How Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprise Innovation Affects Credit Accessibility: The Case of Vietnam

Nowadays, small- and medium-sized enterprises play crucial roles in both developed and developing countries. They create new employment, fulfill the market gap, contribute to Gross Domestic Product and boost the whole economy. However, small- and medium-sized enterprises face more financial constraints than large enterprises, which prevent them from growing and expanding their activities. This paper aims to investigate how the innovation of small- and medium-sized enterprises impacts on credit accessibility in Vietnam from 2005 to 2015, through five aspects of innovation: new products, new technology, improved existing products, research and development investment, and machine innovation. The data set consists of more than 4500 observations of small- and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam. This data set is taken from a survey conducted within the framework of cooperation among UNU-WIDER, the University of Copenhagen and Vietnamese government agencies. Using panel regression model, we found out that three out of five innovation factors significantly impact on credit accessibility. More specifically, research and development investment and new product have negative impact on credit accessibility; whereas new technology has positive impact on credit accessibility. These findings are useful for firm managers, banks and policy makers to help small- and medium-sized enterprises overcome financial constraints through innovation aspects.

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Evaluation of Small and Medium Sized Enterprise Innovation Performance Growth in Malaysia

International Journal of Business and Management ◽

10.5539/ijbm.v13n10p161 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 161

Author(s):

Rashidah Binti Mohamad Ibrahim ◽

Abasiti Victor Abraham ◽

Wan Abd Aziz Bin Wan Mohd Amin

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Organization Culture ◽

Innovation Performance ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Hypothesis Model ◽

Enterprise Innovation ◽

Human Effort ◽

Innovation Practices

Innovation is defined as a natural renewable source accessible to all restricted only by human effort. It is also affirmed that innovation create a positive impact of the organization capability. Based on the current situation in Malaysia, it’s established that SME’s has been undergoing challenges that have reduce their capability, sustainability and growth. These issues have created a negative impact of the SME’s and also in the Malaysia economy. Hence, for SME’s to be strengthen and to overcome their problems, there should be a drastic change or modification to be experienced in Malaysia SME’s which will enhance their capability towards innovation performance growth. As such this study investigates the innovation practices amongst the SMEs, in order to enhance their business growth performance in the Malaysian market. Data from a sample of 413 respondents from SMEs in the construction, service and manufacturing sectors was collected by means of a structured questionnaire. The sampling technique/procedure used was the stratified random sampling in other to analyze the hypothesis model. The result of the findings indicated that there is a positive relationship between organization culture and human capital towards innovation performance growth with organizational culture having the strongest coefficient. The findings as well enlighten small and medium sized firms as well as policy makers that innovation is an essential tool in the present day business doings. In conclusion, further studies should examine how small and medium sized firms can make a choice from a range of possibilities for innovation sources before they carry out the real innovation.

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Regional trade and food security challenges: The case of SAARC countries

Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) ◽

10.17221/3/2020-agricecon ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 335-344

Author(s):

Muhammad Waqas Khalid ◽

Ashar Sultan Kayani ◽

Jamal Mohammed Alotaibi ◽

Muhammad Muddassir ◽

Bader Alhafi Alotaibi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Regional Cooperation ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Regional Trade ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Long Run ◽

Security Challenges ◽

Trading Partners ◽

Trade Partners

Higher consumption and increased import requirements for the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region can be catered through neighboring trade partners if resources are optimally utilized. The purpose of this research is to analyze the connection between regional trade of SAARC countries and the food security challenges faced by the region. The study uses data from 1990–2018 for Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh to econometrically analyze the determinants of the volume of food trade. The results show that the gross domestic product of importing or exporting countries and foreign direct investment (FDI) have positive impact on regional trade. The bilateral exchange rate between trading partners has a negative impact on the trade volume. The results also showed the absence of a long-run relationship between volume of trade and food security using Johansen’s cointegration test. Our analysis suggests that policy makers should focus on the means for creating favorable environment in Pakistan and India to not only meet the increasing global demands for food but also increasing their competitiveness for high-quality and low-quality priced products in major exports markets.

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Policies, economic incentives and the adoption of modern irrigation technology in China

Earth System Dynamics ◽

10.5194/esd-6-399-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 399-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

R. Cremades ◽

J. Wang ◽

J. Morris

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Sector ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Economic Incentives ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Irrigation Efficiency ◽

Community Based ◽

Data Set ◽

Irrigation Technology ◽

Governmental Support

Abstract. The challenges China faces in terms of water availability in the agricultural sector are exacerbated by the sector's low irrigation efficiency. To increase irrigation efficiency, promoting modern irrigation technology has been emphasized by policy makers in the country. The overall goal of this paper is to understand the effect of governmental support and economic incentives on the adoption of modern irrigation technology in China, with a focus on household-based irrigation technology and community-based irrigation technology. Based on a unique data set collected at household and village levels from seven provinces, the results indicated that household-based irrigation technology has become noticeable in almost every Chinese village. In contrast, only about half of Chinese villages have adopted community-based irrigation technology. Despite the relatively high adoption level of household-based irrigation technology at the village level, its actual adoption in crop sown areas was not high, even lower for community-based irrigation technology. The econometric analysis results revealed that governmental support instruments like subsidies and extension services policies have played an important role in promoting the adoption of modern irrigation technology. Strikingly, the present irrigation pricing policy has played a significant but contradictory role in promoting the adoption of different types of modern irrigation technology. Irrigation pricing showed a positive impact on household-based irrigation technology, and a negative impact on community-based irrigation technology, possibly related to the substitution effect that is, the higher rate of adoption of household-based irrigation technology leads to lower incentives for investment in community-based irrigation technology. The paper finally concludes and discusses some policy implications.

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Analysis and Assessment of New Permanent Teacher Training Activities under the Erasmus+ Program from the Perspective of the Participants of Spain in Times of COVID-19

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132011222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 11222

Author(s):

Daniel Salcedo-López ◽

Mercedes Cuevas-López

Keyword(s):

Teacher Training ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Student Mobility ◽

The European Union ◽

International Mobility ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Training Activities ◽

The University ◽

The Impact

The Erasmus+ program (2014–2020) is one of the main initiatives developed by the European Commission in the field of education and is the final joint evolution of other minor and prior actions that provide schools and teachers with funding to carry out international mobility projects with a variety of formative activities. The benefits of carrying out international mobility activities to strengthen student learning and teacher training are well known and have been researched or reported even from the early stages of a program that was born back in the 1980s but has always been focused on the university level. When considering teachers at early levels (schools and high schools), the 2014–2020 Erasmus+ program was the main source of funding to grant Spanish teachers permanent training activities abroad with a direct positive impact on their careers. The year 2020 is the last year of the first evolution of the Erasmus+ program, which has been renewed, extended, and strengthened for a new six-year term (2021–2027). However, 2020 has also been a significant year. The COVID-19 global pandemic continues to affect the mobility of citizens within the different territories of the union and, thus, have a direct negative impact on international teacher and student mobility. Being 2020 the end of a cycle and a critical moment, it is the perfect time to conduct an analysis of the data associated with the participation of teachers and schools in Spain, their perceptions of the program, the different activities carried out, and the impact of the pandemic. This research study is based on an analysis of an opinion survey through a nationwide sample of teachers participating in KA101 Erasmus+ projects. This paper gathers and presents data and conclusions using information previously not available that most of the time is published in official reports globally without considering the particularities of the different states of the European Union.

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The Impact of Financial Structure Towards Performance of Non-Financial Companies Listed on Amman Stock Exchange

Management and Accounting Review (MAR) ◽

10.24191/mar.v20i01-04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 61-83

Author(s):

Laith Fouad Alshouha ◽

◽

Wan Nur Syahida Wan Ismail ◽

Mohd Zulkifli Mokhtar ◽

Nik Mohd Norfadzilah Nik Mohd Rashid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Firm Performance ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Financial Structure ◽

Managerial Ownership ◽

Data Set ◽

Amman Stock Exchange ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between financial structure towards the financial performance of companies listed on Amman stock exchange (ASE) as one of the emerging economies. This paper adopted a panel data set of 88 non-financial companies listed on the ASE over a period of 10 years from 2009 to 2018. According to empirical results that there is significant evidence to support the fact that debt repaying ability (DRAB), managerial ownership (MANOW), and foreign ownership (FOROW) are positively related to firm performance. Otherwise, the findings revealed no evidence to support the impact of the financial structure ability (FSA) towards firm performance. Moreover, the findings support the fact that firm size (SIZ) has a positive impact on firm performance of companies listed on the ASE. On the other hand, (AGE) has a negative impact on firm performance, while (GROWTH) has no impact on firm performance. The current study encourages managers to maintain a good percentage of debt repaying ability and owners to grant shares as managers’ incentives, and also to attract foreign investors. Future studies, should try applying the current study on the financial sector.

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CHALLANGES FACING THE EMERGING ECONOMY DURING COVID-19 THE CASE OF JORDAN

European Journal of Business and Strategic Management ◽

10.47604/ejbsm.1435 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 21-29

Author(s):

Basem Al-Lozi ◽

Sheren Hamed

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

World Health ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Policy Recommendations ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

Policy Makers ◽

The Public ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Impact

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges of the Jordanian economy during COVID-19. The Jordanian economy may have to face different scenarios in his macro-environment. Specifically, the study focused on the impact COVID-19 on the Jordanian economy. Methodology: An exploratory research method was used to build three scenarios. The sample randomly selected from Jordanians in the capital of Jordan Amman. The study divided the sample to three groups and asking them three questions related to the expectations of the impact of COVID-19 on the Jordanian economy for the coming years. Results: The study findings revealed that the majority of respondents (55.2%) are optimistic that the COVID-19 will finish and Jordan economy will be booming. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Recommendations were provided for Jordanian policy makers to deal scenarios. For example Jordan government and policy makers has to be pragmatic, and work toward lowering level of expectations among Jordanian economy to avoid the negative impact of COVID-19 on the economy. Cooperation between the public sector and private sector in implementing the instructions of the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health to decrease the number of cases to open more sectors which will have a positive impact on the Jordanian economy.

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Analysis of the Practice Path of the Flipped Classroom Model Assisted by Big Data in English Teaching

Scientific Programming ◽

10.1155/2021/1831892 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Zhan Du ◽

Jie Su

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Collaborative Learning ◽

Flipped Classroom ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Learning Ability ◽

Learning Performance ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Data Set ◽

Mining Algorithm

This paper makes a detailed analysis of the integrated mining algorithm, analyzes the characteristics of curriculum big data, and analyzes the existing problems of the current association rule mining algorithm, as well as the defects and deficiencies when applied to the curriculum data. Aiming at the problem of mining the entire data set by the mining algorithm, this topic proposes the idea of using the K-means algorithm for clustering processing and uses the Ball-tree structure on the basis of the original K-means algorithm to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. The data set is separated into several clusters of an appropriate number. In the flipped classroom, the basic knowledge is put before the class for learning, and the further deepening and practical application of language knowledge is completed in the class. Teachers can give timely guidance when encountering unsolvable difficulties so that students’ learning can be more effective. This new teaching model not only strengthens students’ confidence in learning and increases their interest in learning, but also increases the opportunities for students to interact with teachers and classmates in the classroom, allowing them to construct the meaning of knowledge in the fun of interactive communication. The classroom has become relaxed, lively, and attractive, and students’ sense of autonomy, self-learning ability, and collaborative inquiry ability have also been unknowingly improved. Among the main factors, the willingness to flip, emotional state, leadership role, and online learning input have a significant positive impact on collaborative learning performance, and the sense of competition has a partial negative impact on collaborative learning performance, of which positively affecting individual knowledge mastery. Among the nonmain factors, the degree of difficulty of the course, teacher-student interaction, teacher motivation, and evaluation mechanism have a significant positive impact on collaborative learning performance. Classroom assistive technology has a partial negative impact on collaborative learning performance. From the perspective of group performance, group-level performance considerations such as the quality of group conversations and the degree of group knowledge sharing in collaborative learning performance are more affected by nonsubject factors.

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Analysis on Spatio-temporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Industrial Green Innovation Efficiency——From the Perspective of Innovation Value Chain

10.20944/preprints202111.0485.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Liyuan Zhang ◽

Pengzhen Liu ◽

Heather Tarbert

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Value Chain ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Transformation Efficiency ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Science And Technology ◽

Green Innovation ◽

Two Stage

Green innovation has become an important combination of high-quality economic growth and sustainable development of ecological environment. In this paper, the super-efficiency network SBM model is used to measure the two-stage green innovation efficiency of industrial science and technology R&amp;D and achievement transformation in 30 provinces and cities from 2009 to 2019, and exploratory Data Analysis (ESDA) and spatial econometric model are used to investigate the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of green innovation efficiency. The results show that: firstly, the overall efficiency of industrial green innovation is low, and the efficiency of scientific research and development and achievement transformation has experienced three stages of "upward-declining-revitalized period". The low efficiency of achievement transformation is an important factor hiding the improvement of the efficiency of industrial green innovation. Secondly, The industrial green innovation efficiency gradually increases from northwest to southeast, forming a centralized "line" and "block" distribution. The high efficiency area is still concentrated in the eastern coastal region, and the balanced development trend is obvious in the central and western regions. Finally, openness has a positive impact on the two-stage green innovation efficiency; Industrial structure and government investment in science and technology have a positive impact on the efficiency of science and technology research and development, but have no significant effect on the efficiency of achievement transformation. Enterprise size has a positive effect on achievement transformation efficiency, but has no significant effect on R&amp;D efficiency. Environmental regulation has a positive impact on R&amp;D efficiency and a negative impact on achievement transformation efficiency.

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A Panel Analysis of Trade Gravity between Pakistan and South Asian Countries

Comparative Economic Research ◽

10.18778/1508-2008.23.34 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 187-207

Author(s):

Waheed Ullah Jan ◽

Mahmood Shah

Keyword(s):

Gravity Model ◽

South Asian ◽

Bilateral Trade ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Least Square ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Trade Patterns ◽

Data Set ◽

Trade Relations

This paper attempts to examine Pakistan’s trade patterns with South Asian countries by using a gravity model of trade. The main objective of the study is to quantify the long‑run impacts of gravity variables. To achieve this objective, a panel data set for the period 2003 to 2017 has been used. Based on the mixed evidence of the results of panel unit root tests, Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) techniques are applied. The outcome of the PMG and Panel DOLS models justifies the theoretical background of the gravity model and suggests that all the basic gravity variables haveusual signs. The RGDPs and population of both Pakistan and the partner country have a positive impact on their bilateral trade. On the other hand, the distance between the two trading countries and the exchange rate have a negative impact on bilateral trade.The uniqueness of this study is that it measures the impacts of qualitative variables along with basic gravity variables. Language similarities and common borders have a positive impact on bilateral trade. Pakistan has borders with India and Afghanistan, but their trade relations are not worth mentioning. The military conflicts between Pakistan and India, and the political suspicions between Pakistan and Afghanistan hinder their trade relations.

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Medical students’ perceptions and coping strategies during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: studies, clinical implication, and professional identity

BMC Medical Education ◽

10.1186/s12909-021-03053-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wurth Sophie ◽

Sader Julia ◽

Cerutti Bernard ◽

Broers Barbara ◽

Bajwa M. Nadia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Professional Identity ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Clinical Exposure ◽

Perceived Impact ◽

The University ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background The unfolding of the COVID-19 pandemic during spring 2020 has disrupted medical education worldwide. The University of Geneva decided to shift on-site classwork to online learning; many exams were transformed from summative to formative evaluations and most clinical activities were suspended. We aimed to investigate the perceived impact of those adaptations by the students at the Faculty of Medicine. Methods We sent an online self-administered survey to medical students from years 2 to 6 of the University of Geneva, three months after the beginning of the pandemic. The survey explored students’ main activities during the first three months of the pandemic, the impact of the crisis on their personal life, on their training and on their professional identity, the level of stress they experienced and which coping strategies they developed. The survey consisted of open-ended and closed questions and was administered in French. Results A total of 58.8% of students responded (n = 467) and were homogeneously distributed across gender. At the time of the survey, two thirds of the participants were involved in COVID-19-related activities; 72.5% voluntarily participated, mainly fueled by a desire to help and feel useful. Many participants (58.8%) reported a feeling of isolation encountered since the start of the pandemic. Main coping strategies reported were physical activity and increased telecommunications with their loved ones. Most students described a negative impact of the imposed restrictions on their training, reporting decreased motivation and concentration in an unusual or distraction-prone study environment at home and missing interactions with peers and teachers. Students recruited to help at the hospital in the context of increasing staff needs reported a positive impact due to the enriched clinical exposure. Perceived stress levels were manageable across the surveyed population. If changed, the crisis had a largely positive impact on students’ professional identity; most highlighted the importance of the health care profession for society and confirmed their career choice. Conclusion Through this comprehensive picture, our study describes the perceived impact of the pandemic on University of Geneva medical students, their training and their professional identity three months after the start of the pandemic. These results allowed us to gain valuable insight that reinforced the relevance of assessing the evolution of the situation in the long run and the importance of developing institutional support tools for medical students throughout their studies.

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