A Smart Integrated Brain-Computer Interaction for Epileptic Seizure Detection

Epilepsy is brain resulted activities which are affected by suddenly seizures which have unpredictable changes affects brain electrical functionalities. Epilepsy has a significant impact on society on the healthcare treatment, cost, responds, and patients behavior. The study has main objectives to propose accurate integrated framework for epileptic seizure detection from the pre-ictal phase of the EEG signal. Locate the connected channel lobe in region where epileptic is expected to occur. Provide automated and real-time monitoring and send warning messages to patient and epileptologist to take accurate actions before ictal occur. Enable future contribution for different Seizure features and impact. Also reduce cost, time and effort. Based on the hypothesis of entropy of EEG signals during seizure has low value if (n) of channels are detected to have seizure, then they are considered as connected neighbors in brain domain mapping, which is clear alert that patient will have a seizure ictal. This end to end framework has modules of data acquisition, pre-processing, feature extraction, pattern-matching, supports vector machines (SVM) classifier for extracted feature, in addition to monitoring and notification. The extracted features includes lower threshold, homogeneity, weighted permutation entropy, power and energy. Also identify the physiological field located inside the brain which the seizure will expected to occur. The final output results have 92% for True positive rate in addition to 95% of F1 and 98.9% of accuracy. This system has proved consistency during all its phases of seizure detection with valuable and effective support to the society.

A Full Coverage Reconstruction Algorithm for the Electromagnetic Map Based on Affinity Propagation Clustering

Considering the reconstruction of electromagnetic maps without the prior information of electromagnetic propagation environment in the target area, a new algorithm based on affinity propagation clustering is proposed to complete the electromagnetic map reconstruction of the target area from points to surfaces and then from points and surfaces to a larger surface. Firstly, according to the actual situation, the target area is reasonably divided into grids. Electromagnetic data is sampled by distributed sensing nodes, and a certain number of sample points are selected for affinity propagation clustering to determine the locations of centers of sample points. Secondly, for the incomplete sample data, the Kriging algorithm is used to reconstruct the small circular electromagnetic maps. The class center is the center of the circle and the radius is certain. After that, the obtained small area electromagnetic map data and the data obtained from the sample points are used for domain mapping processing, and the electromagnetic data of a larger area of the target area is obtained. Finally, the overall electromagnetic map is reconstructed through data fusion. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is better than several interpolation algorithms. When sample points account for 0.1 of total data points, the RMSE of the result is less than 1.5.

Metonymy in Mind, Language, and Communication

<p>The typical view considers metonymy as an intra-domain mapping which involves the source providing mental access to the target within the domain, with PART-WHOLE as the prototypical relation. This commonly held view of metonymy in Cognitive Linguistics pays attention to what happens after the domain, or rather, the WHOLE, has been established. How the WHOLE is formed seems to be missing. Based on the research results of cognitive science, especially in cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, and neuroscience, metonymy is tentatively argued to be an innate cognitive mechanism involving PART-WHOLE FORMING, PART-WHOLE/PART RELATING processes. The PART-WHOLE FORMING process establishes the WHOLE from the PART: It picks up some prominent element(s) in an interactive process to form a patterned experience, and the PART-WHOLE/PART RELATING process relates PART to PART, relating PART to the WHOLE and vice versa. The PART-WHOLE/PART RELATING process is made possible by the PART-WHOLE FORMING process. Metonymic operations usually precede metaphoric operation. Metaphor is essentially grounded on metonymy. Metonymy as a cognitive mechanism is most noticeably realized in language. It operates in various aspects of language and language use. The experience pattern (i.e. the WHOLE) formulated through the PART-WHOLE FORMING process is found to underpin the process of grammaticalization, the development of meaning prototype, and to motivate such daily language use as football nicknaming and to bring in certain cognitive and communicative functions. In the light of this view of metonymy, grammaticalization is considered from the conceptual perspective as a process from the general/global to the specific/local, or from focus on one specific aspect to focus on another particular aspect within the global WHOLE, rather than the usually held concrete-to-abstract process. This also applies to word meaning prototypes. Word meaning develops due to the dynamic of meaning prototypes. When considered from the conceptual perspective, meaning prototypes generally develop from the general/global to the specific/local with the change and specification of contextual situations. The cognitive analysis of football nicknames also suggests that metonymy is overwhelming and provides the requisite basis for metaphor. The PART-WHOLE FORMING and the PART-WHOLE/PART RELATING processes of metonymy as an inherent cognitive mechanism often interact in the mind, which is evidenced in language and may be best illustrated through analysis of interactive communication in general, and dialogic discourse in particular. Metonymy in interaction is embodied in its functions and operations in dialogue and its contribution to the dialogue as a discourse entity. Metonymy operates in dialogic discourse in various patterns of GENERAL-SPECIFIC scheme. It operates in the development of dialogue and helps structure the dialogic discourse, making it a coherent discourse entity; it makes meaning out of the local utterance and relates it to the whole dialogue; it underlies the decision-making process, helping make a final decision among alternatives. It also motivates the problem-solving process, helping formulate and organise replies to the questions posed by the counterpart in dialogic discourse, and facilitating the solution of daily problems.</p>

Metonymy in Mind, Language, and Communication

<p>The typical view considers metonymy as an intra-domain mapping which involves the source providing mental access to the target within the domain, with PART-WHOLE as the prototypical relation. This commonly held view of metonymy in Cognitive Linguistics pays attention to what happens after the domain, or rather, the WHOLE, has been established. How the WHOLE is formed seems to be missing. Based on the research results of cognitive science, especially in cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, and neuroscience, metonymy is tentatively argued to be an innate cognitive mechanism involving PART-WHOLE FORMING, PART-WHOLE/PART RELATING processes. The PART-WHOLE FORMING process establishes the WHOLE from the PART: It picks up some prominent element(s) in an interactive process to form a patterned experience, and the PART-WHOLE/PART RELATING process relates PART to PART, relating PART to the WHOLE and vice versa. The PART-WHOLE/PART RELATING process is made possible by the PART-WHOLE FORMING process. Metonymic operations usually precede metaphoric operation. Metaphor is essentially grounded on metonymy. Metonymy as a cognitive mechanism is most noticeably realized in language. It operates in various aspects of language and language use. The experience pattern (i.e. the WHOLE) formulated through the PART-WHOLE FORMING process is found to underpin the process of grammaticalization, the development of meaning prototype, and to motivate such daily language use as football nicknaming and to bring in certain cognitive and communicative functions. In the light of this view of metonymy, grammaticalization is considered from the conceptual perspective as a process from the general/global to the specific/local, or from focus on one specific aspect to focus on another particular aspect within the global WHOLE, rather than the usually held concrete-to-abstract process. This also applies to word meaning prototypes. Word meaning develops due to the dynamic of meaning prototypes. When considered from the conceptual perspective, meaning prototypes generally develop from the general/global to the specific/local with the change and specification of contextual situations. The cognitive analysis of football nicknames also suggests that metonymy is overwhelming and provides the requisite basis for metaphor. The PART-WHOLE FORMING and the PART-WHOLE/PART RELATING processes of metonymy as an inherent cognitive mechanism often interact in the mind, which is evidenced in language and may be best illustrated through analysis of interactive communication in general, and dialogic discourse in particular. Metonymy in interaction is embodied in its functions and operations in dialogue and its contribution to the dialogue as a discourse entity. Metonymy operates in dialogic discourse in various patterns of GENERAL-SPECIFIC scheme. It operates in the development of dialogue and helps structure the dialogic discourse, making it a coherent discourse entity; it makes meaning out of the local utterance and relates it to the whole dialogue; it underlies the decision-making process, helping make a final decision among alternatives. It also motivates the problem-solving process, helping formulate and organise replies to the questions posed by the counterpart in dialogic discourse, and facilitating the solution of daily problems.</p>

Multilevel quadrature for elliptic problems on random domains by the coupling of FEM and BEM

Elliptic boundary value problems which are posed on a random domain can be mapped to a fixed, nominal domain. The randomness is thus transferred to the diffusion matrix and the loading. While this domain mapping method is quite efficient for theory and practice, since only a single domain discretisation is needed, it also requires the knowledge of the domain mapping. However, in certain applications, the random domain is only described by its random boundary, while the quantity of interest is defined on a fixed, deterministic subdomain. In this setting, it thus becomes necessary to compute a random domain mapping on the whole domain, such that the domain mapping is the identity on the fixed subdomain and maps the boundary of the chosen fixed, nominal domain on to the random boundary. To overcome the necessity of computing such a mapping, we therefore couple the finite element method on the fixed subdomain with the boundary element method on the random boundary. We verify on one hand the regularity of the solution with respect to the random domain mapping required for many multilevel quadrature methods, such as the multilevel quasi-Monte Carlo quadrature using Halton points, the multilevel sparse anisotropic Gauss–Legendre and Clenshaw–Curtis quadratures and multilevel interlaced polynomial lattice rules. On the other hand, we derive the coupling formulation and show by numerical results that the approach is feasible.

The Conceptual Metaphor of Modesty in English and Ukrainian

The Conceptual Metaphor of Modesty in English and UkrainianThe article focuses on the cultural regulatory concept of MODESTY in English and Ukrainian linguistic construals of the world. The article examines this concept as it is lexicalized in English and Ukrainian in terms of cross-domain mapping and conceptual integration theory. In the corresponding national corpora of fiction, MODESTY serves both as target and source domains, thus forming the range and scope of conceptual metaphors. The article claims that in genetically unrelated languages, conceptual metaphors of MODESTY demonstrate common mental models and mainly vary in their verbal form and in their frequency in discourse. From a cross-cultural perspective, the variation of conceptual metaphors of MODESTY is motivated not only linguistically but also culturally. In English conceptual metaphors, the source domains cross-mapped onto the target MODESTY are semantically more varied than in Ukrainian. The target domains onto which modesty is mapped form semantically similar conceptual metaphors, which differ in their frequency in English and Ukrainian discourses. Metafora konceptualna skromności w języku angielskim i ukraińskim Autorki przedstawiają kulturowo-regulacyjny koncept SKROMNOŚCI w angielskich i ukraińskich językowych konstruktach świata. Analizują leksykalizację tego konceptu w języku angielskim i ukraińskim pod kątem mapowania międzydomenowego i teorii integracji konceptualnej. W utworach literackich zawartych w korpusach narodowych SKROMNOŚĆ służy zarówno jako domena docelowa, jak i źródłowa, kształtując w ten sposób zakres metafor konceptualnych. Autorki stwierdzają, że w językach niezwiązanych genetycznie konceptualne metafory SKROMNOŚCI wskazują na wspólne modele umysłowe i różnią się głównie formą werbalną oraz częstotliwością występowania w dyskursie. Z perspektywy międzykulturowej, zróżnicowanie konceptualnych metafor SKROMNOŚCI jest umotywowane nie tylko językowo, ale i kulturowo. W angielskich metaforach konceptualnych domeny źródłowe, na które nakłada się docelowe pojęcie SKROMNOŚCI, są semantycznie bardziej zróżnicowane niż w metaforach ukraińskich. Domeny docelowe, na które mapowana jest SKROMNOŚĆ, tworzą semantycznie podobne metafory konceptualne, różniące się częstotliwością występowania w dyskursie angielskim i ukraińskim.

Energy Research Infrastructures in Europe and Beyond: Mapping an Unmapped Landscape

European research and innovation policy highlights the importance of transnational scientific collaboration, International collaborations in science concentrates and magnifies resources for conducting research and foster innovation. Often, individual institutions, or even individual European countries, cannot provide the right capabilities by themselves. Joint facilities and Research Infrastructures (RIs) are therefore of high importance, and through Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe nearly €5 bn EU funding is set aside for these institutions. Considering the large-scale funding and the perceived importance of RIs, a better understanding of their roles, functions, and usefulness is highly relevant to of European integration studies. While ‘Research Infrastructures’ has become a fixed terminology of EU-policy, conceptually defining RIs remain a matter of academic debate. We contribute to the “what is an RI?”-discussion by synthesizing existing literature and presenting novel empirical data from the energy domain mapping of the Horizon 2020-project Research Infrastructures in the International Landscape (RISCAPE). We provide insights into the process of mapping an hitherto largely unknown landscape of global Energy RIs. These insights touch upon both definitional issues relevant to the RI-field and methodological concerns for future landscape analyses. Finally, the article suggests that when it comes to energy research, RI-terminology might be misplaced as a catchall modern synonym for “gold standard world-class science”.

Offshore CRI Well Performance Diagnostics and Fractured Domain Mapping Using Injection Data Analytics and Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation, Verified Through 4D Seismic and Wireline Logging

The cuttings re-injection (CRI) well in the Astokh area of Piltun-Astokhskoye field offshore Sakhalin Russia is one of the longest operating drilling waste disposal wells in the oil and gas industry worldwide. The Astokh area has been developed as a waterflood and is operated by Sakhalin Energy, a joint venture between Gazprom, Shell, Mitsui, and Mitsubishi. The Astokh CRI well has been utilized for waste injection for over 16 years. About 300,000 m3 of waste has been disposed into the main injection zone of the CRI well. Monitoring and modelling the CRI process to understand the evolution of the disposal domain is paramount for safeguarding further disposal operations. The disposal domain can be described as a complex system of multiple hydraulic and natural fractures due to injection under fracturing conditions. CRI domain evaluation includes analysis of historical injection pressures to identify the reasons of continuous injection pressure increase with increasing cumulative waste volumes disposed, to confirm domain containment, and to predict remaining domain capacity. Transient pressure analysis has revealed that the fracture closure pressure, driven by pore pressure increase and the accumulation of injected solid-phase waste, is the key parameter affecting injection pressures. Injection intensity, periods of shut-in, large overflushes, and solids-free liquids injections with corresponding solids and stresses redistribution are the other factors that affecting the pressure trends. CRI domain mapping was carried out with history-matched time-lapse 3D hydraulic fracture models. Injection pressure history matching results reveal the fracture geometry evolution during well life. The distribution of the injected liquid phase in the sand layers was modeled with a 3D dynamic reservoir sector model, matched with injection pressures and with formation pressure data in two offset wells, located at a distance of 1 and 2 kilometers, respectively. A matched model was then used to assure fracture containment for future waste disposal and to estimate remaining domain capacity. High-precision temperature and spectral noise logs were acquired in seawater injection and shut-in modes. The log-derived fracture height confirmed the domain size predicted by the matched model. 4D seismic data processing revealed that dimensions of Geomechanically Altered Rock Volume (GARV) were also in the same range as predicted by the model p. The integration of CRI domain evaluation with matched 3D hydraulic fracture models, well logs and 4D seismic demonstrated that injection pressure data collected during every injection cycle may be sufficient to characterize disposal domain evolution and to estimate domain capacity.

On Embodiment of Predicative Metaphor: A Case of English Body-action Verbs

This paper presents an analysis of embodiment of predicative metaphor which is an important topic in cognitive linguistic study. Previous researches are mainly about the identification, classification and construal of predicative metaphor, while its cognitive motivation has not been discussed. Based on the conceptual metaphor theory and embodied philosophy, the cognitive motivation of the metaphorical usage of English body-action verbs is discussed. It is concluded that the metaphorical usage of English body-action verbs arises from the embodied experience. Concepts related to human body are preferred to be the source domain of the cross-domain mapping used to understand other concepts. The metaphorical usage of English body-action verbs is created through human body metaphor.