scholarly journals Numerical Simulation and Spatial Distribution of Transportation Accessibility in the Regions Involved in the Belt and Road Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Shi ◽  
Zhen You ◽  
Zhiming Feng ◽  
Yanzhao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Western China ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Transportation Accessibility ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Classification Evaluation ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a Chinese strategy, proposed to strengthen the connectivity and cooperation among BRI countries. Under this circumstance, many transportation projects are planned to be carried out, which means the transportation accessibility evaluation is of significance in providing valuable suggestions for transportation construction. This research established a global transportation accessibility index (GTAI) model in the BRI region using raster data. Based on its gridded outputs, we conducted classification evaluation, autocorrelation analysis, and a geographical weighted regression model to explore the spatial characteristics of the GTAI distribution and its correlation with population density. The results show that: (1) most countries in Europe and the Middle East, western Russia, and eastern China enjoy high accessibility, while central regions (e.g., Central Asia and western China) have poor access to destinations; (2) the GTAI values are distributed as a spindle, where about 60% areas belong to the middle transportation accessibility region, mapped as a non-significant type; and (3) there is a positive relationship between transportation accessibility and population distribution, but their connection tends to be weaker as socioeconomic development increases. Finally, several policy implementations are provided: (1) give a priority to road or railway construction between China and Central Asian countries; (2) establish an innovative transportation system and introduce advanced technologies to enhance the exchange and cooperation among the BRI countries; (3) improve public transport management in well-developed regions, and introduce talents and strengthen transportation infrastructure construction in developing regions.

scholarly journals Does ‘The Belt and Road Initiative’ Promote the Economic Growth of Key Participating Provinces? Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Shan Gao ◽  
Maoguo Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Western China ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
West Central ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

As a new Chinese national strategy, ‘The Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative’ has attracted substantial interest with its broad development prospect and huge economic impetus. However, existing research is not comprehensive due to the limitation of specific industry and there are few empirical studies. This paper adopted the panel data of key participating provinces in China from 2008 to 2017 according to the China City Statistical Yearbook to fill in the research gap. Around the issue of whether the B&R initiative promotes the economic development of Chinese key participating provinces along the routes, this paper proposed three hypotheses and used DID, PSM-DID and DDD methods to study relevant factors and the influencing mechanism. The empirical results show that the B&R policy could promote the overall economic development of participants on the whole, despite a certain degree of policy effect lag. Moreover, after the division of geographical location and administrative level in the eastern and west-central regions of China, the study found that the B&R initiative has significantly facilitated the advancement of the economy in the west-central areas, especially the less developed regions. In addition, after the classification of marketization degree, it is found that the B&R policy has a greater promoting effect on regions with high marketization degree than those with low marketization degree. Through the mechanism test, it is discovered that the tertiary industry is the main economic accelerator for growth in central and western China. Finally, based on the empirical results, this paper provided policy suggestions to further implement the B&R strategy.

scholarly journals Envisioning the Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on Regional Labor Markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenshan Yang ◽  
Xunhaoyue Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
National Level ◽  
Western China ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Deviation Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Belt And Road

Using trade and labor-force data of the western provinces from 1994, this study empirically proved the existence of a long-running equilibrium between foreign trade and labor size in western China. By constructing a vector autoregressive model, the results show that the “opening toward the west” policy increased western China’s import and export, both of which attracted an inflow of labor force. After analyzing the numerical effect, a Shift-Share Analysis (SSA) and an analysis of the deviation degree of industrial structure are conducted, to measure the possible structural changes in the labor force. We find that manufacturing in the western provinces is comparatively more advantageous than manufacturing at the national level, which theoretically calls for a huge labor demand. Agriculture presents a contrasting result. This result is consistent with the results of the deviation degree analysis. In conclusion, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has changed the trade patterns, and it has enhanced the comparative advantages of western China and it is expected to bring about changes in both the number and the structure of the local labor force, and it provides new impetus for the region’s development.

scholarly journals Analyzing Pakistan’s Geoeconomic and Geopolitical Importance to BRI

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Gholizadeh ◽  
Seyed Ashkan Madani ◽  
Saba Saneinia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Western China ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

The "Belt and Road" initiative (BRI) has built a bridge linking China with countries along the belt and road. BRI related issues are no longer an abstract debate, as many projects have been implementing or even have been completed in recent years. Pakistan, as a traditional friendly neighbor of China, has actively participated in the initiative, providing new opportunities for bilateral economic cooperation. With its China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), Pakistan plays a vital pivot. It becomes a lynchpin of BRI as CPEC connects important sea routes to western China, which is surrounded by land. This article, therefore, is an analysis of Pakistan’s role in the Chinese initiative, including geo-economic and geopolitical importance of Pakistan for China, and the importance of Gwadar port for China and projects of CPEC in Pakistan. Unlike current debates which usually conceptualized BRI in a hegemonic, mercantilism, or economic starcrafts context, this study finds the importance of geography and economic security concepts for both Pakistan and China as influential factors along with other factors.

scholarly journals SPATIOTEMPORAL PATTERNS AND ITS INSTABILITY OF LAND USE CHANGE IN FIVE CHINESE NODE CITIES OF THE BELT AND ROAD

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W7 ◽  
pp. 1327-1339
Author(s):  
B. Quan ◽  
T. Guo ◽  
P. L. Liu ◽  
H. G. Ren
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Western China ◽  
East Central ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

It has long recognized that there exists three different terrain belt in China, i.e. east, central, and west can have very different impacts on the land use changes. It is therefore better understand how spatiotemporal patterns linked with processes and instability of land use change are evolving in China across different regions. This paper compares trends of the similarities and differences to understand the spatiotemporal characteristics and the linked processes i.e. states, incidents and instability of land use change of 5 Chinese cities which are located in the nodes of The Silk Road in China. The results show that on the whole, the more land transfer times and the more land categories involved changes happens in Quanzhou City, one of eastern China than those in central and western China. Basically, cities in central and western China such as Changsha, Kunming and Urumuqi City become instable while eastern city like Quanzhou City turns to be stable over time.

The Belt and Road Initiative and Sino-Russian economic cooperation: Is there one more chance for us?

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-71
Author(s):  
Petr M. Mozias
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
The One ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Current Stage

China’s Belt and Road Initiative could be treated ambiguously. On the one hand, it is intended to transform the newly acquired economic potential of that country into its higher status in the world. China invites a lot of nations to build up gigantic transit corridors by joint efforts, and doing so it applies productively its capital and technologies. International transactions in RMB are also being expanded. But, on the other hand, the Belt and Road Initiative is also a necessity for China to cope with some evident problems of its current stage of development, such as industrial overcapacity, overdependence on imports of raw materials from a narrow circle of countries, and a subordinate status in global value chains. For Russia participation in the Belt and Road Initiative may be fruitful, since the very character of that project provides us with a space to manoeuvre. By now, Russian exports to China consist primarily of fuels and other commodities. More active industrial policy is needed to correct this situation . A flexible framework of the Belt and Road Initiative is more suitable for this objective to be achieved, rather than traditional forms of regional integration, such as a free trade zone.

Belt and Road Initiative: Analysis of Possible Effects on Nigeria’s Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 20475-20182
Author(s):  
Ige Ayokunle O ◽  
Akingbesote A.O
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Economic ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
International Economic Cooperation ◽  
R Project ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road initiative is an important attempt by China to sustain its economic growth, by exploring new forms of international economic cooperation with new partners. Even though the B&R project is not the first attempt at international cooperation, it is considered as the best as it is open in nature and does not exclude interested countries. This review raised and answered three questions of how the B&R project will affect Nigeria’s economy?  How will it affect the relationship between Nigeria and China? What could go wrong?, The review concluded that Nigeria can only benefit positively from the project.

The Belt and Road Initiative: Goals and Challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Adnan Khalaf i Hammed Al-Badrani ◽  
Hind Ziyad Nafeih
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Ancient Silk Road ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative is an initiative to revive the ancient Silk Road, through networks of land and sea roads, oil and gas pipelines, electric power lines, the Internet and airports, to create a model of regional and international cooperation.       It is essentially a long-term development strategy, launched by the Chinese president in 2013 to become the main engine of Chinese domestic policy and foreign diplomacy and within the framework of the soft power strategy, to enhance its position and influence in the world as a peaceful and responsible country.   The study includes identifying the initiative and setting goals for China, as well as the challenges and difficulties that hinder the initiative.

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