Modeling and Estimating Host Country Values in International Projects to Facilitate In-Country Value Creation

International companies are more and more seeking to act proactively by proposing In-Country Value (ICV) strategies to create sustainable local values in the host countries in which they carry out projects. Still, such sustainable local values are complex to identify because they are often indirectly related to their own value chains, project activities, and outcomes. There are, therefore, both theoretical and industrial needs to model and estimate sustainable values brought by complex projects in host countries, considering direct and indirect effects. In this paper, a systems thinking-based approach combined with a frequency analysis first permitted to build up a model of the sustainable values created by the project in a host country. Then, after underlining the complexity of such a model, a Domain Mapping Matrix (DMM) approach was proposed to help build a process to estimate project impacts in terms of ICV creation. An application to a case study built up with an industrial practitioner (an oil and gas company) permitted to test and validate the overall model and approach. It notably showed how such a model permitted to facilitate discussions among stakeholders and laid the foundations of ICV creation-oriented decision-making processes.

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Arrival Cities: Refugees in Three German Cities

Proceedings 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age ◽

10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6318 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Hajo Neis ◽

Briana Meier ◽

Tomo Furukawazono

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Case Studies ◽

Host Country ◽

Financial Support ◽

Refugee Crisis ◽

Host Countries ◽

Ruhr Area ◽

The Social ◽

German Cities

Since 2015, the authors have studied the refugee crisis in Europe and the Middle East. The intent of theproject is to not only study the refugee crisis in various spatial and architectural settings and aspectsbut also actively try to help refugees with their problems that they experience in the events fromstarting an escape and to settling in a given host country, city town or neighborhood.In this paper, the authors present three case studies in three different cities in Germany. Refugees areeverywhere in Germany, even in smaller towns and villages. The case study cities are at differentscales with Borken (15,000 people), Kassel, a mid-size city (200,000), and Essen a larger city(600,000) as part of the still larger Ruhr Area Megacity. In these cities we try to understand the life ofrefugees from their original escape country/city to their arrival in their new cities and new countries.Our work focuses on the social-spatial aspects of refugee experiences, and their impact on urbanmorphology and building typology.We also try to understand how refugees manage their new life in partial safety of place, shelter foodand financial support but also in uncertainty and insecurity until officially accepted as refugees.Beyond crisis we are looking at how refugees can and want to integrate into their host countries, citiesand neighborhoods and start a new life. Social activities and physical projects including urbanarchitecture projects for housing and work, that help the process of integration, are part of thispresentation.

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Varieties of capitalism in multinational companies: A comparative study of Volkswagen Slovakia and Kia Motors Slovakia

Competition & Change ◽

10.1177/1024529420940925 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 31-51

Author(s):

Thomas Haipeter ◽

Hyung Je Jo

Keyword(s):

Host Country ◽

Multinational Companies ◽

Varieties Of Capitalism ◽

Host Countries ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Labour Relations ◽

Labour Shortage ◽

Foreign Operations ◽

Power Position

This paper is about industrial relation (IR) strategies and practices in multinational companies (MNCs). It is based on a comparison of these practices in subsidiaries of different MNC within one country. We discuss how far differences and commonalities can be explained by national IR institutions, by company structures and cultures or by the agency of IR actors. In doing so, this will also address the broader question of how far the varieties of capitalism affect what MNCs do abroad and if, and in what way, they adapt to local conditions in terms of IRs and union structures. The paper is based on a case study comparison of two of the biggest automotive companies, Volkswagen and Hyundai, and their production locations in Slovakia. Both companies have different institutional backgrounds in their host countries with different patterns of labour relations, they are internationalized on a growing level and they both have foreign operations in identical countries like in Slovakia, which makes it possible to analyse the effects of institutions, strategies and labour agency by a comparison of establishments. There are two main findings exposing a strong interplay of the factors under scrutiny. First, in both companies, the local IR patterns are strongly shaped by the varieties of institutions at the company headquarters, whereas the IR institutions of the host country are adapted to them; and second, agency plays a growing role as the labour shortage improves the power position of the unions.

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Human Capital of Returnee Entrepreneurs: A Case Study in China

Journal of Enterprising Culture ◽

10.1142/s021849581650014x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (04) ◽

pp. 391-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Li Zhou ◽

Maris Farquharson ◽

Thomas Wing Yan Man

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Host Country ◽

Work Experience ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Opportunity Identification ◽

Host Countries ◽

Legal Professionals ◽

New Firm ◽

Specific Human Capital

Returnee entrepreneurs (REs), who left China for education or work experience, accumulate human capital (HC) from their host countries. Such HC may be of benefit when forming new firms on their return to their home country. Insight from an in-depth case study of a service company for legal professionals, formed by three REs in Shanghai, is observed. Data were collected through participant observation and in-depth interviews. Findings indicate a contingency effect of HC. REs’ specific human capital (SHC), leveraged from their ‘host country experiences’, increased their alertness to business opportunities (i.e., opportunity identification). Their general human capital (GHC), leveraged from their ‘home and host country experiences’, prompted the new firm formation (i.e., opportunity exploitation).

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Improving food value chains for cereal doughs in West Africa: case study of mawè in Benin

Food Chain ◽

10.3362/2046-1887.18-00013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 18-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcel Houngbédji ◽

Sègla Wilfrid Padonou ◽

Ana Maria d’Auchamp ◽

Noël Akissoé ◽

Moses Dachariga Mengu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Value Chains ◽

Food Value

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Varied Responses to Human-Induced Seismicity in the City of Azle, Texas

Case Studies in the Environment ◽

10.1525/cse.2019.002196 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Sarmistha R. Majumdar

Keyword(s):

State Government ◽

Induced Seismicity ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

The United States ◽

The State ◽

Prior History ◽

Small Community ◽

Regulatory Policies ◽

The Status

Fracking has helped to usher in an era of energy abundance in the United States. This advanced drilling procedure has helped the nation to attain the status of the largest producer of crude oil and natural gas in the world, but some of its negative externalities, such as human-induced seismicity, can no longer be ignored. The occurrence of earthquakes in communities located at proximity to disposal wells with no prior history of seismicity has shocked residents and have caused damages to properties. It has evoked individuals’ resentment against the practice of injection of fracking’s wastewater under pressure into underground disposal wells. Though the oil and gas companies have denied the existence of a link between such a practice and earthquakes and the local and state governments have delayed their responses to the unforeseen seismic events, the issue has gained in prominence among researchers, affected community residents, and the media. This case study has offered a glimpse into the varied responses of stakeholders to human-induced seismicity in a small city in the state of Texas. It is evident from this case study that although individuals’ complaints and protests from a small community may not be successful in bringing about statewide changes in regulatory policies on disposal of fracking’s wastewater, they can add to the public pressure on the state government to do something to address the problem in a state that supports fracking.

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Shale Resources, Parks Conservation, and Contested Public Lands in North Dakota’s Theodore Roosevelt National Park: Is Fracking Booming?

Case Studies in the Environment ◽

10.1525/cse.2019.002121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Miriam R. Aczel ◽

Karen E. Makuch

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

The United States ◽

Federal Agencies ◽

Cultural Significance ◽

Theodore Roosevelt ◽

Natural Beauty ◽

Theodore Roosevelt National Park ◽

Bakken Shale

This case study analyzes the potential impacts of weakening the National Park Service’s (NPS) “9B Regulations” enacted in 1978, which established a federal regulatory framework governing hydrocarbon rights and extraction to protect natural resources within the parks. We focus on potential risks to national parklands resulting from Executive Orders 13771—Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs [1]—and 13783—Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth [2]—and subsequent recent revisions and further deregulation. To establish context, we briefly overview the history of the United States NPS and other relevant federal agencies’ roles and responsibilities in protecting federal lands that have been set aside due to their value as areas of natural beauty or historical or cultural significance [3]. We present a case study of Theodore Roosevelt National Park (TRNP) situated within the Bakken Shale Formation—a lucrative region of oil and gas deposits—to examine potential impacts if areas of TRNP, particularly areas designated as “wilderness,” are opened to resource extraction, or if the development in other areas of the Bakken near or adjacent to the park’s boundaries expands [4]. We have chosen TRNP because of its biodiversity and rich environmental resources and location in the hydrocarbon-rich Bakken Shale. We discuss where federal agencies’ responsibility for the protection of these lands for future generations and their responsibility for oversight of mineral and petroleum resources development by private contractors have the potential for conflict.

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THE URBAN MIGRANT FUTURE DESIRE: A STUDY OF REVERSE MIGRATION IN MALAYSIA

Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment ◽

10.24191/myse.v3i2.5602 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 177

Author(s):

Nur Huzeima Mohd Hussain ◽

Hugh Byrd ◽

Nur Azfahani Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Oil And Gas ◽

Industrial Society ◽

Peak Oil ◽

Population Mobility ◽

Reverse Migration ◽

The Past ◽

Urban Migrants ◽

Urban Migrant ◽

Oil Crisis

Globalisation combined with resources of oil and gas has led to an industrial society in Malaysia. For the past 30 years, rapid urban growth has shifted from 73% rural to 73% urban population. However, the peak oil crisis and economic issues are threatening the growth of urbanisation and influencing the trends of population mobility. This paper documents the beginnings of a reverse migration (urban-to-rural) in Malaysia. The method adopted case study that involves questionnaires with the urban migrants to establish the desires, definite intentions and reasons for future migration. Based on this data, it predicts a trend and rate of reverse migration in Malaysia.

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Breaking the Shackles of Gender Stereotyping to Create New Norms: The Case of Zimbabwean Migrant Women in Mthatha Town

Gender Questions ◽

10.25159/2412-8457/6847 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sanction Madambi

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Gender Stereotyping ◽

Personal Agency ◽

Migrant Women ◽

Host Countries ◽

Qualitative Research Design ◽

Norms And Values ◽

Recent Case Study ◽

Traditional Approaches

The migration of Zimbabweans into South Africa is shaped by several factors and processes. Traditionally, the decision to migrate was mostly based on family considerations (where gender stereotypic roles were a priority), although in some cases the migrants exercised individualism and personal agency. This led to migration trends that were male dominated. Current Zimbabwean migration trends reflect large volumes of women as the socio-economic crisis forces them to leave their country. These migrant women encounter a myriad of challenges in their host countries. This paper explores Zimbabwean women’s migration to the town of Mthatha in South Africa, highlighting their challenges and the strategies they employ to overcome these, as found in a recent case study. Applying a qualitative research design and using questionnaires and interviews to gather data from the 100 purposively sampled women, the study found that many Zimbabwean migrant women in Mthatha encountered numerous challenges. They lacked the required documents to live and work in South Africa, experienced exploitation and marriage constraints, and had broken ties with their families back in Zimbabwe. According to the study, these women managed to navigate these challenges, rising above the stereotypic norms and values that used to label them as non-productive citizens to superheroes who were supporting their families and the country’s economy—thus breaking the shackles of gender stereotyping to create new norms. These findings underline the importance of shifting from the traditional approaches to women migration and pursuing perspectives that present migration as a critical component of the process of social change and development to all migrants.

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