scholarly journals Possibility of Increasing the Growth and Photosynthetic Properties of Precocious Walnut by Grafting

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5178
Author(s):  
Yongchao Bai ◽  
Junpei Zhang ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Ruimin Huang ◽  
Yingying Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Net Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Properties ◽  
Plant Growth Characteristics

Plant growth characteristics after grafting are mainly dependent on photosynthesis performance, which may be influenced by grafting combinations with different rootstocks and scions. In this study, we used one-year-old walnut grafts to investigate the grafting compatibility between precocious (‘Liaoning 1’, L) and hybrid (‘Zhong Ning Sheng’, Z) walnut, as well as rootstock and scion impact on the growth and photosynthetic properties of walnut trees. The results showed that grafting compatibility between the two varieties is high, with survival rates upward of 86%. Overwintering survival of grafted seedlings was as high as 100%, which indicated that the allopolyploid had good resistance to low-temperature stress. The homograft of the hybrid walnut had the highest net photosynthesis rate (18.77 μmol·m−2s−1, Z/Z) and growth characteristics, which could be due to its higher transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, whereas the homograft of precocious walnut presented the lowest net photosynthesis rate (15.08 μmol·m−2s−1, L/L) and growth characteristics. Significant improvements in the net photosynthesis rate (15.97 and 15.24 μmol·m−2s−1 for L/Z and Z/L, respectively) and growth characteristics of precocious walnut were noticed during grafting of the hybrid walnut, which could have been contributed by their transpiration rate. The results of this study serve as a guide for the selection and breeding of good rootstock to improve plant growth characteristics and photosynthetic efficiency. We conclude that good rootstock selection improves plant growth potential and could play an important role in sustainable production.

scholarly journals Effects of Waterlogging with Different Water Resources on Plant Growth and Tolerance Capacity of Four Herbaceous Flowers in a Bioretention Basin

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chi Yang ◽  
Kuan-Hung Lin ◽  
Chun-Wei Wu ◽  
Yu-Jie Chang ◽  
Yu-Sen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Narrow Leaf

Extreme weather events have increased due to climate change. Bioretention basins can effectively alleviate urban flooding by short-term water retention. Reclaimed water (RW) is considered an alternative water resource during water shortages. In this study, the abilities for waterlogging tolerance of four herbaceous flowers (angelonia, narrow-leaf zinnia, celosia, and medallion flower) are investigated to screen suitable ornamental plants for bioretention basins, and the influence of RW on the plants is also evaluated. All plants were treated with 10 days of waterlogging (electrical conductivity (EC) of tap water = 110.0 μS·cm−1) followed by a seven-day recovery. Angelonia (Angelonia salicariifolia Humb. & Bonpl) was not affected by waterlogging and showed the best performance, judged from the ornamental quality, photosynthesis rate, and leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) among the tested flowers. Photosynthesis of the narrow-leaf zinnia (Zinnia angustifolia Kunth) decreased during waterlogging but soon recovered after being drained. Celosia (Celosia argentea L.) and medallion flower (Melampodium paludosum Kunth) were significantly affected by waterlogging and did not recover after drainage, in terms of responses to both external and physiological reactions. Moreover, waterlogging by the simulated RW (EC = 542.4 μS·cm−1) did not have negative impacts on angelonia and narrow-leaf zinnia, due to the reduced leaf malondialdehyde concentration of angelonia and retarded the decline in the net photosynthesis rate of narrow-leaf zinnia. Thus, RW could be used as an alternative irrigation water resource for bioretention basins during the dry season to maintain plant growth.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effects of Water Extracts of Maize Leaf on Three Chinese Herbal Medicinal Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobang PENG
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Maize Leaf ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi ◽  
Net Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Low Concentrations

Plants generate various secondary metabolites named as allelochemicals that can be release into the environment and influence the growth and development of other plants or the same plant. The potential allelopathic effect of maize (Zea mays L.) on seed germination, seedling growth and physiology was investigated with three medicinal plants (Platycodon grandiflorum A.DC, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge) with different concentrations (0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%). Low concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%) of maize leaf aqueous extract stimulated the germination and seedling growth (root length, shoot height, fresh weight) of all receptor plants significantly. With the concentration of the aqueous extract increased, the stimulating effects gradually decreased, and even changed into inhibited. The aqueous leachate of maize leaves exerted different allelopathic effects on physiology of different test medicinal plants. For Platycodon grandiflorum A.DC, there was no significant difference in photosynthesis rate at all the tested concentration compared with control. In Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi the lower concentration (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5%) of leachates stimulated the net photosynthesis rate, yet the higher concentration (5.0%, 10.0%) decreased the net photosynthesis rate, and all the tested concentration have inhibited effects on Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge and decreased its net photosynthesis rate. However, the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein of all receptor plants were stimulated by low concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5%) of maize leaf aqueous extract. Allelopathy can affect the seed germination, early seedling growth and physiology of three medicinal plants.

scholarly journals Features Of Photosynthesis And Water Regime Of Quercus Pubescens Willd. Under The Conditions Of Autumn Drought Of The Southern Coast Of The Crimea

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
O.A. Ilnitsky ◽  
Y.V. Plugatar ◽  
A.V. Pashtetsky ◽  
A.T. Gil
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Quercus Pubescens ◽  
Net Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the research is to determine the optimal zones and thresholds of soil moisture, temperature, illumination, limiting photosynthesis and transpiration of Quércus pubéscens Willd. and allowing the introduction of the species to other regions. The dependences of the net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and the transpiration rate (E) on stomatal conductivity (gs), leaf temperature (Tl), and soil moisture (Ws) are shown. The ratio of the processes of photosynthesis and respiration, under the influence of soil drought, allowed us to define their optimal values: Ws = 26 – 28%, Pn = 16 –18 μmol/m2c, Rt = 2 – 4 μmol/m2c. The relationship between the net photosynthesis rate, total respiration, and leaf temperature allowed us to determine the temperature maximum of net photosynthesis (the thermal compensation point): Pn = Rt = 2.0 μmol/m2c at Tl = 37ºC. It was found that in the absence of soil drought, the proportion of respiratory costs (Rt/Pg) from true photosynthesis is 20 – 23%, and with soil moisture of 8 – 10% increases to 55 – 58%.

scholarly journals Growth Characteristics and Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer of Some Morphotypes of Jute Marlow (Corchorus olitorius Linn.)

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 612f-612
Author(s):  
M.J. Makinde ◽  
S.A. Ayanlaja
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Plant Growth Characteristics

Plant growth characteristics were observed for 12 morphotypes of Corchorus olitorius planted in the field. Two commonly used varieties in Nigeria were subjected to increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates. Extensive variations in measured leaf, stem, and root growth confirmed genetic diversity among morphotypes. Thus, fresh shoot harvest l00 kg N/ha at 3 kg/ha seed rate for the lanceolate was 17.44 t·ha–1, the serrate-type at the same seed rate required N at 200 kg·ha–1 to produce 18.19-ha harvest.

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