scholarly journals Clean and Green Urban Water Bodies Benefit Nocturnal Flying Insects and Their Predators, Insectivorous Bats

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja M. Straka ◽  
Pia E. Lentini ◽  
Linda F. Lumsden ◽  
Sascha Buchholz ◽  
Brendan A. Wintle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Insectivorous Bats ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Riparian Tree ◽  
The Relationship

Nocturnal arthropods form the prey base for many predators and are an integral part of complex food webs. However, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms influencing invertebrates at urban water bodies and the potential flow-on effects to their predators. This study aims to: (i) understand the importance of standing water bodies for nocturnal flying insect orders, including the landscape- and local-scale factors driving these patterns; and (ii) quantify the relationship between insects and insectivorous bats. We investigated nocturnal flying insects and insectivorous bats simultaneously at water bodies (n = 58) and non-water body sites (n = 35) using light traps and acoustic recorders in Melbourne, Australia. At the landscape scale, we found that the presence of water and high levels of surrounding greenness were important predictors for some insect orders. At the water body scale, low levels of sediment pollutants, increased riparian tree cover and water body size supported higher insect order richness and a greater abundance of Coleopterans and Trichopterans, respectively. Most bat species had a positive response to a high abundance of Lepidopterans, confirming the importance of this order in the diet of insectivorous bats. Fostering communities of nocturnal insects in urban environments can provide opportunities for enhancing the prey base of urban nocturnal insectivores.

scholarly journals The landscaping of urban agglomeration park systems

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 294-306
Author(s):  
Aleksandra V. Ostyakova ◽  
Ekaterina V Pluisnina
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
City Water ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Introduction. Studying water body ecological problems and ensuring the necessary level of sanitary maintenance and landscaping of the reservoirs with the surrounding areas are relevant due to the inadequate environmental condition of a large number of urban water bodies and small rivers within settlements. Materials and methods. The review of the available normative documents and the carried-out actions on the improvement of city water objects is given. Based on the visual study of the state of the pond banks at the Karbyshev Park at the settlement of Nakhabino, Moscow region, water quality indicators, sources of pollution of the pond, the article concluded on the unsatisfactory ecological and aesthetic condition of this urban pond. The objective of this paper is to analyze the existing negative environmental factors affectig the water body and to propose an option of the site landscaping and further safe usage. Results. A description of the Karbyshev Park territory is given. Also, negative factors influencing the pollution of the pond banks, and the quality of pond water are specified. A proposal contains a list of necessary types of activities on cleaning and improving the pond bowl and surrounding territory under the condition of preservation of its ecosystem. As a result of the integrated assessment of the pond ecological state, a model of the urban water body was created, and a variant of its ecological reconstruction was proposed. Conclusions. The study is of practical importance for accounting and elimination of environmental problems of urban water bodies of the Central European Russia and proposals of measures for their improvement and reclamation.

scholarly journals Waterscape and Floods Management of Greek Selinus: The Cottone River Valley

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1066-1090
Author(s):  
Alba Mazza
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Western Sicily ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Flood Retention

Abstract This paper investigates water bodies in the Greek colony of Selinus, Western Sicily-Italy. It focuses especially on one of the two rivers of the city: the Cottone. The investigative strategy adopted in this study consists of an interdisciplinary approach based on the analysis of archaeological evidence, Earth Sciences data, and the study of historical cartography. Results indicate that the Cottone River was not a swampy and unhealthy intermittent stream as it was believed so far; it was instead a fully functional water body featuring an active floodplain. Most importantly, research presented in this article indicates several floods occurred in Selinus from the second or third quarter of the sixth century BC to the end of the fifth century BC. These floods, which occurred at the peak of Selinus’ cultural and economic life, were related to severe major events, rather than seasonal floods, as suggested by other scholars. The management of these floods and the waterscape was crucial to the city’s prosperity. This article also analyzes the relationship between the Cottone River and the fortification walls located at the Cottone River Valley. Results indicate that the fortification walls functioned not only as a defensive infrastructure, but also as a hydraulic engineering solution for flood retention. A better understanding of the environment in which Selinus was settled is now available, and knowledge on the importance of waterscapes and their management has been enhanced.

scholarly journals Urban water resource management: experience from the revival of Rajokri lake in Delhi

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-434
Author(s):  
Ankit Srivastava ◽  
◽  
T.C. Prathna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Ground Water Recharge ◽  
Comprehensive Plans

<abstract> <p>Water bodies are critical in maintaining and sustaining ecosystems. However, urban water bodies are often ignored during development projects, and comprehensive plans for their revival and rejuvenation are not seen as priorities. This paper describes the rejuvenation project for a dry water body at Rajokri, Delhi, India. A "scientific wetland with active biodigester" (SWAB) system was developed to treat domestic wastewater, which was then used to fill the lake. The SWAB effectively removed about 89% removal of oil and grease, 86% biological oxygen demand (BOD), 85% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 86% of total suspended solids (TSS) when the respective inlet concentrations were 18 ± 1.14 mg/L, 124 ± 2.9 mg/L, 480 ± 11.9 mg/L and 116 ± 1.82 from the raw wastewater. The SWAB system provides completely natural treatment with zero electrical consumption. The revival of the water body using a decentralized wastewater treatment system has immensely helped in management of urban wastewater, ground water recharge and enhanced ecosystem and biodiversity values. The project demonstrates the integration of socio-cultural, societal, ecological, ecosystem and technological aspects for the revival of the lake.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals Classification Indications of Urban Water Bodies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Impact ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Hydraulic Facility ◽  
Bank Protection ◽  
The City

A system of indications meant for new classification of urban recreational water bodies based on a vision of an urban water body as the most important component of the city infrastructure. At the same time it is necessary to take into account that an urban water body is a hydraulic facility affected by water impact and characterized by the lack of methodical literature for designing. In a city a water body is more than often represented by either pond or earth reservoir. It is necessary to consider them as special water bodies. A set of appropriate classification indicators is proposed as a basis for such kind of analysis and development of the principal approaches. These indicators enable to characterize the currently existing urban water bodies and those to be designed in accordance with different parameters. This system of indicators is balancing between practical necessity for a concrete classification indicator and its relative simplicity. The following indicators have been adopted as the classification ones: the water body type, level of its territorial hierarchy, its area, average depth, cascade level, bank protection structure, as well as the feeding system. The classification indicators system was preliminary tested at 35 ponds of Moscow, this has enabled to obtain the general idea of the applied approaches.

Phytoplankton community composition in relation to water quality and water-body morphometry in urban lakes, reservoirs, and ponds

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2163-2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D Olding ◽  
Johan A Hellebust ◽  
Marianne SV Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Composition ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Cyanobacterial Dominance

Distinct differences in observed summer phytoplankton communities in relation to maximum depth suggest that constraints posed by water-body morphometry may modify the trophic control of phytoplankton-community composition and structure in urban water bodies. In deep urban sites (Zmax [Formula: see text] 5 m), phytoplankton communities tended to be predictably related to trophic status (i.e., increases in trophy were associated with increased cyanobacterial dominance, a decreased proportion of Chrysophyceae-Synurophyceae and grazable-size algae, and a decrease in community richness), although exceptions existed, owing to factors such as human intervention, age of the water body, and flushing rates. In contrast, in shallow urban water bodies (Zmax < 5 m), trophic status was a poor predictor of phytoplankton communities. Across meso- to hyper-eutrophic conditions, shallow urban sites were rarely dominated by cyanobacteria and, when they were, the species composition differed from nutrient-rich deep urban sites. The key requirement for cyanobacterial dominance in shallow urban sites appears to be sufficiently long water residence times, viz., greater than 8-14 days. Further study should describe how the relationship between water body residence time and species-generation time may limit the development of specific nuisance algal species, aiding in the management and rehabilitation of urban water bodies.

scholarly journals Safe operation and reconstruction of urban water bodies in the park complexes

2018 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 06026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yekaterina Plyusnina ◽  
Aleksandra Ostiakova
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Ecological Reconstruction ◽  
The City

In the field of improvement of urban areas of General use, it is important to study the environmental problems of urban water bodies and to ensure the necessary level of sanitary maintenance and improvement of the water bodies themselves and the surrounding area. This article investigates the ecological state of the city pond in the park of Nakhabino in the Moscow region. At the moment, the condition of the pond is unsatisfactory in terms of both improvement and sanitary-hygienic and aesthetic condition. The purpose of the work is to analyze the existing negative environmental factors on the example of a water body, as well as to offer an option of ecological reconstruction and further safe operation. To achieve this goal, the analysis of available literature sources was carried out, a visual survey of the water body located in the Park was carried out. The article presents a description of the area of the pond and the Park, identified and listed the negative, influencing the contamination of pond and water quality factors. The necessary types of works on improvement and sanitary cleaning of the bowl of the pond and the coastal area are listed. As a result of a comprehensive analysis of the ecological status of the pond, a model of the pond named after Karbyshev in Nakhabino was created, a version of its ecological reconstruction was proposed. The model is presented at the Moscow youth exhibition. The conducted research has a certain practical value. Subsequently, it is planned to present the project of ecological reconstruction of this water body for its reconstruction to the territorial authorities.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Atmospheric Deposition during the Period of Algal Bloom Formation in Urban Water Bodies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zheng ◽  
Haihua Cao ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jingcheng Xu ◽  
Yijing Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Algae Growth ◽  
The Impact

Urban water bodies are limited by poor mobility, small surface areas, and little water supply; thus, they are sensitive to atmospheric nutrient inputs, especially during the optimal period of algae growth. This study investigated the impact of atmospheric deposition on the Quyang urban water body in Shanghai. Observations that coupled atmospheric organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorous and the actual urban water body (nutrient availability and Chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chl-a)) were conducted during spring and summer. Atmospheric total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia (N-NH4+) and total phosphorus (TP) deposition ranged from 35–81, 3–40, 0.79–20.40 and 0.78–0.25 mg m−2 d−1, respectively. The soluble N/P molar ratios of the bulk deposition (ranging from 56–636) were well above the Redfield ratio (N/P = 16). Nutrient inputs from atmospheric deposition have been suggested to be a strong factor for increasing the likelihood of P limitation in the water bodies. The actual loads to small, shallow urban water bodies were assessed and found to be ~50, 130, 130 (the N-fixation contributes to the atmospheric deposition inputs especially during the spring), and 80% of TOC, TN, N-NH4+, and TP, respectively, representing nutrients transferred into the water phase. The maximum primary production (evaluated as Chl-a) stock resulting in a 2-m-deep water column from the above inputs ranged from 2.54–7.98 mg Chl-a m−3. As a continuous source of nutrients, atmospheric deposition should not be underestimated as a driving force for urban water body eutrophication, and it potentially influences primary production, especially during the optimal algae growth period.

Scale and Attenuation of Water Bodies on Urban Heat Islands

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Huanchun Huang ◽  
Yingxia Yun ◽  
Jiangang Xu ◽  
Shizhen Wang ◽  
Xin Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Water Surfaces ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact

Urban water bodies play an important role in reducing summertime urban heat island (UHI) effects. Previous studies focused mainly on the impact of water bodies of large areas, and there is no analysis of the efficacy and scale effect of how small and medium-sized water bodies reduce the UHI effects. Hence, these studies could not provide theoretical support for the scientific planning and design of urban water bodies. This study aims to confirm, within different scale ranges, the efficacy of a water body in reducing the summertime UHI effects. We propose a scale sensitivity method to investigate the temporal and spatial relationship between urban water bodies and UHI. Based on the scale theory and geostatistical analysis method in landscape ecology, this study used the platforms of 3S, MATLAB, and SPSS to analyze the distance-decay law of water bodies in reducing summertime UHI effects, as well as the scale response at different water surface ratios. The results show that the influence of water surfaces on UHIs gradually decreases with increasing distance, and the temperature rises by 0.78 °C for every 100 m away from the water body. During daytime, there is a scaled sensitivity of how much water surfaces reduce the summertime UHI effects. The most sensitive radius from the water was found at the core water surface ratio of 200 m. A reduction of UHI intensity by 2.3 °C was observed for every 10% increase of the average core water surface ratio. This study provides a theoretical reference to the control of heat islands for the planning and design of urban water bodies.

Development of Dialog System Model for Eutrophication Control between Discharging River Basin and Receiving Water Body – Case Study of Lake Sagami (Japan)

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1821-1824
Author(s):  
M. Suzuki ◽  
K. Chihara ◽  
M. Okada ◽  
H. Kawashima ◽  
S. Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Expert System ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Receiving Water

A computer program based on expert system software was developed and proposed as a prototype model for water management to control eutrophication problems in receiving water bodies (Suzuki etal., 1988). The system has several expert functions: 1. data input and estimation of pollution load generated and discharged in the river watershed; 2. estimation of pollution load run-off entering rivers; 3. estimation of water quality of receiving water bodies, such as lakes; and 4. assisting man-machine dialog operation. The program can be used with MS-DOS BASIC and assembler in a 16 bit personal computer. Five spread sheets are utilized in calculation and summation of the pollutant load, using multi-windows. Partial differential equations for an ecological model for simulation of self-purification in shallow rivers and simulation of seasonal variations of water quality in a lake were converted to computer programs and included in the expert system. The simulated results of water quality are shown on the monitor graphically. In this study, the expert system thus developed was used to estimate the present state of one typical polluted river basin. The river was the Katsura, which flows into Lake Sagami, a lake dammed for water supply. Data which had been actually measured were compared with the simulated water quality data, and good agreement was found. This type of expert system is expected to be useful for water management of a closed water body.

scholarly journals Forecasting Agroforestry Ecosystem Services Provision in Urban Regeneration Projects: Experiences and Perspectives from Milan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambrogio Zanzi ◽  
Federico Andreotti ◽  
Valentina Vaglia ◽  
Sumer Alali ◽  
Francesca Orlando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Food System ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Food System ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Living Fences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pollution Removal ◽  
The Relationship

The expansion of urban agglomerates is causing significant environmental changes, while the demand and need for sustainability keep on growing. In this context, urban and peri-urban agriculture can play a crucial role, mainly if associated with an agroecological approach. Indeed, the extensive use of living fences and tree rows can improve the environmental quality, assuring ecosystem services (ES), developing a sustainable urban food system and increasing local productions and the related socio-economic improvements. This study aims to assess the benefits of an agroecological requalification of a dismissed peri-urban area in the South Milan Agricultural Regional Park (Italy), by evaluating two possible scenarios, both involving planting trees and shrubs in that area. The software I-Tree Eco simulates the ecosystem services provision of planting new hedgerows, evaluating the benefits over 30 years. The study underlines the difference between the two scenarios and how the planted area becomes an essential supplier of regulating ecosystem services for the neighbourhoods, increasing carbon storage and air pollution removal. Results were then analysed with a treemap, to better investigate and understand the relationship between the different ecosystem services, showing a notable increase in carbon sequestration at the end of the simulation (at year 30). The study shows a replicable example of a methodology and techniques that can be used to assess the ES in urban and peri-urban environments.

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