scholarly journals Second-Generation Phosphorus: Recovery from Wastes towards the Sustainability of Production Chains

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5919
Author(s):  
Camila Ester Hollas ◽  
Alice Chiapetti Bolsan ◽  
Bruno Venturin ◽  
Gabriela Bonassa ◽  
Deisi Cristina Tápparo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
P Recovery

Phosphorus (P) is essential for life and has a fundamental role in industry and the world food production system. The present work describes different technologies adopted for what is called the second-generation P recovery framework, that encompass the P obtained from residues and wastes. The second-generation P has a high potential to substitute the first-generation P comprising that originally mined from rock phosphates for agricultural production. Several physical, chemical, and biological processes are available for use in second-generation P recovery. They include both concentrating and recovery technologies: (1) chemical extraction using magnesium and calcium precipitating compounds yielding struvite, newberyite and calcium phosphates; (2) thermal treatments like combustion, hydrothermal carbonization, and pyrolysis; (3) nanofiltration and ion exchange methods; (4) electrochemical processes; and (5) biological processes such as composting, algae uptake, and phosphate accumulating microorganisms (PAOs). However, the best technology to use depends on the characteristic of the waste, the purpose of the process, the cost, and the availability of land. The exhaustion of deposits (economic problem) and the accumulation of P (environmental problem) are the main drivers to incentivize the P’s recovery from various wastes. Besides promoting the resource’s safety, the recovery of P introduces the residues as raw materials, closing the productive systems loop and reducing their environmental damage.

scholarly journals Sewage Sludge Treatment by Hydrothermal Carbonization: Feasibility Study for Sustainable Nutrient Recovery and Fuel Production

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2697
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gerner ◽  
Luca Meyer ◽  
Rahel Wanner ◽  
Thomas Keller ◽  
Rolf Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge Treatment

Phosphorus recovery from waste biomass is becoming increasingly important, given that phosphorus is an exhaustible non-renewable resource. For the recovery of plant nutrients and production of climate-neutral fuel from wet waste streams, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been suggested as a promising technology. In this study, digested sewage sludge (DSS) was used as waste material for phosphorus and nitrogen recovery. HTC was conducted at 200 °C for 4 h, followed by phosphorus stripping (PS) or leaching (PL) at room temperature. The results showed that for PS and PL around 84% and 71% of phosphorus, as well as 53% and 54% of nitrogen, respectively, could be recovered in the liquid phase (process water and/or extract). Heavy metals were mainly transferred to the hydrochar and only <1 ppm of Cd and 21–43 ppm of Zn were found to be in the liquid phase of the acid treatments. According to the economic feasibility calculation, the HTC-treatment per dry ton DSS with an industrial-scale plant would cost around 608 USD. Between 349–406 kg of sulfuric acid are required per dry ton DSS to achieve a high yield in phosphorus recovery, which causes additional costs of 96–118 USD. Compared to current sewage sludge treatment costs in Switzerland, which range between 669 USD and 1173 USD, HTC can be an economically feasible process for DSS treatment and nutrient recovery.

ANN-Kriging hybrid model for predicting carbon and inorganic phosphorus recovery in hydrothermal carbonization

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 242-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Y. Ismail ◽  
Saeed Shirazian ◽  
Ivanna Skoretska ◽  
Oleksii Mynko ◽  
Bashir Ghanim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery

P-Recovery from sewage by seeded crystallisation in a pilot plant in batch mode technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ehbrecht ◽  
S. Schönauer ◽  
T. Fuderer ◽  
R. Schuhmann
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Phosphate Mineral ◽  
P Recovery

P-Recovery from actual sewage by P-RoC-technology (Phosphorus Recovery by Crystallisation of phosphate mineral phases from waste- and processwater) was studied in a pilot scale. Therewith the practicability of the pilot plant was tested and the quality of the so generated products was investigated.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Recovery from Sewage Sludge Ash Based on Cradle-to-Cradle Approach—Mini-Review

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Anna Jama-Rodzeńska ◽  
Józef Sowiński ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Andrzej Białowiec
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Sewage Sludge Ash ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Cradle To Cradle ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Sludge Ash

The wastewater treatment process generates large amounts of P-rich organic waste (sewage sludge (SS)). The direct application of SS in agriculture, being controversial, is gradually being replaced by incineration, leading to the concentration of both P and heavy metals in the solid residual-sewage sludge ash (SSA). The novel closed-loop, cradle-to-cradle (C2C) approach leads to maintaining P production at current levels and counteracts its depletion in the future. The aim of this review is the presentation of the implementation of the C2C approach for P recovery. The paper focuses on steps that comprise P C2C, starting from the SS properties, being a derivative of wastewater type and treatment processes, to SS pre-treatment and finally leading to certified P-fertilizers production from SSA by application thermochemical or wet chemical extraction technologies. Examples of SSA treatment technologies and the final products are provided. It has been summarized that future research should focus on the production of SSA-based fertilizers aligning with the C2C concept and determining its effect on the various agriculture and horticulture crops.

scholarly journals Second Generation Drosophila Chemical Tags: Sensitivity, Versatility and Speed

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Sutcliffe ◽  
Julian Ng ◽  
Thomas O. Auer ◽  
Mathias Pasche ◽  
Richard Benton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Chemical Labeling ◽  
Translational Enhancers ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Speed Advantage ◽  
Chemical Tags ◽  
Dna Recombinase

Labeling and visualizing cells and sub-cellular structures within thick tissues, whole organs and even intact animals is key to studying biological processes. This is particularly true for studies of neural circuits where neurons form sub-micron synapses but have arbors that may span millimeters in length. Traditionally labeling is achieved by immunofluorescence; however diffusion of antibody molecules (>100 kDa) is slow and often results in uneven labeling with very poor penetration into the centre of thick specimens; these limitations can be partially addressed by extending staining protocols to over a week (Drosophila brain) and months (mice). Recently we developed an alternative approach using genetically encoded chemical tags CLIP, SNAP, Halo and TMP for tissue labeling; this resulted in >100 fold increase in labeling speed in both mice and Drosophila, at the expense of a considerable drop in absolute sensitivity when compared to optimized immunofluorescence staining. We now present a second generation of UAS and LexA responsive CLIP, SNAPf and Halo chemical labeling reagents for flies. These multimerized tags with translational enhancers display up to 64 fold increase in sensitivity over first generation reagents. In addition we developed a suite of conditional reporters (4xSNAPf tag and CLIP-SNAP-Halo) that are activated by the DNA recombinase Bxb1. Our new reporters can be used with weak and strong GAL4 and LexA drivers and enable stochastic, intersectional and multicolor Brainbow labeling. These improvements in sensitivity and experimental versatility, while still retaining the substantial speed advantage that is a signature of chemical labeling, should significantly increase the scope of this technology.

scholarly journals Technology of Microbial Electrolysis Cell with Statistical Optimization by Response Surface Methodology for Bio-Hydrogen Production and Phosphorus Recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
A.N.Z. Alshehri
Keyword(s):  
Applied Voltage ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Statistical Optimization ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microbial Electrolysis Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Microbial Electrolysis

In this study, two chamber microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) were used to investigate effect of applied voltage and concentration of influent COD on bio-hydrogen (H2) production and phosphorus (P) recovery. On the cathode chamber P as crystals were precipitated (the maximum was 94%), and verified as struvite, using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Maximum of the H2 production rate was 0.31m3/m3/d. H2 production and P recovery have highly affected by applied voltage according to statistical optimization, while P recovery only had significantly affected by influent COD concentration. The range from 28 to 42%, was the total of energy recovery in the MEC. The current findings demonstrated capability of H2 production and P recovery using MECs technology.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(1): 1-11 

scholarly journals Soil Test Phosphorus Recovery from Livestock Manures Compared with Inorganic Fertilizer in Soil Incubations

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
J. Craig Miller ◽  
T. Astatkie ◽  
Ali Madani
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fertilizer Equivalence

This paper compared dairy and hen manure P recovery relative to fertilizer P recovery for two Nova Scotia soils with different antecedent soil test P (STP), incubated for 5, 15, 30, 60, and 110 days. Fertilizer equivalence of manure P was expressed as P recovery ratio in percentage points (%PRR). Repeated measures analysis with soil pH covariate revealed: (1) manure %PRR averaged 72% (low-STP soil) and 80% (medium-STP soil), (2) there were no significant differences in %PRR between dairy and hen manure, and (3) manure %PRR decreased with incubation time for the low-STP soil but not for the medium-STP soil. The soil pH covariate was significant for both low- and medium-STP soils, and the relationship with %PRR was positive for low- but not for the medium-STP soil.

scholarly journals Recovery of phosphates as struvite from urine-diverting toilets: optimization of pH, Mg:PO4 ratio and contact time to improve precipitation yield and crystal morphology

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 1276-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Manuel Rodrigues ◽  
Rita do Amaral Fragoso ◽  
Ana Paula Carvalho ◽  
Thomas Hein ◽  
António Guerreiro de Brito
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Co Precipitation

Abstract Phosphate (P) recovery from urban wastewaters is an effective strategy to address environmental protection and resource conservation, aiming at an effective circular economy. Off-grid wastewater treatment systems like urine-diverting toilets (UDT) can contribute to source separation towards nutrient recovery, namely phosphorus recovery. Effectiveness of P precipitation requires a process-based knowledge regarding pH, Mg:PO4, contact time and their interactions in P recovery and crystal morphology. Several studies failed to see the process as a whole and how factors influence both morphology and P recovery for UDT hydrolysed urine. This study addressed the above-mentioned factors and their interactions, and results showed that pH and Mg:PO4 ratio are the key factors for struvite precipitation, whereas contact time is relevant for crystal growth. The recommended set of factors proposed (pH 8.5, Mg:PO4 ratio of 1.2:1 and 30 minutes contact time) not only promotes a high precipitation yield – 99% of P with co-precipitation of at least 21% of ammonium (NH4+) – but also leads to larger crystals with lower water solubility (10% less crystals dissolved in water after 3 days). The obtained outcome facilitates the downstream process and leads to a more efficient slow-release fertiliser, as less P is wasted to receiving waters by leaching, minimising eutrophication processes.

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