scholarly journals Framework for a Systematic Parametric Analysis to Maximize Energy Output of PV Modules Using an Experimental Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad K. Najjar ◽  
Eduardo Linhares Qualharini ◽  
Ahmed W. A. Hammad ◽  
Dieter Boer ◽  
Assed Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
The Impact

Use of photovoltaic modules in buildings has been reported to be an effective tool in managing energy consumption. The novelty in the research herein is in a framework that integrates different performance parameters through the use of an experimental design to expect all variables via linear regression analysis. An emphasis is placed on making the method readily available to practitioners and experts in the area of renewable energy, using standard procedure and easily accessible software. This work empowers the decision-making process and sustainability through a parametric analysis of the installation of photovoltaic modules to increase their energy output towards nearly zero energy buildings. A case study of a group of photovoltaic modules is examined in four cities with different locations and climate data to validate the proposed framework. Results demonstrate that the installation of photovoltaic modules on the mounted roof is better than elevations, and the vertical installation of modules is the worst possible inclination to maximize the yielded energy. The impact of inclination is higher than orientation in influencing the energy productivity of photovoltaic modules. This work specifies integrating such modules mounted on roofs and elevations towards the equator line, by a proportion of inclination/latitude equal to 85 ± 3%, to maximize the energy output.

scholarly journals Energy and Greenhouse Gases Balances of Cotton Farming in Iran: A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Sami ◽  
Habib Reyhani
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
Ratio Energy

This study evaluated the impacts of cotton farming on the climate changes in terms of energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission indices. Energy consumption pattern and sensitivity of energy inputs were evaluated and share of each input in GHG emissions was determined in the form of direct and indirect emissions for cotton farms in Golestan province of Iran. The total energy input and energy output were calculated to be 34,424.19 and 41,496.67 MJ/ha respectively. The share of fertilizers by 45.0 % of total energy inputs was the highest. This was followed by energies of fuel (18.4 %) and irrigation (17.9 %) respectively. Fertilizers and fuels were also the biggest producers of GHGs in the farms with shares of 61.95 and 24.32 % of total GHGs emission. Energy ratio, energy balance, energy intensity and energy productivity were found as 1.21, 7,072.48 MJ/ha, 9.79 MJ/kg and 0.10 kg/MJ, respectively. Results of sensitivity analysis indicated that the cotton production was more sensitive to energies of seed and human labour than other inputs and an additional use of 1 MJ of each of these inputs would lead to a change in the yield by −0.75 and 0.73 kg/ha, respectively. The results also showed, in the process of cotton farming 897.80 and 1177.67 kg CO2 – equivalent of direct and indirect GHG were emitted per hectare respectively.

scholarly journals Impactul managementului disfagiei asupra calității vieții persoanelor cu accident vascular cerebral

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Raluca-Mariana Popa
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Management Of Dysphagia ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neurological Pathology ◽  
Attack Type

The objective of the following research is the investigation of the impact that management of dysphagia has upon quality of life in persons with neurological pathology of vascular cerebreal attack type. The group of participants in this study has 6 members with ages between 34 and 69, all suffering from a neurological pathology of VCA type or cranio-cerebreal trauma with direct implications on the swallowing process. This paper used case study methode as experimental design, the goal being to detect the impact that speach therapy has on the dysphagia, in the context of safety and quality of life. A series of instruments regarding clinical evaluation of dysphagia and quality of life in the context of VCA and dysphagia where been translated and adapted in the fallowing research.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICALLY BASED APPROACH TO COASTAL DEFENCE DESIGN AND PLANNING

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Zanuttigh ◽  
Inigo Losada ◽  
Richard Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
As Species ◽  
Hydrodynamic Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Sustainability of coastal areas requires the development of a standard procedure for the selection of equitable defence solutions and the design optimization of existing defences in order to minimize the impact on the environment and maximize positive effects such as species biodiversity and structure colonization. The aim of this paper is to propose a combined method, based on numerical simulations and on collection of ecological data in the field, to provide indications for an environmental friendly construction of breakwaters. This method is applied and tested against the case study of Elmer, UK, where information on existing species and their abundance related to hydrodynamic effects induced by the breakwaters

scholarly journals The Impact of Marketing Mix on Perceived Value, Destination Image and Loyalty of Tourists (Case Study: Khalkhal City, Iran)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeideh Esmaili ◽  
Nafiseh Rezaei ◽  
Reza Abbasi ◽  
Samane Eskandari
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Product Pricing ◽  
Place Promotion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between marketing mix with loyalty, perceived value, perceived quality and destination image. This is an applied descriptive study the aim of which is to determine the impact of marketing mix of services (Product, Pricing, Place, Promotion, People, Process and Physical Evidence) on perceived quality, loyalty, perceived value and destination image of the tourists in Khalkhal city, Iran. Population of the study included all the tourists visiting Khalkhal city from among whom 385 respondents participated in this study. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The conceptual model was analyzed based on linear regression analysis in SPSS software and model fitness was analyzed using LISERL software. Cronbach’s alpha of the questionnaire was equal to 0.791 that is higher than 0.7 and so reliability of the questionnaire was acceptable. Findings of the study showed that promotion, people and physical evidences had the highest effect on perceived value, destination image and perceived quality. Finally, some suggestions were provided for the managers of the tourism destinations to improve the perceived value and quality and also develop a proper destination image.

scholarly journals Energy use pattern analysis of rockmelon (Cucumis melo) production in Malaysia: a case study

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S5) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Liyana N.A. ◽  
D.E. Pebrian
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Use Pattern

Preservation of energy resources for crop production is a crucial act in an endeavour to make agriculture more sustainable. In response to that matter, this study aims to analyse and evaluate energy use pattern and its economic in rockmelon (Cucumis melo) production in Malaysian farms. Face-to-face interviews with the sampled farmers were employed to collect the data through a case study in Klang district, Selangor state of Malaysia. The collected data was then analysed using mathematical operations and spreadsheet software. The results indicated that the total energy inputs in rockmelon were 4475.62 MJ/ha. The highest portion, which accounted for 73.29% of the total energy inputs were consumed by fertilizers, while the lowest portion was used for seed (0.01%). The total energy inputs were formed from 85.12% indirect energy and 14.88% direct energy; and 85% non-renewable energy and 15% renewable energy. The net energy and energy productivity values were 11332.85 MJ/ha and 2.81 kg/MJ, respectively. The farmers gained 29.94% profit margin from their farms business. The ratio of energy output -inputs in rockmelon production was 5.34. As the ratio was much greater than 1, thus, conclusively, the energy inputs used by the farmers in the process of rockmelon production was highly efficient.

scholarly journals A Class of Numerical Algorithm for Impact Degree Assessment of Emergency Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yuwen Chang ◽  
Yifan Gao ◽  
Jiexin Yi ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Changbo Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Numerical Method ◽  
Numerical Algorithm ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Variation Pattern ◽  
Evolution Path ◽  
Emergency Systems ◽  
The Impact

A standard procedure for the evaluation of emergency impact is developed, concentrating on variation of the impact degree. A numerical method is presented in this paper. The concepts of impact depth and impact width are introduced to assess the impact degree, and both of which determine the evolution path of impact. Based on the variation pattern of impact depth, the evolution path could be divided into rising stage, plateau stage, and recession stage, and path of each stage could be expressed in terms of specified functions. The major goal of this procedure is to measure the emergency impact and make predictions for the consequences. In the case study, we applied this procedure to the analysis of the impact caused by 3.11 earthquake in Japan and demonstrated the algorithm's effectiveness and feasibility. Although this methodology shows improvement in quantitative analysis of the emergency impact, the accuracy of the impact path and the derivative effect of secondary derivative events are issues that yet to be further studied.

scholarly journals Influence of variability in the amount of inflow wastewater pollution concentration in small sewer system (case study)

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 00028
Author(s):  
Karolina Kurek ◽  
Piotr Bugajski ◽  
Agnieszka Operacz ◽  
Paulina Śliz ◽  
Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pollution Indicators ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
Wastewater Pollution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Raw Wastewater

The aim of study was the analyze of the impact of hydraulic load on the changes in the concentration of pollution indicators in raw sewage in years 2009-2014 in the small wastewater treatment plant. Qualitative analysis for raw sewage was included three parameters: total suspension solid, BOD and COD. The characteristics relation between the concentration of pollution indicators in raw sewage (depend variable) from the hydraulic load(independent variable) was presented by the Pearson linear correlation. In the 6 year study period were collected 32 samples of raw wastewater. Based on the result of linear regression analysis, showed that along with the increasing amount of wastewater in the sewer decrease the concentration of pollutions in raw wastewater. For total suspension solid, increase by 1 m3 of quantity of raw sewage inflowing to wastewater treatment plant, causes a decrease in the concentration of this indicator by 0,53 g·m-3. For the both organic indicators (BOD and COD), the was found that an increase of 1 m3 the amount of raw sewage inflowing to wastewater treatment plant, caused a decrease of 0,75 gO2·m-3 BOD value and 0,66 gO2·m-3 COD value in raw sewage.

scholarly journals Integrating Parametric Analysis with Building Information Modeling to Improve Energy Performance of Construction Projects

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad K. Najjar ◽  
Vivian W. Y. Tam ◽  
Leandro Torres Di Gregorio ◽  
Ana Catarina Jorge Evangelista ◽  
Ahmed W. A. Hammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
The Impact

Buildings demand a significant amount of energy during their life cycles, hence, effective design measures need to be adopted to ensure efficient energy usage and management in buildings. This study proposes a framework based on various performance parameters to enable decision-makers utilizing standard procedures and software to empower the process of sustainable energy use and management in buildings, through a parametric analysis in different climatic conditions. Experimental design is adopted within the framework via the use of various performance parameters related to the building design (i.e., construction materials for exterior walls and roofs, as well as a set of window-to-wall ratios). Results indicate that climate data plays a fundamental role in the choice of design factors that are best suited for effective energy consumption in buildings. In particular, sub-type climate classifications, as opposed to the primary climate group, have a minor influence. Around 15% improvement in the energy consumption in buildings is noticed due to changes to the design factor such as the window-to-wall ratio. Insights that can be gleaned from this study include the impact of space area, exterior openings and material thickness and choice for the envelope of the building in all climate classifications, aiding in the design of low-energy buildings.

scholarly journals Identification of Shift in Sowing and Harvesting Dates of Rice Crop (L. Oryza sativa) through Remote Sensing Techniques: A Case Study of Larkana District

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3586
Author(s):  
Vipin Kumar Oad ◽  
Xiaohua Dong ◽  
Muhammad Arfan ◽  
Vicky Kumar ◽  
Muhammad Salman Mohsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Landsat Satellite ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
The Impact

The present study aimed to determine the impact of climate variability on rice crops in terms of sowing and harvesting dates and crop period. The identification of sowing and harvesting dates were spotted by mask identification, variations in land surface temperature (LST) on a temporal scale in the respective months, and a field-level social inquiry. The study was conducted during a time period (1994–2017), in which geo-referenced crop samples, farmer’s perception survey data, Landsat satellite images, and climate data of district Larkana were used. The analysis of satellite imageries revealed that on 20 June 1994, the rice was transplanted on 14.7% of the area of the region while it was only 7.1% of the area in 2017. Similarly, the area under rice crop in the first week of July 1994 was 18.3% compared to 8.15% during the same period in 2017. However, in the first week of October 2017, the rice crop was standing on 46.8% of the area while it was on 34.6% of the area during the year 1994 on the same date. This LST variation depicts a delay in the sowing and harvesting of the rice crop. This changing pattern is further confirmed through mean LST. Mean LST (°C) has been increasing in the sowing period of rice crop from 31.9 °C in June 1994 to 35.8 °C in June 2017, and from 32.8 °C in July 1994 to 36.8 °C in July 2017. Furthermore, the LST decreased during the harvesting period of rice crop from 31 °C in October 1994 to 28.6 °C in October 2017. The present study quantifies a delay of 15–30 days in sowing and harvesting dates of the rice crop in the district due to climate variability.

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