scholarly journals Integrating Different Data Sources to Address Urban Security in Informal Areas. The Case Study of Kibera, Nairobi

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca De Filippi ◽  
Grazia Giulia Cocina ◽  
Chiara Martinuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Security ◽  
Architecture And Design

Nowadays, levels of crime and violence appear to be much higher in large cities in developing countries. This is the result of several factors, such as: the speed of urbanization, the inability of cities to provide sufficient infrastructure and the widening disparities in income and access to housing and services. These levels of inequality can have negative consequences from a social, economic and political point of view, with a destabilizing impact on societies and higher risks for the most disadvantaged people, especially those living in informal settlements. The paper presents the results of a study carried out by the Authors at the Department of Architecture and Design of the Polytechnic of Turin. Urban security is investigated in the context of Kibera slum (Nairobi) through the integration of two different tools, namely Participatory Mapping and Space Syntax. The research analyses the relation between criminal activities and the spatial and configurational features of the street network, with the aim to highlight some key environmental factors to take into consideration while constructing the new road Missing link #12. Specifically, the research identifies and studies seven parameters from the literature review: integration, illumination, vitality and diversity, visibility, active facades, territoriality and maintenance and image. The findings show that urban planning and design strongly impact crime occurrence. The crime hot-spots’ distribution in Kibera depends on the simultaneous interrelation of multiple components in the space.

scholarly journals Measuring of Subjective and Objective Aesthetics in Planning and Urban Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1557-1568
Author(s):  
Nadia A. Al-Salam ◽  
Ahmed A. Al-Jaberi ◽  
Ahmed S. Al-Khafaji
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Form Versus ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
Subjective Aspect

The article includes the concept of aesthetics through what has been dealt with in the literature by philosophers and researchers who have addressed this concept in an attempt to derive indicators of aesthetics. The article adopted a descriptive and analytical methodology by reviewing recent literature on the concept of aesthetics and its relation to urban planning and design issues. Many subjective and objective aesthetics indicators have been identified, some of which are classified under real aesthetics, and some under fake aesthetics. The indicators were applied to the Kufa Mosque complex and Sahla Mosque complex as a comparative case study. It was found that the indicators of real aesthetics have a higher weight in determining the final aesthetic judgment on the complex form versus the fake indicators, which in turn reinforced the weighting of the subjective aspect over the objective. This was consistent with the answer to the question directed to the sample about which complexes are more aesthetic. The answer was that the Kufa Mosque complex is most aesthetically. This was proven by the questions directed in the questionnaire, which outweighed the real aesthetic indicators for the Kufa Mosque complex. As for the results of analyzing the indicators of fake aesthetic were equal, as each complex achieved higher values in three indicators. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091743 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Historical Places and Identity of the Cities: Khuzam Palace Museum, Jeddah

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Marwa Abouhassan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Jeddah City ◽  
The Past ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Physical Elements

Place identity refers to a cluster of ideas about identity and place in the fields of geography, urban planning, urban design, landscape architecture, and environmental psychology. Place identity has become a significant issue in the last 25 years in urban planning and design. Place identity concerns the meaning and significance of places for their inhabitants and users, and how these meanings contribute to individuals' conceptualizations of self. Place identity also relates to the context of mogdernity, history, and the politics of representation (Proshansky et al., 1995).Jeddah went through dramatic changes in the last 70 years after demolishing the old city wall and oil booming, which affected the identity, traditions, and lifestyle (Shiber, 1967). In order to eliminate the lack of city identity and change the people's attachment to Jeddah's new urban development, this paper will take Khuzam Palace Museum as a case study to express the relationship between the past and present in the city. The paper will have an analytical review of urban memory, place identity, and place attachment elements. At the end, the paper will set some recommendations to consider using and respecting the community memories from the past that related physical elements and social interaction that have to express into new forms of place-making in the future development to increase the identity and the sense of belonging in Jeddah city.

scholarly journals Assessing Quality of City Development by the Acquired Criteria of Landscape Urbanism

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Gintaras Stauskis ◽  
Vaiva Deveikienė
Keyword(s):  
Design Patterns ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
City Development ◽  
Recent Period ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Landscape Urbanism ◽  
Urban Planning And Design

Abstract We may see modern urbanism as a collection of many successful developments as well as a series of endless mistakes and repeated failures. The paper focuses on the analysis of existing and former urban planning and design patterns in aspect of efficiency of applied methods to achieve higher quality referring to the philosophy and practice of Landscape Urbanism. The Missionaries Block in Vilnius City serves as a case study for assessing its development in three distinguishable periods by the set of quality criteria derived from Landscape Urbanism theories and practices. The assessment results disclose an evident drop in the overall quality of the selected site’s development in the recent period. The paper discusses if and how one may use the method employed hereby for programming and shaping the future regeneration and redevelopment of existing urban setting.

scholarly journals Teaching method: ‘Integrative urban design game’ for soft urban regeneration

Spatium ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Mrdjenovic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design

Urban regeneration is challenged by contradictory process of globalization. This double-sided process can enrich local communities or leave them at margins of global society. Regarding globalization, most authorities claim that urban planning and design are in paradigm crisis. The crisis is an announcement for paradigm shift that is in contemporary theoretical and conceptual frameworks. They give hope for the ?light at the end of the tunnel?. Their common groundings are: ?soft and hard infrastructure?; ?agencies and structures?; ?power to?; ?new rationality?, ?common sense?; ?communicative action?; and ?integrative development?. The purpose of the research is to discuss possibilities of teaching method ?Integrative urban design game? for soft urban regeneration, elaborating it with respect to the crisis in specific context of building bridges among academia and local communities regarding various teaching approaches. The method was innovated at the Faculty of Architecture in Belgrade and tested in Bac community. The hypothesis is that the method provides soft infrastructure for urban regeneration in local communities. The research will result in a form of principles the game should be grounded on, using participative mimicry model of present and future place for overcoming paradigm crisis. Methodological approach is based on theoretical comparison, case study, and questionnaires among stakeholders.

scholarly journals A New Radiological Risk Containment Procedure in Potentially Contaminated Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Francesco Caridi ◽  
Giuseppe Paladini ◽  
Valentina Venuti ◽  
Salvatore Procopio ◽  
Michelangelo Iannone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Radiological Risk ◽  
The Road ◽  
Good State ◽  
Orphan Sources

A new radiological risk containment procedure, developed to manage the radiological risk in potentially contaminated areas, is presented here. This new methodological approach, systematically employed in sampling and site inspection activities in unknown areas from an environmental point of view, allowed the discovery of eight 226Ra orphan sources buried under the road surface, in a good state of conservation, in an industrial area of the Calabrian territory, southern Italy, and they are reported here as a case study. For workers performing sampling activities in areas for which information regarding the possible presence of contaminated material is missing, an in situ radiometric check is usually carried out as a potential radiological risk prevention, by measuring the levels of environmental radioactivity. Other than this, the procedure described in this article includes, as novelty, a series of progressive operations never carried out before all together for outdoor activities: the assessment of the presence (if any) of hot spots by recording radiometric anomalies, outdoor gamma spectrometry measurements in order to identify the radionuclides generating those anomalies, the sources unearthing activities, the management of the material found and the application of a risk containment protocol.

Introducing a Comprehensive Geological and Geotechnical Classification for Urban Planning and Design, A Case Study in Isfahan (Iran)

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 6809-6826
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Mohammadi ◽  
Seyed Mahmoud Fatemi Aghda ◽  
Mehdi Talkhablou ◽  
Akbar Cheshomi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design

Crime prevention aspects of public space renewal in Budapest

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Benkő ◽  
Tibor Germán
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Security ◽  
Design Documents ◽  
Historic City

Purpose Security is one of the most important challenges for contemporary integrated urban developments. In Hungary, every strategic document highlights this goal, seeking social and smart city solutions to the problem. Yet, what about crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED)? The purpose of the paper is to introduce a Central-European perspective into the international discussion of the topic. Design/methodology/approach Focusing on European Union-funded renewal of public space in the historic city centre of Budapest, the research investigates how urban security can be facilitated through urban planning and design. The analysis of two projects based on design documents and interviews with actors highlights the importance of CPTED, although it is not recognised officially either in the development or in the management phase. Findings March 15th Square is an attractive contemporary public space in the tourist-historic city centre. The project was centrally planned, executed with typical EU indicators, but without any special requirements for security. The process resulted in a safescape. By contrast, the main principal for the renewal of Teleki László Square, the first Hungarian example of community-based planning, was to instil a feeling of security. The public square became a fenced defensible space. Practical implications The analysis method can be used for other projects evaluating changes in urban security due to public space renewal: history, requirements for security, design solutions for space division, materials and urban furniture, as well as use of space and management after the regeneration. Originality/value The paper uncovers Hungarian cases where environmental crime prevention criteria are not explicitly but implicitly present in contemporary urban planning and design. In relation to urban security, it highlights the gap that exists among disciplines, indicative of a lack of dialogue among policymakers, researchers, designers and management.

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