scholarly journals Texture and Other Quality Attributes in Olives and Leaf Characteristics after Preharvest Calcium Chloride Sprays

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1852-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Tsantili ◽  
Miltiadis V. Christopoulos ◽  
Constantinos A. Pontikis ◽  
Pantousis Kaltsikes ◽  
Chariklia Kallianou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
Negative Effect

The effect of three preharvest sprays with water or 58.5 mm calcium chloride (CaCl2) on texture and other quality attributes was investigated in ‘Konservolia’ olives harvested at the black-ripe stage and measured after 1 and 15 days of storage in air at 10 °C with 85% relative humidity. Effects on fruit calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations during the period of spray applications were also studied. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, and chlorophyll and photosynthesis rate in leaves were measured on the day of final fruit harvest. No foliar or fruit toxicity was observed. In leaves, Ca sprays increased Mg but did not affect Ca and chlorophyll concentration and photosynthesis rate. In fruits, Ca sprays prevented the gradual decrease in Ca concentration that occurred in untreated fruits and maintained Mg at constant levels during ripening on the tree but did not affect fruit size and oil content as measured 1 day after storage. Ca-treated fruits were firmer with lower soluble pectin (SP) concentration and higher calcium pectate (CaP) than controls in both storage days, whereas the protopectin levels were similar in all fruits. Results showed positive linear correlation between Ca concentration and either firmness or CaP, whereas that between Ca and SP was negative as found in fruits stored for 1 day. Fruit production rates of carbon dioxide and ethylene, L* and chroma (C*) of peel, and hue angle (h°) of flesh were unaffected either by Ca treatment or storage time. Ca treatment did not affect fruit weight loss, the decreases in peel h° and flesh L*, but increased flesh C* during storage. The results indicate positive effects of preharvest calcium sprays on olive firmness without any negative effect on fruits or leaves.

Phenotypic variability and agronomic traits of açaí tree matrices in the state of Pará, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Rosemiro Dos Santos Galate ◽  
Jessivaldo Rodrigues Galvão ◽  
Tiago Kesajiro Moraes Yakuwa ◽  
Deivison Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Merilene Do Socorro Silva Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea Mart

Açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is a native palm tree from the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. It is considered an economically viable source of anthocyanins for the dye and medicine industries. This study aimed to estimate the phenotypic variability and to select genotypes for genetic improvement. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate phenotypic variability. Truncated selection was performed for fruit production per bunch. The collected samples presented the highest fruit yield per cluster of all studied region. Number of fruits per cluster and stem circumference are possibly controlled by few genes. longitudinal fruit diameter may have recessive genes that are decreasing fruit size. Fruit weight, seed weight, pulp weight, number of stem per plant, total cluster length, fruit weight per cluster and pulp yield per fruit presented frequency distribution in favor of heterozygotes. There some characteristics controlled by few genes, with evidence of selection and spontaneous domestication of the matrices.

scholarly journals 248 Influence of Early Rowcover Removal and Supported Rowcovers on Yield, Earliness, and Fruit Size of Strawberries Grown under Plasticulture

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 433F-434
Author(s):  
Peter Nitzsche ◽  
Joseph Fiola
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Late Frost ◽  
Early Production

Growers in Northern New Jersey are slowly adopting strawberry plasticulture as an improved production system. One advantage of the system is early fruit production. Early fruit usually brings high prices in the marketplace. With early production, however, there is an increased risk of a late frost damaging flowers and fruit. Removing floating rowcover winter protection earlier than flowering may cause strawberries to bloom later, reducing the risk of frost damage. Supporting the rowcovers above the crop with wire hoops may also provide better winter protection and improve fruit production. In 2 years of field trials, removing floating rowcovers 2 weeks before anticipated bloom reduced early yield and delayed the first harvest by 2 to 3 days. Total marketable yield and average fruit weight were not significantly influenced by early removal. Plants with rowcovers supported with wire hoops did not produce significantly greater total yields or average fruit weights than plants protected by unsupported rowcovers. The wire hoops caused damage to the rowcovers, which may make their use in commercial production impractical.

scholarly journals Çilekte Sulama Düzeyleri ile Malç Uygulamalarının Pomolojik Özellikler Üzerine Etkileri

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Burçak Kapur ◽  
Yeşim Şahiner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Control Application ◽  
And Control

In this study, the effects of two different irrigation regimes (IR100 and IR50) and three different mulch materials (grey, black, transparent and control) on the soil moisture and some pomological characteristics on strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Fortuna) were examined under Spanish type high tunnels which Turkey is the fourth producer in the world. As a result of the study, soil moisture content under the grey mulch (34.3%) in IR100 (397 mm) applications was highest during the vegetation period and it was followed by black (33.4%), transparent (27.3%) and control (23.9%) applications respectively. The control application is very close to the wilting point in IR50 (288 mm) irrigation regime and the water content increases with mulching via the highest moisture content is in grey (26.3%), black (24.9%) and transparent (23.8%). In addition to the increase in the yield of strawberries with increasing amount of irrigation water, the average fruit weight increased significantly. As well as positive effects such as weed control, soil moisture preservation, of mulching also the fruit size were significantly increased. It was determined that the best fruit sizes were obtained from plants using gray mulch, followed by black mulch which was widely used commercially. The lowest value was obtained from control parcels. The amount of water-soluble dry matter (WSDM) increased significantly with decreasing irrigation water. The mulch types used had no significant effect on WSMD, and the value varied between 7.9 and 8.2%. Even if the effect of irrigation levels on the fruit hardness is insignificant, it is determined that the increasing irrigation water has a positive effect on the hardness of the fruit. Consequently, the most effective agricultural application in different mulch and irrigation water applications is Gary IR100. However, it is important to evaluate this judgment economically in order to be offered to the producer.

scholarly journals Flower Position and Size Impact Ovule Number per Flower, Fruitset, and Fruit Size in Pomegranate

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Y. Wetzstein ◽  
Weiguang Yi ◽  
Justin A. Porter ◽  
Nadav Ravid
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Flower Type ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Flower Quality

Pomegranate trees (Punica granatum) produce large numbers of both hermaphroditic (bisexual) flowers that produce fruit and functionally male flowers that characteristically abort. Excessive production of male flowers can result in decreased yields resulting from their inability to set fruit. Within hermaphroditic flowers, sex expression appears to follow a spectrum ranging from those exhibiting strong to weak pistil development. Unknown is the scope that flower quality plays in influencing fruit production. A description of floral characteristics and how they vary with flowers of different sizes and positions is lacking in pomegranate and was the focus of this study. Furthermore, the effects of flower size and position on fruit set and fruit size were evaluated. This study documents that flower size characteristics and ovule development can be quite variable and are related to flower type and position. Single and terminal flowers within a cluster were larger than lateral flowers. In addition, lateral flowers exhibited a high frequency of flowers with poor ovule development sufficient to negatively impact fruiting in that flower type. Ovule numbers per flower were significantly influenced by flower size with more ovules in larger flowers. Pollination studies verified significantly higher fruit set and fruit weight, and larger commercial size distributions were obtained with larger vs. smaller flowers. Thus, flower quality is an important issue in pomegranate. Cultural and environmental factors that influence flower size and vigor may have a direct consequence on fruit production and yield.

scholarly journals Sustainable Cornelian Cherry Production in Montenegro: Importance of Local Genetic Resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8651
Author(s):  
Vučeta Jaćimović ◽  
Djina Božović ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Borut Bosančić ◽  
Tomas Necas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Total Anthocyanins

Cornelian cherries has been grown Balkan peninsula no apparent disease and pest problems for centuries. The most important pomological and technological properties of cornelian cherry genetic resources (eleven local and introduced varieties and selections) in Gornje Polimlje, Montenegro were studied in four-year periods. Fruit weight, stone weight, and mesocarp/stone ratio shows great variation and varied between 1.89 to 6.16 g, 0.32 to 0.64 g and between 76.66 and 90.59%, respectively. Genotypes significantly differed each other in terms of yield determined as per trunk cross section area (TCSA). For better visualization of the agronomical traits important to the yield, i.e., yield per TCSA and fruit weight data is presented in combination as measured in the years of study. The best promising genotypes are Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, and Krupnoplodni NS, which had consistently higher yield and large fruits for sustainable fruit production. Dry matter, total sugars, reducing sugars, sucrose, total acidity, Ca–pectate, vitamin C, total anthocyanins, total polyphenols, and ash content of cornelian cherry cultivars and selections were found between 19.81–24.46%, 10.94–14.47%, 10.44–13.09%, 0.24–1.23%, 1.92–2.51%, 2.76–4.43%, 41.09–101.27 mg/100 g, 0–157.06 mg/100 g, 183.91–307.9 mg/100 g, and 0.89–1.16%, respectively. The amount of potassium, which predominates in percentage of minerals in the ash, ranged from 2888 to 3574 mg/kg. The extensiveness of the study leads, therefore, to several clear conclusions and recommendations. Consistently, the best balance of biochemical elements in combination with good yield and fruit size measurements is found in selection Krupnoplodi NS. If consider fruit size and yield efficiency are priority, Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, Kosten 3, and Krupnoplodni NS have clear advantage over the other genotypes. The study highlights the importance of local cornelian cherry selections for sustainable cornelian cherry production in Montenegro.

scholarly journals Prohexadione-Ca Reduces Russet and Does Not Negate the Efficacy of GA4+7 Sprays for Russet Control on ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven McArtney ◽  
J.D. Obermiller ◽  
A. Green
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

A series of four experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effects of individual and combined applications of prohexadione-Ca (P-Ca) and GA4+7 primarily on fruit russet, but also on fruit set, fruit weight, early season shoot growth, and fruit maturity of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.). A single application of P-Ca (138 to 167 mg·L−1) at petal fall (PF) reduced the severity of russet in three of the four experiments; however, multiple applications of 20 ppm GA4+7 at 10-day intervals beginning at PF generally reduced russet more effectively than P-Ca. P-Ca did not reduce the efficacy of GA4+7 sprays for russet reduction. However, GA4+7 sprays reduced the inhibitory effects of P-Ca on shoot growth measured 30 days after PF. A single application of P-Ca at PF had no effect on mean fruit weight at harvest. Fruit size was lowest for the combined P-Ca and GA4+7 treatment in every experiment, although there was a significant interaction between P-Ca and GA4+7 sprays on mean fruit weight in only one experiment. There were no consistent effects of P-Ca and GA4+7 sprays, alone or in combination, on fruit maturity parameters at harvest. These data show that a single application of P-Ca at PF reduced russet severity, and the effects of P-Ca and GA4+7 sprays on russet can be additive. The economic benefits resulting from a reduction in russet severity after combined P-Ca and GA4+7 sprays will need to be balanced against their occasional negative effect on fruit size. Chemical names used: prohexadione-calcium [3-oxido-4-propionyl-5-oxo-3 cyclohexenecarboxylate formulated as Apogee (27.5% a.i.)].

scholarly journals Rootstock, Canopy Architecture, Bark Girdling, and Scoring Influence on Growth, Productivity, and Fruit Quality at Harvest in ‘Aztec Fuji’ Apple

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1629-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Michael J. Kiester ◽  
Bahar Fallahi ◽  
Shahla Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Training System ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
Size Controlling

The increasing scarcity of land and water for agriculture mandates an efficient use of these natural resources. Establishment of high-density orchards with the use of a size-controlling rootstock, in combination with a suitable canopy architecture, is an efficient method for fruit production. However, less attention has been paid to the use of size-controlling practices such as trunk girdling in these modern orchard systems. The impacts of two rootstocks, two tree architectures, and three levels of bark cambium cuts (girdling or scoring) on growth, yield, fruit quality attributes at harvest, and leaf nitrogen (N) in ‘Aztec Fuji’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) were studied in 2015 and 2016. Trees on Nic 29 had larger canopies, higher yields, and larger fruit, but lower fruit color, sunburn, and firmness than those on Bud 9. Trees with a tall spindle (TS) architecture had higher yield in 2016, higher fruit soluble solids and firmness in 2015, higher fruit russet in 2016, but shorter terminal growth in both 2015 and 2016 and lower leaf N in 2015 than did those with a central leader (CL) training system. Trees receiving a bark girdling in 2015 (BG15) or score girdling in 2015 and 2016 (SG1516) had significantly higher yield than trees on nongirdled trees (NOGD) in 2016. Bark girdling or score girdling in 2015 (BG15 or SG15) increased fruit weight (size), color, and firmness at harvest in the same year, although differences for score girdling were not always significant. However, BG15 or SG15 did not have a “carryover” effect and did not affect fruit size, color, or firmness at harvest in 2016. When bark scoring was repeated in 2016 (SG1516), fruit size was increased in 2016. On the basis of the results of this 2-year study, it appears that bark girdling in one year is sufficient to increase fruit size of the current year and the yield in the following year. If larger fruit size is the critical objective of fruit production, annual score girdling needs to be practiced. However, a further long-term study is needed to monitor the carryover effects of cambium girdling and scoring on tree performance and fruit quality attributes in the subsequent years.

scholarly journals Manage of crop load to improve fruit quality in plums

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pozzobom Pavanello ◽  
Michael Zoth ◽  
Ricardo Antonio Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Mechanical Thinning ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Abstract The crop load of European plums must be adjusted to achieve high quality with adequate size and skin color in order to attend market requirements. The present study had the objective to investigate the effects of chemical and mechanical thinning, applied isolated and in combination of both, at different phenological stages of Katinka plum growing in Southern Germany. The following thinners were tested: mechanical thinning, chemical thinning with Ammoniumthiosulfate - ATS, Ethephon, Prohexadione-Calcium and Gibberellin. Mechanical thinning treatment isolated or associated with ATS. Significantly increased fruit drop and reduced the yield. It also, increased fruit size and fruit weight when compared to the control plants. Also Ethephon increased fruit drop and fruit size when compared to the control plants. Among to other chemical treatments, no positive effects were observed for fruit thinning when compared to the control plants.

scholarly journals Nutrient Supply Effects on the Fruit Quality of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2005 ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
József Racskó ◽  
Gábor Drén ◽  
Sándor Thurzó
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Fruit Diameter

The aim of our two year study is to research the effect of nutrient supply on apple fruit quality, and to explore the relationships between selected fruit quality parameters.Observations were made in Kálmánháza (in the eastern part of Hungary), on a commercial apple orchard. In this experiment, we studied the nutrient supply reaction of four apple cultivars (Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Idared and Jonathan Csány) under different N and NPK doses. The following fruit quality parameters were studied: fruit diameter, fruit height, fruit weight, flesh firmness, colour-coverage and we studied the density of foliage.The research results showed that N fertilization has a great effect on fruit quality. This is shown in the cases of increase of fruit size (fruit diameter, fruit height, fruit weight). The increase is proportional with the N doses, accordingly the highest positive difference was observed by using 100 kg/ha N doses. It is important to note that moderate N doses (75 kg/ha) plus P and K additions also had positive effects. There approached the values of 100 kg/ha N, and even exceeded its values in the cultivar Golden Reinders. The increased N doses enlarged the standard deviation, on the other hand, this parameter was low in the cases of balanced NPK fertilization. The nutrient supply increased the vegetative area (density of foliage) in addition to the generative parts, in particular only N fertilizer. However the denser foliage hindered the growth of fruit weight and colour-coverage, and also decreased the fruit quality and the flesh firmness of cultivars, which have a negative effect on storageability.A linear correlation was demonstrated between the fruit weight and colour-coverage, or between fruit weight and flesh firmness. The character of their relationship was similar, but the direction differed: high fruit weight was with high colour-coverage, but with low flesh firmness.

scholarly journals Genetic Correlations and Path Analysis in Butternut Squash Cucurbita moschata Duch

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 7399-7409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanín Ortiz Grisales ◽  
Magda Piedad Valdés Restrepo ◽  
Franco Alirio Vallejo Cabrera ◽  
Diosdado Baena García
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Total Plant

A genetic correlation and path analysis was carried out for yield and fruit quality components of diallel crosses of butternut squash Cucurbita moschata Duch, using open-pollinated introductions, S0 and inbred lines S1 and S2 at two sites: Candelaria and Buga, located in the Department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia. A split-plot experimental design with arranged, random blocks and four replicates was used. The average fruit weight presented positive genetic correlations with the total production per plant in all three generations and at both test sites. The total plant dry matter and total production per plant presented a high genetic correlation, and the fruit dry matter was inversely correlated with the total carotene. The total carotene and fruit color were independent. The path analysis confirmed high genetic correlations between the number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, and total plant dry matter, with direct, positive effects, that were significantly greater than zero for the variables of number of fruits per plant and average fruit weight in regards to the total plant dry matter. The total production per plant expressed a direct, negative effect on the total plant dry matter. The fruit dry matter presented an indirect, negative effect on the total plant dry matter through the average fruit weight and an indirect, positive effect through the total production per plant.

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