scholarly journals Hydrochemical Types of Spring Waters in West Carpathian Catchments (Poland) under Different Pressure of Acidic Deposition

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7158
Author(s):  
Michał Jasik ◽  
Stanisław Małek ◽  
Katarzyna Krakowian
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Hydrochemical Types ◽  
Continuous Accumulation

Springs are natural outflows of groundwater to the surface and are often the only places to gain insights into underground processes, especially in protected areas. Contact with rocks changes the parameters of water, especially its chemical composition, which can be easily expressed via hydrochemical typing using the Szczukariew–Priklonski classification. Knowledge of the distribution and chemical compositions of springs is essential for a good hydrological and hydrogeological understanding of a given area. In previous decades, underground water remained mostly uncontaminated, and the ions used in the Szczukariew–Priklonski classification, namely, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, SO42− and HCO3−, provided accurate descriptions of this water. However, due to anthropogenic activity in the last decades, NO3− and NH4+ ions in shares greater than 20% have been frequently noted in underground and spring water. Research has been conducted in two forested regions: within the Skrzyczne range, which is under pressure from high air pollution coming from the Ostrava and Upper Silesia industrial districts, and in Gorce National Park, which is impacted by low-level air pollution. Water samples were collected three times per year in 2011 and 2012 at various water levels after a spring snow thaw, a period of heavy rain and a dry period. A search for the following ions was conducted: Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+, HCO3−, SO42−, Cl− and NO3−. Under the Szczukariew–Priklonski classification system, due to the continuous accumulation of nitrogen compounds from air pollution, the shares of nitrates and ammonium ions in underground water and spring water are likely to increase.

The influence of artificial windbreaks on loss of soil water from a continuously grazed pasture during a dry period

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (103) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Lynch ◽  
RL Elwin ◽  
BE Mottershead
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Stocking Rates

Soil water was recorded in paddocks with artificial windbreaks and in unsheltered paddocks at each of two stocking rates over a dry period of 29 days after soil had drained to field capacity following heavy rain. Significantly less water (12.3 mm) was lost from the two sheltered paddocks compared with the two unsheltered paddocks, a large saving of water over a single drying period. Since the metabolizable energy intake by grazing animals was higher by an average of 18% in the sheltered paddocks at both stocking rates it is inferred that some of this water was used for plant production, resulting in a higher herbage availability over the dry period in the sheltered paddocks than in those without shelter. Windbreaks should be considered in environments where there are periods during which water stress is the only factor limiting plant growth and the occurrence of rainfall is uncertain. Windbreaks may be of particular use in paddocks with lambing or lactating ewes or paddocks used for fattening lambs.

Water Level Fluctuation in a Northeastern Ontario Peatland

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Dai ◽  
V. F. Haavisto ◽  
J. H. Sparling
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Poor Fen ◽  
Run Off

Depths to water level and changes due to local climate were dissimilar in five peatland conditions in northeastern Ontario. The deepest water level and the greatest fluctuations occurred in an ombrotrophic black spruce bog site. The sedge-dominated poor fen site was submerged following every heavy rain. Waterlogged conditions remained within 6 cm of the surface at all times because of the influence by the water level of Dai Lake. The water level of Dai Lake varied within a narrow range because the loss of water was primarily dependent on slow seepage and evaporation. The lagg site was affected by continuous inflow, high water levels, and fast run-off, therefore, a larger fluctuation of water level prevailed at this site.

scholarly journals Geochemical composition of sapropel in lakes: reflections of paleoenvironmental conditions and anthropogenic influence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Satkūnas ◽  
Vaidotas Valskys ◽  
Gytautas Ignatavičius ◽  
Alma Grigienė
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Geochemical and lithological parameters of sapropel in lakes, combined with pollen data and radiocarbon 14C datings, contain a wide spectrum of environmental information. This includes records of fluctuations of water level and changes of conditions of sedimentation, accumulation of organic matter and chemical elements due to climate change, human impacts and other environmental changes. Four lakes with different trophic states and anthropogenic pressures were chosen for this study in Lithuania. Lake Balsys has a mesotrophic state while Lakes Didžiulis, Salotė and Gineitiškės have eutrophic states. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to analyse concentrations of chemical elements, loss-on-ignition to determine organic, mineral and carbonate matter, pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating were applied for determination of paleoenvironmental conditions and age of sediments. Results of this study demonstrated rather different chemical compositions of sapropels in these lakes. Human impacts are evident in the upper layers of sapropel in all lakes, however very specific and complex geochemical composition was determined in deeper layers of sapropel in the different lakes. Higher concentrations of elements like Cr and Zn are expected in deeper layers of sapropel and are attributed to lithogenic association of trace elements. Pb and Cu were detected in upper layers of sapropel which indicates the impact of anthropogenic activity. Sapropel of eutrophic lakes (Salotė and Gineitiškės) is enriched by high concentrations of heavy metals (galbūt naudoti tiesiog chemical elements?) (Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn). Their main source was multidimensional anthropogenic pollution leading to a biogenic-anthropogenic association of elements. Sapropel with low concentrations of heavy metals exhibits a different inter-association matrix because most of the elements tend to form lithogenic-clastogenic associations.

scholarly journals Geographical dimensions of the high ground water levels in the city of Hit

2018 ◽  
Vol 216 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Assist prof Dr. Mishaal Faisal Gdhab
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Euphrates River ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
River City ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

       We tried in this research can offer a simple explanation for the problem of high groundwater levels in the city of Hit. And its repercussions on economic, environmental, social and health aspects in the city,We were checked in the causes and dimensions and give a scientific vision in order to overcome the obstacles.We have adopted the style inductive and field survey and analysis of the questionnaire, which was distributed to a sample of homes form.The study found that the most important results of the natural world (geology and surface) that a significant impact on this phenomenon. Also it left a large, social and environmental health and economic impacts on the city and its inhabitants. We greet you see the ground and salted Rookery, ponds, swamps and pollutants .... and housing that lacks the gardens. And walls cracked by moisture and become the most residential and public buildings infected with diseases buildings and extinction and the many diseases that affect the health of urban populations and the dispersion of land use and contamination of optical and environmental hit even sources of water supply and of the Euphrates River city and provided a scientific vision for treatment, among them the work of bumpers impede the progress of the underground water and increasing the discharge Trocars the old lining   

scholarly journals Flood Warning and Monitoring System Utilizing Internet of Things Technology

2019 ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
Mohamad Syafiq Mohd Sabre ◽  
Shahrum Shah Abdullah ◽  
Amrul Faruq
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wireless Sensor Node ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology

Flooding is one of the major disasters occurring in various parts of the world including Malaysia. To reduce the effect of the disaster, a flood warning and monitoring are needed to give an early warning to the victims at certain place with high prone to flood. By implementing Internet of Thing technology into the system, it could help the victim to get an accurate status of flood in real-time condition. This paper is develop a real-time flood monitoring and early warning system using wireless sensor node at a high prone area of flood. This system is based on NodeMCU based technology integrated using Blynk application. The wireless sensor node can help the victims by detecting the water levels and rain intensity while giving an early warning when a flood or heavy rain occurs. Basically, the sensor node consists of ultrasonic sensor and rain sensor controlled by NodeMCU as the microcontroller of the system which placed at the identified flood area. Buzzer and LED started to trigger and alert the victim when the flood had reached certain level of hazard. Data detected from the sensors are sent to the Blynk application via wireless connection. Victim will get to know the current status of flood and rain by viewing the interface and receiving push notification that available in Blynk application via IOS or Android smartphones. The flood level’s data sent to the email could help various organizations for further improvement of the system and flood forecasting purposes. After a test had been conducted, it was found that this prototype can monitor, detect and give warning with notification to the victim earlier before the occurrence of floods.

scholarly journals Simulation of Flood Event in Kelantan on December 2014 as revealed by the HEC-HMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Muhamad Zulhilmi Abdul Latif
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Similar Magnitude ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Flood Analysis ◽  
Peak Discharges

A devastating flood disaster occurred at Kuala Krai, Kelantan on December 2014. The flood disaster had given a significant destructive impact on the infrastructure and as a result, almost 1,600 homes were lost or destroyed. This extreme flood event killed 25 villages and forced 45,467 people in Kuala Krai, Kelantan to be evacuated from their homes. Continuous heavy rain for over three days from the 21st to the 23rd of December, 2014 was set a rainfall record of 1,295 mm, equivalent to the amount of rain usually seen in a span of 64 days. As a result, the water levels of three major rivers, the Sungai Galas in Dabong, the Sungai Lebir in Tualang and the Sungai Kelantan in Jambatan Gueillemard, rose above the dangerous water levels. It is essential to estimate the extent of flood inundation. The objective of this study is to simulate flood event in December 2014 by using HEC-HMS. The results show the peak discharges and inundations occurred approximately on the 25th December 2014; 18,575.7 m3/s to be almost similar magnitude as reported by DID 2014 Flood Report. These findings led to the conclusion that the HEC-HMS model is useful as a flood analysis tool.

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