renewable energy sources are low. CO2 emissions from the use of fossil fuels vary depending on the type of fossil fuel used. In this study, the energy sector between Turkey's 1990-2016year, agricultural activities and carbon emissions per person from industrial processes and the per capita change in the manufacturing sector with the relationship between GDP energy imports, health care costs have been analysed.

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Modelling the nonlinear relationship between co2 emissions and energy consumption: new evidence on the role of economic growth

ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT ◽

10.3280/efe2015-001005 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 59-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raheem Ibrahim Dolapo ◽

Kazeem O. Isah

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Nonlinear Relationship ◽

New Evidence

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Uneven Decoupling

Sociology of Development ◽

10.1525/sod.2019.5.4.410 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 410-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ryan P. Thombs ◽

Xiaorui Huang

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Ecological Modernization ◽

Climate Mitigation ◽

Data Limitations ◽

Treadmill Of Production ◽

Global North ◽

Organization Of Production ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

The macro-comparative decoupling literature has often sought to test the arguments made by the treadmill of production (TP) and ecological modernization (EM) theories. However, due to data limitations, these studies have been limited to analyzing the years after 1960. Given that both theories discuss historical processes operating before 1960, analyzing pre-1960 data is warranted to more comprehensively test the propositions made by both theories. We assess the long-term relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions from 1870 to 2014 using a sample of global North nations. We use Prais-Winsten regression models with time interactions to assess whether, when, and how much CO2 emissions have decoupled from economic growth over time. We find that significant relative decoupling has occurred twice since 1870: during the last 30 years of the nineteenth century, the timing of which is contrary to what both the EM and TP theories might expect, and after 1970. We also observe that the relationship remained relatively stable from the turn of the twentieth century to approximately 1970, which aligns with the arguments made by the classical TP work. We conclude that shifts in the global organization of production have shaped the magnitude of the economic growth–CO2 emissions relationship and its changes over time, which has implications for climate mitigation policy.

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The Relationship between Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions and the Effects of Energy Consumption on CO2 Emission Patterns in Nigerian Economy

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2148916 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anietie Vincent Essien

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

The Relationship

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Economic Development, CO2 Emissions and Energy Use Nexus-Evidence from the Danube Region Countries

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14113165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3165

Author(s):

Eva Litavcová ◽

Jana Chovancová

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Bounds Testing ◽

Mutual Cooperation ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run ◽

Danube Region ◽

The Impact

The aim of this study is to examine the empirical cointegration, long-run and short-run dynamics and causal relationships between carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in 14 Danube region countries over the period of 1990–2019. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing methodology was applied for each of the examined variables as a dependent variable. Limited by the length of the time series, we excluded two countries from the analysis and obtained valid results for the others for 26 of 36 ARDL models. The ARDL bounds reliably confirmed long-run cointegration between carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Austria, Czechia, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Economic growth and energy consumption have a significant impact on carbon emissions in the long-run in all of these four countries; in the short-run, the impact of economic growth is significant in Austria. Likewise, when examining cointegration between energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth in the short-run, a significant contribution of CO2 emissions on energy consumptions for seven countries was found as a result of nine valid models. The results contribute to the information base essential for making responsible and informed decisions by policymakers and other stakeholders in individual countries. Moreover, they can serve as a platform for mutual cooperation and cohesion among countries in this region.

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