scholarly journals Coping with Supervisor Sanctions During Organizational Change: Core Members’ Active Change Behavior and Followers’ Middle Way Thinking

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6277
Author(s):  
Yuan Jing Luo ◽  
Yan Ping Li ◽  
Jing Du
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Middle Way ◽  
Change Behavior ◽  
Active Change

Recent research has shown that an organizational change implementation tactic is vital for influencing employee reactions to change. Hard tactics, such as supervisor sanction, are generally verified as obstructive to employees’ positive change behavior. The aim of this study is to identify the contingency circumstances under which sanction would be less harmful or even effective to change. By identifying the organizational situational influence of core members’ active change behavior and followers’ individual differences of middle way thinking, this study constructed a model that offers insight into the effectiveness of supervisor sanctions during change. Data from 250 employees in China were gathered by questionnaires. Results from hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) revealed that core members’ behavior neutralized the negative effect of supervisor sanctions on followers’ active change behavior. Moreover, this moderating effect was further magnified by followers’ personal middle way thinking value. The conclusions emphasized the roles of core members’ supportive behavior to change, which acts as role model, and of the individual middle way thinking values that have sustained Eastern Asia for thousands of years in successfully implementing change. The findings provide insights for the successful implementation tactics in organization change and enrich the understanding of the organizational change process. Research should continue to treat followers’ change reactions as a synergy output of situational factors and individual characteristics and examine the variables of these dimensions in the work environment.

scholarly journals Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Relationship quality, dan employee performanced alam ContinuousI ncremental Organizational Change : Tinjauan Kritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noni Setyorini
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Linear Modeling

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melakukan tinjauan kritis pada artikel yang berjudul “Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Relationship quality, dan employee performance dalam Continuous Incremental Organizational Change”. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah HLM (hierarchical linear modeling), sedangkan sampel diambil dari dua perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang jasa di China. Setelah dilakukan sebagian besar hipotesis dinyatakan didukung. Artikel ini dipandang memiliki kelengkapan komponen artikel yang baik, namun setelah ditinjau lebih dalam terdapat beberapa hal yang perlu diperbaiki. 

scholarly journals The Impact of Individual Characteristics and Branch Characteristics on Housing Agent Performance: Heckit model and Hierarchical Linear Modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Chang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
College Level ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impacts of individual characteristics and branch characteristics on housing agent performance. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to provide estimations. The empirical results suggest that individual performance varies significantly from branch to branch and is better in branches with higher levels of compensation for individual performance. Individual characteristics including college level education, having children over the age of six, work experience, the square of work experience, and work experience outside the real estate industry have significant effects on individual performance. Individual performance is also better in branches with requirements for hours worked. The individual performance of salespeople working under team compensation schemes is not significantly better than that of salespeople working in branches without team compensation schemes. When the average housing prices for the areas in which branches operate are higher, individual performance will be higher. As the average housing price for an area increases, however, the corresponding increase in individual performance will be less and less strong. According to the empirical results, there was a degree of self-selection in the samples. The results of two-stage estimation were not significantly different from the estimation results of the original model. Hence, the results demonstrate the robustness of the estimation model used.

Engaging in Creative Work: The Influences of Personal Value, Autonomy at Work, and National Socialization for Self-Directedness in 50 Nations

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Chi-Kwan Chiu ◽  
Vivian Miu-Chi Lun ◽  
Michael Harris Bond
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Job Autonomy ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
World Value Survey ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to examine why and how individuals’ self-reported engagement in creative work is separately and jointly influenced by dispositional, situational, and national-cultural factors worldwide. Using data abstracted from the World Value Survey, we proposed a multi-level model testing how the relationship between individuals’ creative value orientation and their self-reported creative work engagement is contingent on perceived job autonomy and how such interaction is further moderated by the dimension of national socialization for Self-Directedness in developing its human capital. Data provided by a total of 35,120 employees from 50 nations were included in our hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses. As hypothesized, the relationship between an employee’s creative value orientation and creative job engagement is moderated by job autonomy, such that the relationship is stronger when the job held is more autonomous rather than less. However, the relationship of this Person × Situation interaction to creative work engagement was not as extensive as expected—It is stronger in nations emphasizing Self-Directedness in socializing its children. Our findings thus offer conceptual guidelines and practical insights to national and firm leaders aspiring to effect actions for creativity using both personal and situational factors in a given national-cultural context.

The Relationship Between Leader–Member Exchange and Employees’ Proactive Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Fong-Yi Lai ◽  
Szu-Chi Lu ◽  
Cheng-Chen Lin ◽  
Yu-Chin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract. The present study proposed that, unlike prior leader–member exchange (LMX) research which often implicitly assumed that each leader develops equal-quality relationships with their supervisors (leader’s LMX; LLX), every leader develops different relationships with their supervisors and, in turn, receive different amounts of resources. Moreover, these differentiated relationships with superiors will influence how leader–member relationship quality affects team members’ voice and creativity. We adopted a multi-temporal (three wave) and multi-source (leaders and employees) research design. Hypotheses were tested on a sample of 227 bank employees working in 52 departments. Results of the hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis showed that LLX moderates the relationship between LMX and team members’ voice behavior and creative performance. Strengths, limitations, practical implications, and directions for future research are discussed.

THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF FORECASTING THE COST OF A SOFTWARE PRODUCT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlo Rodionov ◽  
◽  
Anna Ploskonos ◽  
Lesya Gavrutenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Continue Research ◽  
Cocomo Model ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

The paper analyzes the factors that affect the amount of effort required to create a mobile application and its cost. It is established that the main factors of influence are the design of the application, its functionality, the type of mobile platform, the availability and level of testing and support, as well as the individual characteristics of the developer. Based on the analysis of information sources, the main methods and approaches to forecasting the cost of software products are identified, which include the COCOMO model, Price-to-win method, expert evaluation, algorithmic methods and the method of analogies. It is proposed to consider the method of analogies as a tool that allows you to make predictions about the cost of resources required for the successful implementation of IT projects based on the experience of similar projects. It is proved that the advantages of this method are the simplicity of its implementation and the clarity of the results obtained, which follows from the practical orientation of this tool. Among the limitations of the method of analogy is the mandatory need for reliable data relating to similar projects, as well as the difficulty of taking into account unspecified indicators. Taking into account the mentioned limitations of the method of analogies and on the basis of the analysis of scientific sources the possible directions of its optimization are determined. Thus, among the ways to improve the effectiveness of this method are those aimed at optimizing the project selection process, the data for which are used as a basis for forecasting. Attempts to improve the method of analogies by including parameters that were previously ignored by this technique seem promising. This in turn can lead to an expansion of the scope of the method of analogies and increase the accuracy of forecasts. As prospects for further research, the need to continue research in the field of optimization of the method of analogies with the subsequent practical verification of theoretical positions on the data of real projects.

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