scholarly journals Sustainable and Community-Centred Development of Smart Cities and Villages

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Zavratnik ◽  
Dan Podjed ◽  
Jure Trilar ◽  
Nina Hlebec ◽  
Andrej Kos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Community Building ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Community Size ◽  
Sustainable Living ◽  
New Community ◽  
And Control ◽  
Calm Technology

The article highlights the need to rethink and reconceptualise the accepted concepts of smart cities and villages by shifting the attention from technology and technological solutions and moving it towards understanding the significance of communities and sustainability. The conceptual framework combines four essential features—community, village, city and sustainability—and analyses the links and relationships between them. A new community-centred approach to development is suggested in order to emphasise that sustainable living cannot be achieved only through technological solutions. Instead, we suggest that to ensure social sustainability, appropriation, and effectiveness of new solutions in the long term, the process has to start, be adapted and led by people and their needs. In this light, the article analyses three dimensions of smart living—energy, mobility, waste—through the prism of rural–urban linkages and the role of ICT. Core principles and recommendations (calm technology, community size, identification of community leaders, surveillance and control issues, community building) for designers of ICT solutions and developmental projects in smart cities and villages are presented. These principles take into account people and communities and combine findings of engineering and social sciences, especially anthropology, psychology, and sociology.

Cognitive Treatment for OCD

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen L. Whittal ◽  
Melisa Robichaud
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cognitive Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Inflated Responsibility ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Of Thoughts

The cornerstone of cognitive treatment (CT) for OCD is based upon the knowledge that unwanted intrusions are essentially a universal experience. As such, it is not the presence of the intrusion that is problematic but rather the associated meaning or interpretation. Treatment is flexible, depending upon the nature of the appraisals and beliefs, but can include strategies focused on inflated responsibility and overestimation of threat, importance and control of thoughts, and the need for perfectionism and certainty. The role of concealment and the relationship to personal values are important maintaining and etiological factors. The short-term and long-term treatment outcome is reviewed, along with predictors of treatment response and mechanisms of action, and the chapter concludes with future directions regarding CT for OCD.

scholarly journals Bridging worlds: community led visual methods amidst climate change related disasters in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Macdougall ◽  
L Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Community Recovery ◽  
Visual Record ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background In February 2009 Victorian rural communities were hit by the worst bushfires in Australian history. Immediately we evaluated community groups preparing residents for bushfires. Ten years on, we are one of the few teams to evaluate medium to long term community recovery using multiple methods. As climate change becomes more visible, the frequency and intensity of disasters will increase so communities, governments and service providers need more evidence based strategies and policies. We explore how participant led visual methods provide new knowledge. Methods In study 1 participants in 3 of 7 focus groups in peoples’ homes spontaneously brought photos for us to examine before the discussions. In another participants spoke of the importance of photos they took at the time. We returned to the field to interview people in their homes about the meaning and role of photos. Results Participants wanted to inform us-as outsiders-of the awe and enormity of the fires. They created a visual record to communicate with key interest groups and ward off complacity as memories receded. Photos helped them construct timelines and meanings of the intense fires. Crucially, they recorded recovery and rebuilding in both the built and natural environments. Over the next ten years we chronicled stories from community led visual methods of communication, recovery and empowerment. We incorporated into qualitative methods participant led tours of their environments, with visual methods. Visual data collected by communities focused more strongly on the natural environment than researcher led verbal methods. Conclusions Visual sociology changes as technology provides participants in research with increased access to, and control over, visual methods. These changes can rebalance power relations between qualitative researchers and participants and bridge visual and verbal methods; crafting striking stories to influence those Australian policies unresponsive to climate change. Key messages Technological change enables participants in qualitative research to initiate visual methods to build bridges between them and researchers. Community led visual methods provide new types of data useful for theory and knowledge translation.

Long-term ventilatory adaptation and ventilatory response to hypoxia in plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae): role of nNOS and dopamine

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (4) ◽  
pp. R978-R987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélien Pichon ◽  
Bai Zhenzhong ◽  
Fabrice Favret ◽  
Guoen Jin ◽  
Han Shufeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Plateau Pika ◽  
Ventilatory Parameter ◽  
Species Effect ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
And Control

We assessed ventilatory patterns and ventilatory responses to hypoxia (HVR) in high-altitude (HA) plateau pikas, repetitively exposed to hypoxic burrows, and control rats. We evaluated the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and dopamine by using S-methyl-l-thiocitrulline (SMTC) inhibitor and haloperidol antagonist, respectively. Ventilation (V̇i) was measured using a whole body plethysmograph in conscious pikas ( n = 9) and low-altitude (LA) rats ( n = 7) at different PiO2 (56, 80, 111, 150, and 186 mmHg) and in HA acclimatized rats ( n = 9, 8 days at 4,600 m) at two different PiO2 (56 and 80 mmHg). The effects of NaCl, SMTC, and haloperidol on ventilatory patterns were assessed in pikas at PiO2 = 56 and 80 mmHg. We observed a main species effect with larger V̇i, tidal volume (VT), inspiratory time/total time (Ti/Ttot), and a lower expiratory time in pikas than in LA rats. Pikas had also a larger VT and lower respiratory frequency compared with HA rats in hypoxia. HVR of pikas and rats were not statistically different. In pikas, SMTC induced a significant increase in V̇i and VT for a PiO2 of 56 mmHg, but had no effect for a PiO2 of 80 mmHg, i.e., the living altitude of pikas. In pikas, haloperidol injection had no effect on any ventilatory parameter. Long-term ventilatory adaptation in pikas is mainly due to an improvement in respiratory pattern (VT and Ti/Ttot) with no significant improvement in HVR. The sensitivity to severe acute hypoxia in pikas seems to be regulated by a peripheral nNOS mechanism.

scholarly journals Collaboration Between Subtitling Academics and Practitioners

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Silvester ◽  
Tiina Tuominen
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
New Community ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Share Information

This article proposes the application of public translation studies put forward by Koskinen (2010) to the field of audiovisual translation (AVT). We argue that AVT scholars and practitioners would benefit from the implementation of a long-term, reciprocal collaboration. This would involve the formation of a community of academics and subtitlers, creating a space for regular dialogic communication that would be mutually beneficial. The article first explores the concept of public translation studies, examining how and why this framework might be useful in AVT. We then present the findings of a scoping questionnaire, in which subtitlers working in the UK and Ireland were surveyed about their interest in collaborating with academics. Respondents indicated an interest in opportunities for professional development, community-building and collaboration. In addition, based on the results we highlight a number of areas around which these activities could be centred, including, for example, opportunities for subtitlers to enhance their practical skill set, to improve their career opportunities and the collective standing of the profession, to discuss translation dilemmas and to inform academia. We end by proposing some concrete next steps for the development of a subtitling community, and the possible role of academics and subtitlers within such an initiative. Lay Summary Working as a subtitler can be challenging in many ways: technological developments such as machine translation are changing the work rapidly, working conditions are sometimes demanding, and the work can be lonely because it is often done on a freelance basis. Therefore, subtitlers could benefit from new ways to work together, share information and advocate for better working conditions. It could also be useful to build closer contacts with researchers who have an interest in subtitling. Contacts with academia would allow practitioners to learn how research might benefit them and to contribute to future projects. This article presents a proposal for forming a community of practitioners and academics. As a first step, we conducted a survey with subtitlers based in the UK and Ireland to find out what topics practitioners would like to discuss with academics. The responses indicate that many practitioners want to enhance their practical skills by learning about topics such as new technology, and they want to network and improve their working conditions. There is also some interest in learning about and contributing to research. Based on these responses, we will conclude the article by introducing a new community of subtitlers and practitioners we are launching: SubComm.

scholarly journals Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urban Water Cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Hadi Heidari ◽  
◽  
Neil S Grigg ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
First Order ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
And Control ◽  
Urban Water Cycle

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global crisis spreading to all countries. This study explains and documents the first-order effects of the new coronavirus on the urban water cycle. Urban water systems play an important role in public health because people rely so heavily on water services. Findings address short- and long-term changes in climate variables; availability and accessibility of clean water to prevent and control the spread of coronavirus in water-scarce cities; shifts in habits, behavior, and lifestyles of people and effects on water demand during lockdowns; and role of wastewater treatment in preventing the spread of coronavirus.

scholarly journals Workplace Inclusion Competence and Employer Engagement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Enehaug ◽  
Øystein Spjelkavik ◽  
Eivind Falkum ◽  
Kjetil Frøyland
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Management ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Organizational Perspective ◽  
Employer Engagement ◽  
Developmental Opportunities ◽  
Management Orientation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Workplace Inclusion

Existing active labor market policy (ALMP) measures have been unsuccessful in establishing long- term employment for vulnerable groups.This paper contributes to further development of the role of the employer engagement perspective in ALMP. We introduce the term workplace inclusion competence and explore its association to two distinct work-organizational categories: participa tion- and control-oriented management. We operationalize workplace inclusion competence as inclusion opportunity and inclusion capability. We argue that such competence is dynamic and processual, and find that organizational management-orientation, as well as work pace, employees’ developmental opportunities, financial situation and OSH, have an impact on workplace inclusion competence. Survey data among a sample of managers is analyzed regarding workplaces’ capabilities and opportunities in work inclusion processes. We present two sets of indexes to measure organizational management-orientation and inclusion skills competence. As such, we contribute to the research field by providing new and more specific concepts with adherent question indexes, and by connecting them to a work-organizational perspective.

scholarly journals Diplomasi Publik Pemerintah Kabupaten Samosir melalui Festival Samosir Music International 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Daniel Walman Hutasoit ◽  
Windy Dermawan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Music Community

The purpose of this article is to describe how public diplomacy is carried out by the Samosir Regency Government through the festival Samosir Music International 2018. The concepts used in this article are the three dimensions of public diplomacy by Joseph Nye; Soft Power; and Sub-Actors national in Public Diplomacy. This research used qualitative research methods. This research found that festival Samosir Music International 2018 had utilizied the role of mass media as a daily communication. In order to create more efficient and targeted communication, the Samosir Regency Government had conducted a series of events and the Indonesian music community as a strategic communication medium. In the end, the relationships between related actors, such as national and international music communities, artists, and media partners were the supporters of the creation of sustainable long-term Relationships.  Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan diplomasi publik yang dilakukan Pemerintah Kabupetan Samosir melalui festival Samosir Music International 2018. Konsep yang digunakan ialah: tiga dimensi publik oleh Joseph Nye (Komunikasi Sehari-hari, Komunikasi Strategis, dan Pembangunan Hubungan Jangka Panjang), Soft Power, dan Aktor Sub-nasional dalam Diplomasi Publik. Artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa festival Samosir Music International tahun 2018 memanfaatkan peran media massa sebagai media komunikasi sehari-hari. Demi menciptakan komunikasi yang lebih efisien dan terarah, Pemerintah Kabupaten Samosir melakukan rangkaian acara dan para komunitas musik Indonesia sebagai media komunikasi strategis. Pada akhirnya, hubungan yang terjalin atara aktor-aktor terkait, seperti para komunitas musik nasional maupun internasional, artis, dan media partner yang menjadi pendukung terciptanya pembangunan hubungan jangka panjang yang berkesinambungan

scholarly journals Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 in COVID-19 infections and the implications of COVID-19 on major body systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Malyn M.L.K. Antoine ◽  
Yancheng Xu ◽  
Rimanatou Seyni-Boureima ◽  
Chrystal Deniza Antoine-Frank ◽  
Coumba Aicha Thiam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Uncertain Information ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in China in late 2019 and since then, this disease has become a pandemic affecting many countries across the globe. Due to this outbreak, many researchers have been diligently investigating this disease for the establishment of better methods of its treatment and control. Evidence from research has led to a plethora of valuable but uncertain information on the modes of transmission of COVID-19 and the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 establishes infections in targeted tissues. It is now better understood that in this disease, SARS-CoV-2 gains entrance into cells by specifically binding ACE-2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2); ACE-2 serves as a potential receptor for the virus. The lungs, in addition to many other organs and tissues, express ACE-2 in varying degrees. Therefore, this review will examine the role of ACE-2 in COVID-19 and the secondary effects that COVID-19 has on organs that express ACE-2. To this end, it will assist in establishing the relationship between the ACE-2 receptor and SARS-CoV-2, bringing to the forefront the correlation between the symptomatology presentation, as well as the severity of infections experienced with COVID-19. Given this, it may even provide an avenue for the generation of treatment, or create a platform for the enhanced knowledge of this novel virus, and therefore, control, and maybe unravel the mystery for long term complications.  

Using Arm Configuration to Learn the Effects of Gyroscopes and Other Devices

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 450-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Flanders ◽  
Jan M. Hondzinski ◽  
John F. Soechting ◽  
Jadin C. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Arm Movement ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Hand Path ◽  
Motor Commands ◽  
Similar Strategy ◽  
Normal Configuration ◽  
Normal Hand ◽  
And Control

Previous studies have perturbed the association between motor commands and arm movements by applying forces to the arm during two-dimensional movements. These studies have revealed that, when the normal hand path is perturbed, subjects gradually adapt their motor commands to return to this path. The present study used the spin of a gyroscope to create a complex perturbation, as subjects reached to targets presented in three dimensions. Hand path did not change, but the whole-arm geometry (“arm configuration” in four dimensions) was altered. Over a series of several hundred reaches to various targets, subjects gradually returned the arm movement to its normal configuration. Furthermore, during the course of this learning, subjects used a strategy that involved manipulating arm posture. A similar strategy was observed when subjects made reaching movements with a rod attached to the upper arm to change its inertial characteristics. In both cases, the gradual return to the normal arm movement was accomplished without an increase in kinetic energy, suggesting that arm postures and movements (kinematics) and muscular forces (kinetics) may be mutually optimized. In contrast to previous studies, the present results highlight the role of arm configuration (rather than hand path) in learning and control.

Intra-organizational Communication in Healthcare

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (04) ◽  
pp. 336-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Niazkhani ◽  
M. Berg ◽  
R. Bal ◽  
H. Pirnejad
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Communication ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Medical Errors ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Communication Space ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Healthcare Communication ◽  
And Control

Summary Objectives: Intra-organizational communication is mostly interpersonal. Synchronous interruptive communication is recognized as aprimary source of inefficiency anderror in healthcare, and there is much potential for information and communication technology (ICT) to improve such communication. As recently suggested, however, due to communication failures ICT can also compound medical errors. In this paper we analyze factors that restrict the role of ICT in improving interpersonal healthcare communication and suggest solutions. Methods: We critically analyzed the literature from a selection of diverse scientific disciplines. These were related to interpersonal communication, tothe role and place of standardization and computerization in its improvement, and to reducing medical errors. Results: Four possible scenarios were defined on how ICT can serve healthcare communication. Two differing conceptual frameworks about communication in health-care were discussed. Considering “information space” as apart of “communication space ” allows the recognition and control of the source of the semantic gaps in conventional standardization and an enhancement of the role of ICT in improving intra-organizational communication. Moreover, cognitive, social, and organizational dimensions of complexity in interpersonal communication can be managed. Three approaches to control the variability in those dimensions and to promote therole of ICT in intra-organizational communication were discussed. Conclusion: A multi-dimensional approach is required to promote the role of ICT in intra-organizational communication in healthcare. Parallel to conventional standardization, atleast three dimensions need to be addressed: controlling the effect of the social context, developing standard information processing skills, and most importantly, controlling variations in care practices’ performance.

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