scholarly journals Identifying Urban Flood Regulation Priority Areas in Beijing Based on an Ecosystem Services Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2297
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Li ◽  
Wenhui Kuang ◽  
Fengyun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Reduction Ratio ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Priority Index ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Flood Regulation

Climate change and rapid urbanization have severe impacts on urban flood regulation ecosystem services (UFRES). Quantifying the UFRES has attracted increasing attention for urban sustainable development. However, few studies have focused on how to identify urban flood regulation priority areas. In this study, we simulated urban surface runoff by using the soil conservation services-curve number model, and quantified UFRES supply and demand by using relative indicators (i.e., runoff reduction ratio and urban vulnerability) at the subdistrict scale in Beijing, China. Then, an urban flood regulation priority index was developed by integrating UFRES demand and supply, and further used to identify priority areas. The results show that the mean runoff reduction ratio in Beijing decreased from 38.70% (for a 1-year rainfall return period) to 24.74% (for a 100-year rainfall return period). Subdistricts with low UFRES supply were mainly located in the urban central area and the southeastern zone, while subdistricts with high UFRES demand were mainly located in the urban central region. Meanwhile, places with high priority for flood regulation were mainly located in the inner city, and low priority areas were mainly located in northwestern, southwestern, and northeastern Beijing. Our results also imply that the urban flood regulation priority index is an effective indicator to identify urban flood regulation priority areas. These findings could provide urban planners with a comprehensive understanding of UFRES and scientific guidance to improve them.

scholarly journals Evaluating the performance of low impact development practices in urban runoff mitigation through distributed and combined implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1506-1520
Author(s):  
Sina Samouei ◽  
Mehmet Özger
Keyword(s):  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Hydrologic Response ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Runoff Reduction

Abstract Rapid urbanization and increasing impervious surfaces in cities lead to a serious reduction in infiltration rate of the surface and cause challenges in stormwater management. The Low Impact Development (LID) concept is considered as a potential solution for sustainable urban growth by contributing in urban flood mitigation. However, its effects on hydrologic response of the urbanized catchments, especially in broad scale implementation, are not fully understood and practically examined. In this study a hydrologic-hydraulic model of a small catchment was developed in EPA storm water management model (SWMM) program and calibrated and validated through field measurements. The hydrologic response of the catchment was investigated after replacing proportions of impervious surfaces with combinations of LID practices such as green roof, permeable pavement and bio-retention cell, through four land cover conversion scenarios and under five different designed storm events. The simulation results which are derived by comparison of outflow hydrographs between each scenario and conventional drainage system indicated that implementing 5–20% of LIDs has a noticeable impact on runoff peak flow and volume reduction, especially in storm events with shorter return periods. Also the runoff reduction trends show a linear response due to the increase in LID implementation ratio in the study area.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Urban Floods Based on a SWMM-MIKE21-Coupled Model Using GF-2 Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4381
Author(s):  
Lidong Zhao ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Jun Fu ◽  
Jianzhu Li ◽  
Zhengxiong Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Inundation Depth

Global climate change and rapid urbanization have caused increases in urban floods. Urban flood risk assessment is a vital method for preventing and controlling such disasters. This paper takes the central region of Cangzhou city in Hebei Province as an example. Detailed topographical information, such as the buildings and roads in the study area, was extracted from GF-2 data. By coupling the two models, the SWMM and MIKE21, the spatial distribution of the inundation region, and the water depth in the study area under different return periods, were simulated in detail. The results showed that, for the different return periods, the inundation region was generally consistent. However, there was a large increase in the mean inundation depth within a 10-to-30-year return period, and the increase in the maximum inundation depth and inundation area remained steady. The comprehensive runoff coefficient in all of the scenarios exceeded 0.8, indicating that the drainage system in the study area is insufficient and has a higher flood risk. The flood risk of the study area was evaluated based on the damage curve, which was obtained from field investigations. The results demonstrate that the loss per unit area was less than CNY 250/m2 in each return period in the majority of the damaged areas. Additionally, the total loss was mainly influenced by the damaged area, but, in commercial areas, the total loss was highly sensitive to the inundation depth.

scholarly journals Application of Frequency Analysis on Peak River Discharge toward the Cumulative Floatable Litter Load at Log Boom Sungai Batu

2019 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Nur Khaliesah Abdul Malik ◽  
Nor Rohaizah Jamil ◽  
Latifah Abd Manaf ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Rosli ◽  
Zulfa Hanan Ash’aari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Return Period ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Period 2

The accumulation of floatable litter in the river is mainly influenced by the increasing number of human population, rapid urbanization and development which indirectly lead to the changes of hydrological processes in river discharge, decreasing the water quality and aesthetical value of the river. The main objective of this paper is to determine the cumulative floatable litter load captured at the log boom during the extreme events by using the Gumbel distribution method for frequency analysis in river discharge of Sungai Batu. The annual maximum river discharge for a period of 35 years (1982 to 2016) was used in Gumbel distribution method to obtain the discharge for different return period (2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200). The result shows that the estimated discharge (103.17 m³/s) can estimate the cumulative floatable litter load (53267.27 kg/day) at 50 years return period. The R2 value obtained from non – linear regression analysis is 0.9986 indicate that Gumbel distribution is suitable to predict the expected discharge of the river. This study is very crucial for the related agencies in highlighting this environmental issues for their future references which can be used as a guidelines during the decision making process in making better improvement.

Determination of conservation priority areas in Qinghai Tibet Plateau based on ecosystem services

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 553-566
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Xiaofeng Wang ◽  
Lichang Yin ◽  
Xiaoming Feng ◽  
Chaowei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

scholarly journals A Framework for Assessing Instream Supporting Ecosystem Services Based on Hydroecological Modelling

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikhululekile Ncube ◽  
Annie Visser ◽  
Lindsay Beevers
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Water Resources Planning ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Flood Regulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resources Planning

River systems provide diverse ecosystem services (ES), such as flood regulation (regulating), fresh water (provisioning), nutrient cycling (supporting), and recreation (cultural), among others. The construction of infrastructure (e.g., for hydropower, irrigation) enhances the delivery of tangible ES for example food or energy (generally provisioning) to meet human needs. However, the resulting change to river flows threatens both the ecological health of a river and its ability to provide intangible but vital ES, for example those which support the delivery of other services. Understanding these supporting ES processes in river systems is essential to fully recognise the impact of water resources development on ES delivery. Whilst approaches for assessing instream supporting ES are under development, to date few provide quantitative methods for assessing delivery. Thus, this paper sets out a framework for the assessment of instream supporting ES using hydroecological modelling. It links supporting ES delivery to fluvial hydrological indicators through the use of ecologically relevant hydrological indices and macroinvertebrate flow preferences. The proposed framework is demonstrated on the Beas River basin (Western Himalayas, India), and is flexible enough to be transferred to a basin-wide model, thereby allowing ES relationships to be accounted for in basin-wide water resources planning.

scholarly journals Spatial–Temporal Impacts of Urban Sprawl on Ecosystem Services: Implications for Urban Planning in The Process of Rapid Urbanization

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1210
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Gulinaer Suoerdahan ◽  
Zhenyu Shi ◽  
Zihan Xing ◽  
Yongxing Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Study Region

Rapid urbanization drives land cover change, affecting urban ecosystems and inducing serious environmental issues. The study region of Changchun, China was divided into three urbanization categories according to different urbanization levels and the characteristics of urban sprawl and changes and relationships between typical ecosystem services (ESs) under rapid urbanization were analysed. The results showed that Changchun has undergone considerable urban expansion since 2000, which has significantly impacted all ESs in terms of spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Habitat suitability and crop yield have relatively stronger service capacity in the study area. Since the expansion of large-scale infrastructures, the mean ES values of developed urban areas are the lowest among the three zones, except for water retention and sandstorm prevention in 2015, when the balance between all services decreased. Over the past 16 years, habitat suitability in developing urban areas has decreased to a large extent due to urban sprawl. Because of the improvement in agricultural science and technology, crop yield in three regions increased, while the area of cropland reduced from 1720 km2 to 1560 km2 (9.3%). Synergies between habitat suitability and carbon storage and habitat suitability and soil retention were detected in three areas. A trade-off between habitat suitability and water retention was detected in three areas. The interactions between crop yield and carbon storage, habitat suitability, and soil retention were more complex in this study region. In addition to water retention, urbanization index has a negative correlation with ESs. According to the results, some suggestions to alleviate ES loss during the process of rapid urbanization were proposed, which may guide scientific urban planning for sustainable urban development.

scholarly journals Future Impacts of Land Use Change on Ecosystem Services under Different Scenarios in the Ecological Conservation Area, Beijing, China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzheng Li ◽  
Xiaoqin Cheng ◽  
Hairong Han
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ecological Conservation ◽  
Flood Regulation

Ecosystem services (ES), defined as benefits provided by the ecosystem to society, are essential to human well-being. However, it remains unclear how they will be affected by land-use changes due to lack of knowledge and data gaps. Therefore, understanding the response mechanism of ecosystem services to land-use change is critical for developing systematic and sound land planning. In this study, we aimed to explore the impacts of land-use change on the three ecosystem services, carbon storage (CS), flood regulation (FR), and soil conservation (SC), in the ecological conservation area of Beijing, China. We first projected land-use changes from 2015 to 2030, under three scenarios, i.e., Business as Usual (BAU), Ecological Land Protection (ELP), and Rapid Economic Development (RED), by interactively integrating the Markov model (Quantitative simulation) with the GeoSOS-FLUS model (Spatial arrangement), and then quantified the three ecosystem services by using a spatially explicit InVEST model. The results showed that built-up land would have the most remarkable growth during 2015–2030 under the RED scenario (2.52% increase) at the expense of cultivated and water body, while forest land is predicted to increase by 152.38 km2 (1.36% increase) under the ELP scenario. The ELP scenario would have the highest amount of carbon storage, flood regulation, and soil conservation, due to the strict protection policy on ecological land. The RED scenario, in which a certain amount of cultivated land, water body, and forest land is converted to built-up land, promotes soil conservation but triggers greater loss of carbon storage and flood regulation capacity. The conversion between land-use types will affect trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services, in which carbon storage would show significant positive correlation with soil conservation through the period of 2015 to 2030, under all scenarios. Together, our results provide a quantitative scientific report that policymakers and land managers can use to identify and prioritize the best practices to sustain ecosystem services, by balancing the trade-offs among services.

scholarly journals Addressing Challenges of Urban Water Management in Chinese Sponge Cities via Nature-Based Solutions

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2788
Author(s):  
Yunfei Qi ◽  
Faith Ka Shun Chan ◽  
Colin Thorne ◽  
Emily O’Donnell ◽  
Carlotta Quagliolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Competing Priorities

Urban flooding has become a serious issue in most Chinese cities due to rapid urbanization and extreme weather, as evidenced by severe events in Beijing (2012), Ningbo (2013), Guangzhou (2015), Wuhan (2016), Shenzhen (2019), and Chongqing (2020). The Chinese “Sponge City Program” (SCP), initiated in 2013 and adopted by 30 pilot cities, is developing solutions to manage urban flood risk, purify stormwater, and provide water storage opportunities for future usage. Emerging challenges to the continued implementation of Sponge Cities include (1) uncertainty regarding future hydrological conditions related to climate change projections, which complicates urban planning and designing infrastructure that will be fit for purpose over its intended operating life, and (2) the competing priorities of stakeholders and their reluctance to make trade-offs, which obstruct future investment in the SCP. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) is an umbrella concept that emerged from Europe, which encourages the holistic idea of considering wider options that combine “Blue–Green” practices with traditional engineering to deliver “integrated systems of Blue–Green–Grey infrastructure”. NBS includes interventions making use of natural processes and ecosystem services for functional purposes, and this could help to improve current pilot SCP practices. This manuscript reviews the development of the SCP, focusing on its construction and design aspects, and discusses how approaches using NBS could be included in the SCP to tackle not only urban water challenges but also a wide range of social and environmental challenges, including human health, pollution (via nutrients, metals, sediments, plastics, etc.), flood risk, and biodiversity.

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