scholarly journals A Chatbot System to Support Mine Safety Procedures during Natural Disasters

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Meng-Han Tsai ◽  
Hao-Yung Chan ◽  
Yi-Lin Chan ◽  
Heng-Kuang Shen ◽  
Pei-Yi Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Safety Procedures

This study developed a chatbot to improve the efficiency of government activation of mine safety procedures during natural disasters. Taiwan has a comprehensive governmental system dedicated to responding to frequent natural disasters, and the Bureau of Mines has instituted clear procedures to ensure the delivery of disaster alarms and damage reports. However, the labor- and time-consumption procedures are inefficient. In this study, we propose a system framework for disaster-related information retrieval and immediate notifications to support the execution of mine safety procedures. The framework utilizes instant messaging (IM) applications as the user interface to look up information and send messages to announce the occurrence of disaster events. We evaluated the efficiency of the procedures before and after adopting the system and achieved a time-cost reduction of 55.8 min among three types of disaster events. The study has proven the feasibility of adopting novel techniques for decision-making and assures the improvement of the efficiency and effectiveness of the procedure activation.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF METADATA MODELING TO DISPUTE REVIEW REPORT MANAGEMENT

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-498
Author(s):  
Yimin Zhu ◽  
Mehmet Emre Bayraktar ◽  
Shu-Ching Chen
Keyword(s):  
Information Management ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Portable Document Format ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Florida Department ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness

Disagreements in construction projects often result in litigation that is both time‐consuming and expensive. A dispute review board (DRB) provides a valuable and proven alternative method of dispute resolution. Currently, the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) stores DRB reports in portable document format (PDF) with limited search capability. Improving information retrieval of DRB documents and providing a certain level of integration of DRB reports with relevant but heterogeneous data and documents is the key to enhancing the current FDOT DRB system. This paper presents a web‐based data management framework to improve information management processes of the FDOT DRB system by providing key features such as metadata generation, an integrated review process, a simple issue description, member information management, and versatile information search. The new system not only allows DRB members and FDOT construction engineers to store and retrieve DRB reports but also provides more functionality to process those re‐ports. New functionalities include a structured search based on the metadata of DRB reports, an unstructured search using advanced computer technology, and the integration of DRB reports with other related information for analysis. This type of functionality improves the efficiency and effectiveness of the DRB system. Santrauka Del nesutarimu vykdant statybos projektus dažnai kyla teisminiu ginču, kurie yra brangūs ir trunka ilgai. Vertingas ir praktikoje prigijes alternatyvus ginču sprendimo metodas yra ginču nagrinejimo taryba (GNT). Šiuo metu Floridos transporto departamentas (FTD) yra sukaupes GNT ataskaitas PDF formatu su ribota paieškos galimybe. GNT dokumentu informacijos paieška ir tinkamo lygio GNT ataskaitu integravimas su reikalingais, bet heterogeniniais duomenimis yra esmine prielaida tobulinti dabartine FTD GNT sistema. Straipsnyje pristatoma internetine duomenu valdymo sistema, skirta patobulinti FTD GNT valdymo procesa remiantis šiomis esminemis savybemis: metaduomenu generavimo, integruoto peržiūros proceso, paprasto ginčo aprašymo, dalyvio informacijos valdymo, visapusiškos informacijos paieškos. Naujoji sistema ne tik leidžia FTD BNT nariams saugoti bei rasti GNT ataskaitas, bet ir sudaro galimybes funkcionaliau jas apdoroti. Naujos sistemos funkcijos apima struktūrizuota paieška GNT ataskaitu metaduomenu pagrindu, restruktūri‐zuota paieška naudojant pažangias kompiuteriu technologijas ir GNT ataskaitu integravima su kita susijusia analizuojama informacija. Šios funkcines savybes pagerina GNT sistemos efektyvuma.

scholarly journals Pregnancy-Related Information Seeking and Sharing in the Social Media Era Among Expectant Mothers: Qualitative Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengyan Zhu ◽  
Runxi Zeng ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Richard Evans ◽  
Rongrong He
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Expectant Mothers ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Social media has become the most popular communication tool used by Chinese citizens, including expectant mothers. An increasing number of women have adopted various forms of social media channels, such as interactive websites, instant messaging, and mobile apps, to solve problems and obtain answers to queries during pregnancy. Although the use of the internet by pregnant women has been studied extensively worldwide, limited research exists that explores the changing social media usage habits in China, where the 1 child policy ended in 2015. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (1) present the status quo of pregnancy-related information seeking and sharing via social media among Chinese expectant mothers, (2) reveal the impact of social media usage, and (3) shed light on pregnancy-related health services delivered via social media channels. METHODS A qualitative approach was employed to examine social media usage and its consequences on pregnant women. A total of 20 women who had conceived and were at various stages of pregnancy were interviewed from July 20 to August 10, 2017. Thematic analysis was conducted on the collected data to identify patterns in usage. RESULTS Overall, 80% (16/20) of participants were aged in their 20s (mean 28.5 years [SD 4.3]). All had used social media for pregnancy-related purposes. For the seeking behavior, 18 codes were merged into 4 themes, namely, gravida, fetus, delivery, and the postpartum period; whereas for sharing behaviors, 10 codes were merged into 4 themes, namely, gravida, fetus, delivery, and caretaker. Lurking, small group sharing, bad news avoidance, and cross-checking were identified as the preferred patterns for using social media. Overall, 95% (19/20) of participants reported a positive mental impact from using social media during their pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS It is indisputable that social media has played an increasingly important role in supporting expectant mothers in China. The specific seeking and sharing patterns identified in this study indicate that the general quality of pregnancy-related information on social media, as well as Chinese culture toward pregnancy, is improving. The new themes that merge in pregnancy-related social media use represent a shift toward safe pregnancy and the promotion of a more enjoyable pregnancy. Future prenatal care should provide further information on services related to being comfortable during pregnancy and reducing the inequality of social media–based services caused by the digital divide.

scholarly journals HPV Vaccine Searches on Pinterest: Before and After Pinterest’s Actions to Moderate Content

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (S3) ◽  
pp. S305-S311
Author(s):  
Jeanine P. D. Guidry ◽  
Emily K. Vraga ◽  
Linnea I. Laestadius ◽  
Carrie A. Miller ◽  
Aurora Occa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Health Belief Model

Objectives. To compare how human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was portrayed on Pinterest before and after the platform acted to moderate vaccine-related search results to understand (1) what the information environment looked like previously and (2) whether Pinterest’s policy decisions improved this environment in terms of sources and content. Methods. In this quantitative content analysis, we compared 2 samples of 500 HPV vaccine–focused Pinterest posts (“pins”) collected before and after Pinterest’s actions to provide more reliable vaccine-related information. Pins were based on search results and were analyzed using the Health Belief Model. Results. The majority of preaction search results leaned toward vaccine skepticism, specifically focused on perceived vaccine barriers. Few pins were published by public health–related Pinterest accounts. Postaction search results showed a significant shift to HPV vaccination benefits, and the number of pins by government or medical accounts increased. However, the proportion of pins in search results containing HPV content of any type was significantly lower. Conclusions. Pinterest’s efforts to moderate vaccination discussions were largely successful. However, the ban also appeared to limit HPV vaccination search results overall, which may contribute to confusion or an information vacuum.

scholarly journals Selective Intensive Care Unit Admission After Adult Supratentorial Tumor Craniotomy: Complications, Length of Stay, and Costs

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. E54-E59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark ter Laan ◽  
Suzanne Roelofs ◽  
Ineke Van Huet ◽  
Eddy M M Adang ◽  
Ronald H M A Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Supratentorial Tumor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Supratentorial Tumors

Abstract BACKGROUND Admitting patients to an intensive care or medium care unit (ICU/MCU) after adult supratentorial tumor craniotomy remains common practice even though some studies have suggested lower level care is sufficient for selected patients. We have introduced a “no ICU, unless” policy for tumor craniotomy patients. OBJECTIVE To provide a quieter postoperative environment for patients, reduce the burden on the ICU department, and to evaluate whether costs can be reduced. METHODS A cohort study was performed comparing patients that underwent tumor craniotomy for supratentorial tumors during 1 yr after introduction (n = 109) of the new policy with the year before (n = 107). Rate of complications was evaluated, as was the length of stay and patient satisfaction using qualitative evaluation. Finally, costs were evaluated comparing the situation before and after implementation of the new protocol. RESULTS A reduction in ICU/MCU admittance from 64% to 24% of patients was found resulting in 13.3% cost reduction (€1950 per case), without increasing the length of stay at the ward. The length of stay in the hospital was similar. Complications were significantly reduced after implementing the new policy (0.98 vs 0.53 per patient, P = .003). Patients that were interviewed after the new policy reported feeling safe and at ease at the ward. CONCLUSION Changing our policy from “ICU, unless” to “no ICU, unless” reduced complication rates and length of stay in the hospital while keeping patients satisfied. Hospital costs related to the admission have been significantly reduced by the new policy.

Optimal emergency personnel allocation after a natural disaster

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Davis, MD ◽  
Bassan J. Allan, MD, MBA ◽  
Amy M. Pearlman, BS ◽  
Daniel P. Carvajal, BBA, PMP ◽  
Carl I. Schulman, MD, PhD, MSPH
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Emergency Personnel ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Network Utilization ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Personnel Allocation

Objective: Little work has been devoted to the links between natural disasters, subsequent Emergency Medical Services (EMS) network utilization, triage, and public awareness. The aim of this study was to investigate the types and distribution of emergency calls recorded after each South Florida hurricane during the 2005 season, identifying target areas for public health education, and emergency personnel use and training.Design: Retrospective database review.Setting: Miami-Dade Fire Rescue (MDFR) emergency dispatch headquarters.Patients, participants: All persons making 911 phone calls to the MDFR emergency dispatch headquarters in the 3 days before and after category 3 or higher hurricanes during 2005.Interventions: None.Results: There were 192,363 emergencies reported in 2005. The mean number of 911 emergencies reported per day for the 3 days before and after Katrina was 503 ± 26 and 819 ± 105, respectively (p = 0.007). The mean number for Wilma was 533 ± 42 before and 800 ± 63 after (p = 0.004). However, Rita had no impact on the number of 911 emergencies reported. Katrina resulted in a statistically significant increase in 911 calls for breathing (p = 0.03), convulsions and seizures (p = 0.02), and hazardous situations (p = 0.04). Rita led to an increase in convulsions and seizures (p = 0.03). Lastly,Wilma caused a rise in breathing emergencies (p = 0.02) and hazardous situations (p = 0.02).Conclusions: This study suggests that 911 calls regarding respiratory complaints, convulsions, seizures, and hazardous situations can be expected to significantly increase after a hurricane. Educational initiatives,EMS resource allocation, and modified triage systems designed to target these areas may limit EMS system-wide strain and improve health outcomes following natural disasters.

scholarly journals The effects of fiscal decentralization in Albania

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Dr.Sc. Blerta Dragusha ◽  
Dr.Sc. Elez Osmani
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Democratic Reform ◽  
Management Of Resources ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Collection And Management

“Basically decentralization is a democratic reform which seeks to transfer the political, administrative, financial and planning authority from central to local government. It seeks to develop civic participation, empowerment of local people in decision making process and to promote accountability and reliability: To achieve efficiency and effectiveness in the collection and management of resources and service delivery”1The interest and curiosity of knowing how our country is doing in this process, still unfinished, served as a motivation forme to treat this topic: fiscal decentralization as a process of giving 'power' to local governments, not only in terms of rights deriving from this process but also on the responsibilities that come with it.Which are the stages before and after decentralization, and how has it affected the process in several key indicators? Is decentralization a good process only, or can any of its effects be seen as an disadvantage?

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