Phenotypic variability and agronomic traits of açaí tree matrices in the state of Pará, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Rosemiro Dos Santos Galate ◽  
Jessivaldo Rodrigues Galvão ◽  
Tiago Kesajiro Moraes Yakuwa ◽  
Deivison Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Merilene Do Socorro Silva Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea Mart

Açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is a native palm tree from the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. It is considered an economically viable source of anthocyanins for the dye and medicine industries. This study aimed to estimate the phenotypic variability and to select genotypes for genetic improvement. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate phenotypic variability. Truncated selection was performed for fruit production per bunch. The collected samples presented the highest fruit yield per cluster of all studied region. Number of fruits per cluster and stem circumference are possibly controlled by few genes. longitudinal fruit diameter may have recessive genes that are decreasing fruit size. Fruit weight, seed weight, pulp weight, number of stem per plant, total cluster length, fruit weight per cluster and pulp yield per fruit presented frequency distribution in favor of heterozygotes. There some characteristics controlled by few genes, with evidence of selection and spontaneous domestication of the matrices.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters of traits at the juvenile stage of different assai palm tree progenies

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 815-823
Author(s):  
Patricia Cardoso Andrade Navegantes ◽  
Maria do Socorro Padilha de Oliveira ◽  
José Airton Rodrigues Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Mixed Model Approach ◽  
Randomized Design

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate genetic parameters of traits at the juvenile stage of different assai palm (Euterpe oleracea) tree progenies, as well as to select among and within the most promising for fruit production. A total of 34 half-sib and 16 full-sib progenies were evaluated in a completely randomized design with eight replicates and one plant per plot. Nine traits were measured in five harvests, and the data were analyzed using the mixed model approach. The genetic variance was significant for most of the traits. Progeny-mean heritabilities showed moderate magnitudes, ranging from 51% for number of dead leaves to 59% for leaf sheath length. In general, the genetic correlations were positive and had magnitudes varying from moderate to very high. The genetic gains were more expressive for the traits plant height, leaf sheath length, and girth circumference. The full-sib progenies P33, P37, and P42 are promising for fruit production.

scholarly journals Texture and Other Quality Attributes in Olives and Leaf Characteristics after Preharvest Calcium Chloride Sprays

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1852-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Tsantili ◽  
Miltiadis V. Christopoulos ◽  
Constantinos A. Pontikis ◽  
Pantousis Kaltsikes ◽  
Chariklia Kallianou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
Negative Effect

The effect of three preharvest sprays with water or 58.5 mm calcium chloride (CaCl2) on texture and other quality attributes was investigated in ‘Konservolia’ olives harvested at the black-ripe stage and measured after 1 and 15 days of storage in air at 10 °C with 85% relative humidity. Effects on fruit calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations during the period of spray applications were also studied. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, and chlorophyll and photosynthesis rate in leaves were measured on the day of final fruit harvest. No foliar or fruit toxicity was observed. In leaves, Ca sprays increased Mg but did not affect Ca and chlorophyll concentration and photosynthesis rate. In fruits, Ca sprays prevented the gradual decrease in Ca concentration that occurred in untreated fruits and maintained Mg at constant levels during ripening on the tree but did not affect fruit size and oil content as measured 1 day after storage. Ca-treated fruits were firmer with lower soluble pectin (SP) concentration and higher calcium pectate (CaP) than controls in both storage days, whereas the protopectin levels were similar in all fruits. Results showed positive linear correlation between Ca concentration and either firmness or CaP, whereas that between Ca and SP was negative as found in fruits stored for 1 day. Fruit production rates of carbon dioxide and ethylene, L* and chroma (C*) of peel, and hue angle (h°) of flesh were unaffected either by Ca treatment or storage time. Ca treatment did not affect fruit weight loss, the decreases in peel h° and flesh L*, but increased flesh C* during storage. The results indicate positive effects of preharvest calcium sprays on olive firmness without any negative effect on fruits or leaves.

scholarly journals Phenotypic characterization of açai palm germplasm from the Marajó’s archipelago and Baixo Tocantins territories

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Thiago Rodrigues de Sousa ◽  
Milene Moara Reis Costa ◽  
Aline Dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Milton Guilherme Da Costa Mota
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Selection Of

The açai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), a native of the Amazon region, is a food of great importance. Recently, due to the discovery of its nutraceutical properties, the rational production in upland areas has been encouraged. However, to support the rational implementation of its cultivation for fruit production, which is a sort of domestication process, it is necessary to identify its germplasm. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the genetic diversity based on phenotypic characters among açai palm mother plants derived from 11 areas of the Amazonian estuary. Twenty-nine phenotypic descriptors were used: (i) 9 from the plant, (ii) 7 related to the fruit, and (iii) 13 of agronomic nature. Principal component analysis was used to assess the phenotypic variability from standardized data obtained from selected açai palm mother plants. In the selection of the descriptors, the methods of direct selection and selection with re-analysis were used. The disposal efficiency was estimated by comparing dissimilarity groups formed by 11 origins of the açai palms based on 29 original characters and 23 selected characters. The groups were formed using the average standardized Euclidean distance and Tocher’s optimization method. All the analyses were performed using the GENES program. The selection of 79.31% of the descriptors used was significant and was considered sufficient for the evaluation of the açai palm germplasm for fruit production. The selected descriptors were shown to be capable of quantifying the phenotypic diversity of mother plants of this species, consistently grouping them using the optimization method. The cluster method showed small differences in the number and composition of the groups due to variability among the selected mother plants.

scholarly journals Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Seed Extracts from Different Varieties: A Source of Proanthocyanidins and Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibition Activity

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3433
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rocha Martins ◽  
Douglas Guedes ◽  
Urbano Luiz Marques de Paula ◽  
Maria do Socorro Padilha de Oliveira ◽  
Marcia Teresa Soares Lutterbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Seed Extracts ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea Mart

Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Arecaceae) is an endogenous palm tree from the Amazon region. Its seeds correspond to 85% of the fruit’s weight, a primary solid residue generated from pulp production, the accumulation of which represents a potential source of pollution and environmental problems. As such, this work aimed to quantify and determine the phytochemical composition of E. oleracea Mart. seeds from purple, white, and BRS-Pará açaí varieties using established analytical methods and also to evaluate it as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor. The proanthocyanidin quantification (n-butanol/hydrochloric acid assay) between varieties was 6.4–22.4 (w/w)/dry matter. Extract characterization showed that all varieties are composed of B-type procyanidin with a high mean degree of polymerization (mDP ≥ 10) by different analytical methodologies to ensure the results. The purple açaí extract, which presented 22.4% (w/w) proanthocyanidins/dry matter, was tested against corrosion of carbon steel AISI 1020 in neutral pH. The crude extract (1.0 g/L) was effective in controlling corrosion on the metal surface for 24 h. Our results demonstrated that the extracts rich in polymeric procyanidins obtained from industrial açaí waste could be used to inhibit carbon steel AISI 1020 in neutral pH as an abundant, inexpensive, and green source of corrosion inhibitor.

scholarly journals 248 Influence of Early Rowcover Removal and Supported Rowcovers on Yield, Earliness, and Fruit Size of Strawberries Grown under Plasticulture

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 433F-434
Author(s):  
Peter Nitzsche ◽  
Joseph Fiola
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Late Frost ◽  
Early Production

Growers in Northern New Jersey are slowly adopting strawberry plasticulture as an improved production system. One advantage of the system is early fruit production. Early fruit usually brings high prices in the marketplace. With early production, however, there is an increased risk of a late frost damaging flowers and fruit. Removing floating rowcover winter protection earlier than flowering may cause strawberries to bloom later, reducing the risk of frost damage. Supporting the rowcovers above the crop with wire hoops may also provide better winter protection and improve fruit production. In 2 years of field trials, removing floating rowcovers 2 weeks before anticipated bloom reduced early yield and delayed the first harvest by 2 to 3 days. Total marketable yield and average fruit weight were not significantly influenced by early removal. Plants with rowcovers supported with wire hoops did not produce significantly greater total yields or average fruit weights than plants protected by unsupported rowcovers. The wire hoops caused damage to the rowcovers, which may make their use in commercial production impractical.

scholarly journals Flower Position and Size Impact Ovule Number per Flower, Fruitset, and Fruit Size in Pomegranate

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Y. Wetzstein ◽  
Weiguang Yi ◽  
Justin A. Porter ◽  
Nadav Ravid
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Flower Type ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Flower Quality

Pomegranate trees (Punica granatum) produce large numbers of both hermaphroditic (bisexual) flowers that produce fruit and functionally male flowers that characteristically abort. Excessive production of male flowers can result in decreased yields resulting from their inability to set fruit. Within hermaphroditic flowers, sex expression appears to follow a spectrum ranging from those exhibiting strong to weak pistil development. Unknown is the scope that flower quality plays in influencing fruit production. A description of floral characteristics and how they vary with flowers of different sizes and positions is lacking in pomegranate and was the focus of this study. Furthermore, the effects of flower size and position on fruit set and fruit size were evaluated. This study documents that flower size characteristics and ovule development can be quite variable and are related to flower type and position. Single and terminal flowers within a cluster were larger than lateral flowers. In addition, lateral flowers exhibited a high frequency of flowers with poor ovule development sufficient to negatively impact fruiting in that flower type. Ovule numbers per flower were significantly influenced by flower size with more ovules in larger flowers. Pollination studies verified significantly higher fruit set and fruit weight, and larger commercial size distributions were obtained with larger vs. smaller flowers. Thus, flower quality is an important issue in pomegranate. Cultural and environmental factors that influence flower size and vigor may have a direct consequence on fruit production and yield.

scholarly journals Sustainable Cornelian Cherry Production in Montenegro: Importance of Local Genetic Resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8651
Author(s):  
Vučeta Jaćimović ◽  
Djina Božović ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Borut Bosančić ◽  
Tomas Necas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Total Anthocyanins

Cornelian cherries has been grown Balkan peninsula no apparent disease and pest problems for centuries. The most important pomological and technological properties of cornelian cherry genetic resources (eleven local and introduced varieties and selections) in Gornje Polimlje, Montenegro were studied in four-year periods. Fruit weight, stone weight, and mesocarp/stone ratio shows great variation and varied between 1.89 to 6.16 g, 0.32 to 0.64 g and between 76.66 and 90.59%, respectively. Genotypes significantly differed each other in terms of yield determined as per trunk cross section area (TCSA). For better visualization of the agronomical traits important to the yield, i.e., yield per TCSA and fruit weight data is presented in combination as measured in the years of study. The best promising genotypes are Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, and Krupnoplodni NS, which had consistently higher yield and large fruits for sustainable fruit production. Dry matter, total sugars, reducing sugars, sucrose, total acidity, Ca–pectate, vitamin C, total anthocyanins, total polyphenols, and ash content of cornelian cherry cultivars and selections were found between 19.81–24.46%, 10.94–14.47%, 10.44–13.09%, 0.24–1.23%, 1.92–2.51%, 2.76–4.43%, 41.09–101.27 mg/100 g, 0–157.06 mg/100 g, 183.91–307.9 mg/100 g, and 0.89–1.16%, respectively. The amount of potassium, which predominates in percentage of minerals in the ash, ranged from 2888 to 3574 mg/kg. The extensiveness of the study leads, therefore, to several clear conclusions and recommendations. Consistently, the best balance of biochemical elements in combination with good yield and fruit size measurements is found in selection Krupnoplodi NS. If consider fruit size and yield efficiency are priority, Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, Kosten 3, and Krupnoplodni NS have clear advantage over the other genotypes. The study highlights the importance of local cornelian cherry selections for sustainable cornelian cherry production in Montenegro.

scholarly journals Extractive activity of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Acai palm tree) in the Araguari River Valley, Eastern Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
João Da Luz Freitas ◽  
Erick Silva Dos Santos ◽  
Francisco De Oliveira Cruz Junior ◽  
Adriano Castelo dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Acai Berry ◽  
Expressive Activity

The acai palm tree is a species of multiple use and of great importance for the Amazonian economy and riverside families. The high appreciation of the acai berry in the national and international markets contributes to the search for new producing areas and the reduction of repressed demand. This research aimed to identify the knowledge of the riverside families about the acai berry extraction activity in the Araguari river valley. The study was between the municipalities of Ferreira Gomes and Cutias, in an extension of 80 kilometers. The properties were sampled according to the following criteria: i) presence of natural acai massifs; ii) acceptance of the research by the interviewee and iii) permission to implement sample plots. Data were obtained through a form and interviews with structured questions. Non-probabilistic sampling (n = 13) was used to select local extractivists who hold acai areas. The field research with extractivists allowed us to infer that the period of high fruit production extends from March to June. The use of byproducts of the acai is little expressive. Although livestock is the most expressive activity in the region, others stand out: fishing, agriculture and extractivism. The commercial production of acai fruit is destined to the municipality of Cutias and most native acai owners have significant interest in the management of this species.

scholarly journals The Use of Euterpe oleracea Mart. As a New Perspective for Disease Treatment and Prevention

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Thalita Sévia Soares de Almeida Magalhães ◽  
Pollyana Cristina de Oliveira Macedo ◽  
Attilio Converti ◽  
Ádley Antonini Neves de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea Mart ◽  
Metabolic Syndromes

Euterpe oleracea Mart. (EO), popularly known as açaí, belongs to the Arecaceae family and grows abundantly in Brazil. The fruit of this palm tree is widely used because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this review, a search for literature and patent technological prospecting has been performed on the use of EO to treat and prevent diseases as well as to prepare pharmaceutical formulations. EO leaves, fruits, and oil stand out for their large number of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, anticancer, anti-atherogenic, and healing activities, protection against metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, and protection of organs such as lung, kidney, liver, heart, and nervous system. While the phytochemical composition is intrinsically linked to identified biological activities, discoveries of the past decade concerning the use of this species have shown pharmacological alternatives mainly in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer and metabolic syndromes. Although studies and inventions on the use of EO though are believed to have been important in light of the pharmacological activities found, few clinical and toxicity tests have been performed. Nevertheless, with the increase of interest in EO, this species is believed to be only at the beginning of the breakthroughs in the development of promising products for the pharmaceutical industry.

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