Basic Psychological Needs as a Motivational Competence: Examining Validity and Measurement Invariance of Spanish BPNSF Scale

Motivation is an essential component in higher education. In this area, researchers have described three psychological needs that drive human behavior: Autonomy, competence, and relatedness. These three needs are central dimensions of Self-Determination Theory. Various measurement tools have been used to evaluate these dimensions. Despite the universality of these, the literature lacks validation of them in the Spanish university context. The present study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) in this context. This scale was administered to a sample of 1075 Spanish university students. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded that the six-factor structure fitted the data. Results supported the reliability and validity of all the subscales. The obtained factor structure provided evidence in support of the comparability of the model between male and female students and different types of studies.

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Translation and Validation of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction in Active Commuting to and from School (BPNS-ACS) Scale in Young Portuguese Students

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182413091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (24) ◽

pp. 13091

Author(s):

Adilson Marques ◽

Thiago Santos ◽

Élvio R. Gouveia ◽

Yolanda Demetriou ◽

Dorothea M. I. Schönbach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Active Commuting ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction ◽

Psychological Need Satisfaction

Active commuting to and from school (ACS) is a strategy to enhance physical activity levels in youths. To promote ACS, it is important to understand the factors that lead to this behaviour. With this in mind, an adaptation of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale for ACS was developed, named the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction in Active Commuting to and from School (BPNS-ACS) scale. This study aimed to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the BPNS-ACS scale in young Portuguese students. A cross-sectional study was designed. A total of 338 students (212 girls, 126 boys), aged between 11 and 19 years old from 31 Portuguese cities participated in this study. To provide validity evidence based on the questionnaire’s internal structure, confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test the three dimensions of the BNPS-ACS scale. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable fit to the data. The internal consistency of the measures was accepted as the composite reliability values ranged from 0.78 to 0.94. The evaluation of psychometric properties provided evidence of the adequacy of this questionnaire among Portuguese youth aged 11 to 19 years old.

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Assessing Need Satisfaction and Frustration in Portuguese Exercise Instructors: scale validity, reliabity and invariance between gender

Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte ◽

10.6018/cpd.347331 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 233-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Filipe Fernandes Rodrigues ◽

Henrique Pereira Neiva ◽

Daniel Almeida Marinho ◽

Pedro Mendes ◽

Diogo Santos Teixeira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Model ◽

Basic Needs ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Interpersonal Behaviors ◽

Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction ◽

Nomological Validity

Objective: The aim of the present study was to validate the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale in Exercise for fitness instructors. Methods: Data from 477 exercise professionals (319 males, 158 females) was collected. Results: CFA supported the adapted and validated six-factor model: [χ2(237) = 1096.796, χ2/df= 4.63; B-S p < .001, CFI = .930, TLI = .918, SRMR= .0366, RMSEA = .079 (CI90% = .069, .089)], assessing satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs in Portuguese exercise professionals. Moreover, the analysis revealed acceptable composite reliability, and construct validity of the adapted version. Results revealed nomological validity, as well as invariance between male and female. No differences were found across latent means, and magnitude effects were trivial between gender. Conclusion: These results support the use of the adapted scale in exercise professionals, showing measurement invariance between gender. This scale is able to measure how exercise professionals experience satisfaction and frustration of basic needs when prescribing exercise to individuals in fitness context. Key-words: self-determination theory, exercise, basic needs, interpersonal behaviors, exercise instructors Objective: The aim of the present study was to validate the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale in Exercise for fitness instructors. Methods: Data from 477 exercise professionals (319 males, 158 females) was collected. Results: CFA supported the adapted and validated six-factor model: [χ2(237) = 1096.796, χ2/df= 4.63; B-S p < .001, CFI = .930, TLI = .918, SRMR= .0366, RMSEA = .079 (CI90% = .069, .089)], assessing satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs in Portuguese exercise professionals. Moreover, the analysis revealed acceptable composite reliability, and construct validity of the adapted version. Results revealed nomological validity, as well as invariance between male and female. No differences were found across latent means, and magnitude effects were trivial between gender. Conclusion: These results support the use of the adapted scale in exercise professionals, showing measurement invariance between gender. This scale is able to measure how exercise professionals experience satisfaction and frustration of basic needs when prescribing exercise to individuals in fitness context. Key-words: self-determination theory, exercise, basic needs, interpersonal behaviors, exercise instructors

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Job attitudes as a predictor of work engagement of the lecturing staff at the University of Namibia

SA Journal of Human Resource Management ◽

10.4102/sajhrm.v17i0.1165 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wesley R. Pieters ◽

Ebben Van Zyl ◽

Petrus Nel

Keyword(s):

Work Engagement ◽

Job Attitudes ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Organisational Commitment ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction ◽

The University ◽

Psychological Need Satisfaction

Orientation: Engaged employees contribute to the success and productivity of an organisation. Satisfaction of basic psychological needs and organisational commitment (job attitudes) impact positively on work engagement of the lecturing staff.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of basic psychological need satisfaction and organisational commitment on work engagement of the lecturing staff.Motivation for the study: Organisations realise their objectives through their employees. When employees are not satisfied or committed at work, it can result in low levels of work engagement, absenteeism, exhaustion, cynicism, low productivity and turnover.Research approach/design and method: A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data of the lecturing staff at the University of Namibia (n = 242). Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses were used to analyse the data.Main findings: This study found a positive relationship between basic psychological need satisfaction, organisational commitment and work engagement. Normative and affective commitment was found to be significant predictors of vigour, dedication and absorption (work engagement).Practical/managerial implications: Organisations need to include staff members in the decision-making process, allow employees to direct work-related activities, conduct team-building activities, provide training and development activities and regularly assess job satisfaction of the employees.Contribution/value-add: The novelty of this study in Namibia will add to knowledge within industrial or organisational psychology, encourage future research and guide the development of interventions.

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Intergenerational Transmission of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction: The Critical Role of Parental Perceptions

10.31234/osf.io/wpgvt ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vanessa Kurdi ◽

Noriaki Fukuzumi ◽

Ryo Ishii ◽

Ayame Tamura ◽

Naoki Nakazato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parenting Practices ◽

Critical Role ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Point Of View ◽

Parental Perception ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction ◽

Psychological Need Satisfaction

While studies have documented the importance of basic psychological need satisfaction in parent-child relationships, a gap remains in understanding how parental and adolescent need satisfactions are associated. Using two longitudinal intergenerational datasets (200 parent-adolescent dyads and 408 mother-adolescent dyads; two waves), the study examined whether (1) parents’ need satisfaction predicts adolescents’ need satisfaction (parental needs effect), (2) adolescents’ need satisfaction predicts parents’ need satisfaction (child’s needs effect), and (3) parental perception of adolescent’s need satisfaction, a possibly influential point of view, predicts adolescents’ need satisfaction (parental perception effect). Findings from cross-lagged path models supported only parental perception effects: parents’ T1 perception of their adolescent’s need satisfaction predicted their adolescent’s T2 self-reported need satisfaction, especially for autonomy and competence needs. Furthermore, the effects were not mediated by autonomy-supportive or controlling parenting practices. Findings highlight the importance of parents’ perceptions, which may benefit the design of new interventions on basic psychological needs.

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The basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration scale at work: A validation in the Polish language

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0258948 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0258948

Author(s):

Michał Szulawski ◽

Łukasz Baka ◽

Monika Prusik ◽

Anja H. Olafsen

Keyword(s):

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Organizational Studies ◽

Occupational Groups ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction ◽

Polish Language ◽

Work Domain ◽

Psychological Need Satisfaction

The aim of this research project was to validate the work-related version of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) into the Polish language and culture. Although studies have demonstrated the benefits associated with basic psychological need satisfaction and the costs associated with need frustration at work, the concept of needs has been neglected both in Polish scientific research and in practical organizational studies. The adaptation of the BPNSFS-Work Domain may change this situation and stimulate research in the Polish community. The scale has been validated in a sample consisting of three occupational groups: healthcare workers, education staff and customer service workers (N = 1315, Mage = 43.8). The findings suggest that the Polish scale has robust psychometric features. The CFA analysis proves that the scale has a six-dimensional structure similar to the original scale. These dimensions show satisfactory to high Cronbach’s α and McDonalds ω reliability, and high criterion validity is shown by association of the six need dimensions with correlates of both positive (i.e., engagement, job crafting and self-efficacy) and negative aspects of work (i.e., burnout and stress). The structure of the scale is the same in all three occupational groups, although the regression weights and covariances are only partially invariant. The validated version of the BPNSFS-Work Domain can be used in future basic and applied studies in the paradigm of self-determination theory.

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Sex Differences in Relationships Between Perceived Coach-Induced Motivational Climates, Basic Psychological Needs, and Behavior Regulation Among Young Swimmers

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/0031512520926805 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 127 (5) ◽

pp. 891-911

Author(s):

F. Rodrigues ◽

R. Macedo ◽

L. Cid ◽

D. S. Teixeira ◽

D. A. Marinho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Female Athletes ◽

Polynomial Regression ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Behavioral Regulation ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction ◽

Motivational Climates ◽

And Behavior

This study analyzed independent and codependent effects of task- and ego-involving motivational climates on basic psychological need satisfaction and behavioral regulation (i.e., autonomous and controlled motivation) among young athletes. Participants were young Portuguese female ( n = 114) and male ( n = 324) swimmers, nested within four different clubs. Participants completed a multisection survey, assessing motivational climates, basic psychological needs satisfaction, and behavioral regulation. We used polynomial regression analysis with surface response methodology to analyze the interactions between these constructs. We found that perceived task- and ego-involving motivational climates were not mutually exclusive; rather, their relationship depended on how athletes perceived coaches’ behaviors and how coaches emphasized one or both climates. Coaches who fostered both motivational climates promoted positive outcomes among male (but not female) athletes.

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The German Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000107 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 137-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Pamela Rackow ◽

Urte Scholz ◽

Rainer Hornung

Keyword(s):

Physical Exercise ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Strong Correlations ◽

Female Age ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Valid Instrument

Self-determination theory (SDT) has become an established framework for exploring motivational processes in physical exercise. The integral components of SDT are three basic psychological needs. For our study we translated and validated a German scale that measures need satisfaction in exercise. A total of 614 individuals (n = 347 female, age: M = 38.39 years, SD = 12.05) recruited from a private fitness center, various sport clubs, and the Academic Sports Association Zurich, Switzerland, took part in the online-based baseline assessment (T1). Nine months later, 216 participants completed the online follow-up questionnaire (T2). The results demonstrate adequate factor validity and internal consistency at both measurement points. Moreover, construct validity was demonstrated by medium to strong correlations of several motives to exercise and the self-efficacy of physical exercise. In addition, the three subscales were differentially predictive for different types of motivation (for example, intrinsic and extrinsic) at T2, indicating good criterion validity. The newly developed German scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing need satisfaction in the context of physical exercise and predicting motivation over time.

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An Empirical Investigation of the Employee Work Passion Appraisal Model Using Self-Determination Theory

Advances in Developing Human Resources ◽

10.1177/1523422318756636 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 148-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anaïs Thibault-Landry ◽

Richard Egan ◽

Laurence Crevier-Braud ◽

Lara Manganelli ◽

Jacques Forest

Keyword(s):

Human Resource Development ◽

Cognitive Appraisals ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Self Determination ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction ◽

Work Passion ◽

Psychological Need Satisfaction

The Problem Employee work passion theory offers an appraisal-based approach that explains how work passion is formulated in individuals. Self-determination theory postulates that the satisfaction of three basic psychological human needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy) is essential for individuals to flourish and thrive at work. The role of basic psychological need satisfaction in the employee work passion appraisal process is yet to be examined. The Solution We investigated the relations between employees’ cognitive appraisals of their work environment characteristics (work cognitions), their basic psychological need satisfaction, and their work intentions. Our study provided empirical evidence showing that employees’ cognitive appraisals of work characteristics such as job autonomy, task variety, meaningful work, and performance expectations were positively related to basic psychological need satisfaction, which, in turn, positively impacted their work intentions, thus indicating the subjective experience of work passion. The Stakeholders Results suggest that organizational leaders, supervisors, and human resource development (HRD) practitioners could develop interventions that promote specific workplace characteristics and are aimed at contributing to the fulfillment of employees’ basic psychological needs. In so doing, employees and stakeholders could benefit from the individual and organizational outcomes that flow from employees experiencing greater work passion.

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Predicting Effects of ADHD Symptoms and Mindfulness on Smartphone Overuse in Athletes: A Basic Psychological Needs Perspective

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13116027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 6027

Author(s):

Chunxiao Li ◽

Ying Hwa Kee ◽

Chun-Qing Zhang ◽

Rong Fan

Keyword(s):

Positive Association ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Need Frustration ◽

Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction

Informed by basic psychological need theory, this study was undertaken to examine the relationship between self-reported symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mindfulness, basic psychological need satisfaction/frustration, and smartphone overuse among athletes. Athletes (n = 360, Mage = 20.27, male = 72.5%) completed a survey that measured the outcomes of interest. Path analysis indicated that greater ADHD symptoms were both directly related to higher smartphone overuse scores and indirectly related to greater smartphone overuse scores via need frustration. Higher mindfulness scores were associated with lower levels of need frustration and greater levels of need satisfaction. Mindfulness moderated the positive association between ADHD symptoms and need frustration. Specifically, the positive association between ADHD symptoms and need frustration was attenuated in the presence of higher levels of mindfulness among participants with a lower risk of ADHD. Surprisingly, the same association was heightened among participants with a higher risk of ADHD. These findings highlight the significant role of need frustration in explaining the underlying process from ADHD symptoms to smartphone overuse.

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How Can We Improve Teacher’s Work Engagement? Based on Chinese Experiences

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.721450 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Danhui Zhang ◽

Jingwen He ◽

Dingmeng Fu

Keyword(s):

Intrinsic Motivation ◽

Work Engagement ◽

Autonomy Support ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Teacher Autonomy ◽

Psychological Need ◽

Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction ◽

Perceived Autonomy Support

Drawing on Self-Determination Theory, the current study analysed the relationship between teachers’ perceived autonomy support and work engagement while it also explored the mediating effect of basic psychological need satisfaction and intrinsic motivation. The study investigated 520 elementary teachers in Beijing, and we found the following: (1) teachers in different groups reported diverse senses of perceived autonomy support, in that teachers with less teaching experience as well as those with a master’s degree have a higher score regarding the perceptions of teacher autonomy; and (2) teacher autonomy can affect work engagement not only in terms of the satisfaction of basic psychological needs but also by the chain of satisfaction of basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation. Teachers with more autonomy support will have higher basic psychological need satisfaction and stronger teaching motivation, which will further enhance their work engagement.

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