Social Entrepreneurship in Professional Sports: Antecedents and Outcomes from the Consumer Perspective

This study empirically explored antecedents and outcomes related to social entrepreneurship in the context of professional sports from the customer’s perspective. Two parent companies—FuBon and ChinaTrust, both financial holding firms—and two franchises—FuBon Guardians and ChinaTrust Elephants—in the Chinese Professional Baseball League were the research elements in this study to ensure generalizability of the findings of this study. The participants of this study were 268 spectators of a FuBon Guardians game and 201 spectators of a ChinaTrust Elephants game. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. Results indicated that innovation and corporate social responsibility positively correlated with social entrepreneurship. Moreover, social entrepreneurship was positively associated with affective commitment to the parent company and sports franchise. Finally, affective commitment to the parent company not only exerted a positive effect on the intention to purchase the products of the parent company but also promoted the intention to purchase licensed merchandise and attend games. Similarly, affective commitment to the sports franchise not only exerted a positive effect on the intention to purchase licensed merchandise and attend games but also promoted the intention to purchase the products of the parent company. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed in this study.

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Organizational Empowerment and Turnover intensions:A mediation of Job Satisfaction and Affective Commitment. A Case of Hattar industries, Pakistan

Journal of Management Info ◽

10.31580/jmi.v6i2.507 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Mehwish Iftikhar ◽

Sheraz Khan

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Affective Commitment ◽

Middle Level ◽

Primary Data ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Clear Understanding ◽

Complex Process ◽

Managerial Implications ◽

Organizational Empowerment

Empowerment has never been something handed from one person to another or passed from employer to employee but it is a complex process, which needs a vivid vision and clear understanding for managers and employees. It is a technique and tool for the retention of employees.This quantitative study is done to examine the affect of organisational empowerment on turnover intensions by way of mediation of job satisfaction and affective commitment.Direct and indirect affects of variables are examined while conducting the study among employees of Hattar industries located in Punjab, Pakistan.Cross sectional design is addopted and primary data is collected through standardised questionnaires on five point likert scale. A total of 220 employees working at middle level management of Hattar industries, were chosen randomly. Correlation is applied in order to findout the strength of relationship between variables.The data was analysed on the basis of SEM (structural equation modeling) technique by using AMOS. Findings depicted the positive relationship between organizational empowerment with the variables job satisfaction and affective commitment. The result also indicates that there is a significant mediating influence of job satisfaction and affective commitment in the relationship between organizational empowerment and turnover intensions. Practical/managerial implications of this study revealed that organizations should foster to give empowerment to their workers if they want to retain them so that, they will be satisfied enough, will remain committed to work and will have lower intensions to leave the job that will better contribute in boosting up the overall performance of the organization.

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The Effect of Distributive Justice, Procedural Justice of Compensation and Emotional Intelligence on Affective Commitments

JURNAL ILMIAH EKONOMI ISLAM ◽

10.29040/jiei.v6i1.654 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nur Rizqi Febriandika

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Distributive Justice ◽

Procedural Justice ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Affective Commitment ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Significant Positive Effect ◽

Managerial Employees ◽

Positive Effect

This research determines the distributive justice of compensation, procedural justice of compensation and emotional intelligence on affective commitment. The populations of this study are 115 non-managerial employees of three BMT in Yogyakarta. This study uses quantitative methods and SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) is used to analyze the data collection which is operationalized by the AMOS 21 application program. The results of this study indicate that distributive justice and emotional intelligence have a significant positive effect on affective commitment while procedural justice compensation has no effect on affective commitment.

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How does corporate association influence consumer brand loyalty? Mediating role of brand identification

Journal of Product & Brand Management ◽

10.1108/jpbm-07-2015-0932 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (7) ◽

pp. 629-641 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Mobin Fatma ◽

Imran Khan ◽

Zillur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Brand Loyalty ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Affective Commitment ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Brand Identification ◽

Content Type ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Corporate Associations ◽

Corporate Ability ◽

Managerial Implications

Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of two types of corporate associations – corporate ability (CA) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) – on consumer brand loyalty in retail banks in India. Design/methodology/approach A survey on 489 banking consumers was carried out. To achieve research objectives, test hypotheses and analyze data, structural equation modeling was used. Findings The findings show that CA and CSR associations were found to have positive and indirect influences on consumer brand loyalty through brand identifications. This indicates that the process of corporate association transforming into loyalty is much more complicated, and there are other factors influencing this process, making brand identification necessary for achieving customer brand loyalty. Research limitations/implications The results presented in this study have important managerial implications for banking companies in India. The findings demonstrate the importance of CA and CSR associations in the present business scenario and highlight the need to successfully implement them in management policies. Originality/value This study contributes to the existing body of literature by highlighting the influence of brand identification on brand loyalty through affective commitment and satisfaction.

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The Inﬂuence of Learning Organization and Compensation on Work Motivation of Permanent Lecturers of S1 Management Study Program in Private Universities Accredited in DKI Jakarta

THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ◽

10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.18.1005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (8) ◽

pp. 47-52

Author(s):

Mukti Rahardjo

Keyword(s):

Learning Organization ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Work Motivation ◽

Private Universities ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Study Program ◽

Management Study ◽

Managerial Implications ◽

Good Learning ◽

Positive Effect

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of learning organization and compensation on work motivation and its implications on the performance of permanent lecturers of S-1 Management Study Program in private universities accredited in DKI Jakarta. The research uses the causality method; both descriptive and quantitative hypothesis testing. The population of this research is 185 lecturers of S-1 Management Study Program in private universities accredited in DKI Jakarta. Proportional random sampling and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Lisrel program 8.70 was used. The results showed significantly positive relationship between work motivation and individually and collectively taken variables; learning organization and compensation. With respect to the performance of lecturers, good learning organization, compensation, work motivation have shown significant positive effect. Certainly, several managerial implications can be inferred from these findings.

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How Social Norms Affect Consumer Intention to Purchase Certified Functional Foods: The Mediating Role of Perceived Effectiveness and Attitude

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1151

Author(s):

Edward Shih-Tse Wang ◽

Yun-Hsuan Chu

Keyword(s):

Social Norms ◽

Social Influence ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Consumer Perceptions ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Perceived Effectiveness ◽

Injunctive Norms ◽

Intention To Purchase ◽

Positive Effect

Certified functional foods (CFFs) are approved by relevant authorities because of demonstrable efficacy. However, social norms affect consumer perceptions regarding CFFs, and their attitudes toward CFFs remain unclear. Drawing on social influence theory, this study explored how social norms (i.e., descriptive and injunctive) affect consumer perceptions and willingness to purchase CFFs. Consumers of CFFs in Taiwan were invited to participate in this study, and 398 valid questionnaires were received. Collected data were assessed through structural equation modeling. The results revealed that descriptive and injunctive norms exerted a positive effect on perceptions of the effectiveness of CFFs. However, although injunctive norms exerted a positive effect on consumer attitude, the effect of descriptive norms on attitude was not significant. Furthermore, consumer perceptions on the effectiveness of CFFs affected their attitude toward CFFs, consequently increasing their intention to purchase CFFs. This study contributes to the literature by providing insights into the relationship between social norms, perceived effectiveness, and attitudes regarding CFFs. The results of this study provide directions to CFF marketers for developing marketing strategies and establishing marketing communication strategies from the perspective of social influence.

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The Effect of Utilitarian Website Features on Online Saudi Arabia Consumers Loyalty in the Case of Online Flight Booking

International Journal of E-Business Research ◽

10.4018/ijebr.2016100104 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 57-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Afshan Azam

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Affective Commitment ◽

Purchase Behavior ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Future Research ◽

Web Content ◽

Online Data ◽

Managerial Implications ◽

Website Features ◽

The Impact

The last couple of decades have witnessed rapid technological advancements, which have consequently caused dramatic changes in the lives of consumers and their purchase behavior. Of the many causes of the rapid growth of Internet use in the last few decades, most researchers confer that the critical contribution has been the growth of Web content. This paper attempts to report a study investigating the impact of utilitarian website features on Saudi Arabian customer loyalty for booking flights online. Data collected from 340 respondents were used to test the hypotheses. Structural Equation Modeling was deployed to analyze valid data points. The study found the importance of creating loyalty by focusing on utilitarian website features. Calculative commitment is significantly influenced by utilitarian features whereas affective commitment didn't showed significantly influence by utilitarian features. Limitations, managerial implications and future research directions are discussed at the end of the paper.

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The Mitigators of Ad Irritation and Avoidance of YouTube Skippable In-Stream Ads: An Empirical Study in Taiwan

Information ◽

10.3390/info12090373 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 373

Author(s):

Hota Chia-Sheng Lin ◽

Neil Chueh-An Lee ◽

Yi-Chieh Lu

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Online Survey ◽

Reciprocal Altruism ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Modeling Analysis ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Managerial Implications ◽

Positive Effect

On YouTube, skippable in-stream advertisements (ads) are critical income for both YouTube and content creators. However, ads inevitably irritate viewers, and as a result, they tend to avoid ads. Thus, this study attempts to identify potential mitigators—source attractiveness and reciprocal altruism—of ad irritation and avoidance in the context of YouTube skippable in-stream ads. Using an online survey (n = 512) in Taiwan, the proposed model is examined by a partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis. The findings show that while ad irritation has a positive effect on ad avoidance, reciprocal altruism can significantly reduce both ad irritation and avoidance. However, source attractiveness fails to mitigate ad irritation and avoidance. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed, and several solutions for reducing ad irritation and avoidance are provided.

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Female Users’ Behavioral Intention to Purchase in Social Commerce through Social Networking Sites

Shirkah Journal of Economics and Business ◽

10.22515/shirkah.v6i2.416 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Phyo Min Tun

Keyword(s):

Social Influence ◽

Social Networking ◽

Social Networking Sites ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Online Survey ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Social Commerce ◽

Intention To Purchase ◽

The Relationship ◽

Positive Effect

The present study aims to discover the relationship among social influence, verbal influence, easiness, trust, enjoyment, and intention to purchase in social commerce (S-Commerce), particularly by female users of social networking sites (SNS). A total of 280 responses were collected from female SNS users through an online survey. The obtained data were further examined for normality, construct validity, reliability, and model fit, using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses. This study confirmed that social influence had a significant effect on verbal influence and trust; meanwhile enjoyment was influenced by trust and easiness. The results also revealed that trust and enjoyment had a positive effect on intention to purchase products or services from social commerce by the female SNS users. Moreover, verbal influence provided an impact on trust and easiness; while the relationship between social influence and enjoyment, easiness, and trust was not significant. These results contribute to offering fruitful insights for sellers and vendors of social commerce in attracting and acquiring the attention of female customers; as a result, it leads to achieving higher profits and flourishing business activities in social commerce.

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Are Recycling People Also Saving? Costliness Matters

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2020.609371 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Sheng Wei ◽

Jiaqi Xu ◽

Shengxiang She ◽

Yan Wang ◽

Ying Zhang

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Self Identity ◽

Structural Relationships ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Managerial Implications ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect

In view of the fact that vigorously promoting recycling has become a viable means to promote sustainable development, it is important to better understand the impact of recycling efforts on subsequent resource saving behavior. This research empirically examines the effects of recycling efforts on subsequent resource saving by analyzing the survey data of 356 college students in China. The recycling efforts, environmental self-identity and feeling of pride were measured using existing scales while saving behaviors and recycling cost were measured by developing new scales. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was performed to test the structural relationships among recycling efforts, environmental self-identity, feeling of pride, and saving behaviors. Further, the moderation role of recycling cost was tested. The results showed that (1) saving behaviors could be classified into two types based on their costliness; (2) recycling efforts have a positive effect on costless saving behaviors, while having a negative effect on costly saving behaviors; (3) both the positive and negative effect of recycling efforts on resource saving is mediated by pride feeling and environmental self-identity; and (4) recycling cost negatively moderates the effects of recycling efforts on pride feeling. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of the findings.

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