scholarly journals COVID-19 and Policy Impacts on the Bangladeshi Rice Market and Food Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5981
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hasan Mobarok ◽  
Wyatt Thompson ◽  
Theodoros Skevas
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Rice Market ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Restrictive Trade ◽  
Partial Equilibrium Model ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Policy Impacts ◽  
The Impact

This research employs a partial equilibrium model to estimate the short- and long-run effects of COVID-19 and rice policies on Bangladesh’s rice market and food security. We also analyze the impact of relevant policies in terms of their effectiveness in mitigating stresses stemming from a hypothetical pandemic with a COVID-19-like impact. The results indicate that the effect of COVID-19 on Bangladeshi food security during FY 2019/20 was mixed, as the indicators of food availability improved by 5%, and decreased by 17% for food stability, relative to what they would have been otherwise. Policy simulation results indicate that a higher import tariff improves self-sufficiency status, but undermines rice availability and accessibility by bending the market toward a restrictive trade regime. Results also indicate that unlike stock enhancement policy, closing the existing yield gap improves rice availability, accessibility, and moderates the depressing effect of a future event with repercussions similar to COVID-19, although the yield policy appears more speculative and could be too costly. The insights generated contribute to the understanding of policies that aim to achieve sustainable development goals related to aggregate food security, and build resilience against future shocks akin to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Did the Qatar Blockade Work? Evidence from Trade and Consumer Welfare Three Years after the Blockade

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Al-Mal ◽  
Ayhab F Saad
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the effects of the embargo (blockade) imposed on Qatar in June 2017 by four countries: Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, and Bahrain. Using highly disaggregated product-destination quarterly trade datasets provided by the Qatar General Authority of Customs, we find a significant decline in Qatar’s aggregate imports and consumer welfare (with an increase in the prices of imported goods) in the short run, but not thereafter. Political relations with non-besieging countries seem to be associated with Qatar’s bilateral trade after the blockade, particularly in the first quarter. Shortly after the blockade, countries opposing the blockade experienced a sizable growth in exports to Qatar. In the medium to long run, Qatar succeeded in mitigating the impact of the blockade by diversifying its import origins and adopting new reforms to stabilize the economy and enhance the country’s food security and self-sufficiency.

FOOD SECURITY IN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-65
Author(s):  
Maria Polozhikhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Climate conditions remain one of the main risk factors for domestic agriculture, and the consequences of global climate change are ambiguous in terms of prospects for agricultural production in Russia. This paper analyzes the impact of climate change on the country’s food security from the point of view of its self-sufficiency in grain primarily. Specific conditions prevailing on the Crimean peninsula are also considered.

Food Security Policy Analysis of Household Level

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Rusliyadi ◽  
Azaharaini Bin Hj. Mohd. Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Composite Analysis ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The study focuses on analyzing the food self-sufficiency village program at household level in Indonesia. The before and after analysis and food and security composite analysis at household level are used as tools. It involved comparing the implication and impact between indicators before and after the implementation of policy. Quantitative data were used to compare major indicators and qualitative data for minor indicators. In general, the impact of the DMP Programme on the villages was positive. The level of poverty in each village has been significantly reduced by 8-40% after the introduction of the programme. Composite food security analysis at household level shows the positive impacts of DMP Programme implementation. This is shown by several indicators, including the rise of 4-7% availability, reduction in poverty by 8-40%, and decrease in people working fewer than 15 hours per week by 10-20%.

scholarly journals Assessment of food trade impacts on water, food, and land security in the MENA region

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 557-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyun Lee ◽  
Rabi H. Mohtar ◽  
Seung-Hwan Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Food

Abstract. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has the largest water deficit in the world. It also has the least food self-sufficiency. Increasing food imports and decreasing domestic food production can contribute to water savings and hence to increased water security. However, increased domestic food production is a better way to achieve food security, even if irrigation demands an increase in accordance with projected climate changes. Accordingly, the trade-off between food security and the savings of water and land through food trade is considered to be a significant factor for resource management, especially in the MENA region. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the impact of food trade on food security and water–land savings in the MENA region. We concluded that the MENA region saved significant amounts of national water and land based on the import of four major crops, namely, barley, maize, rice, and wheat, within the period from 2000 to 2012, even if the food self-sufficiency is still at a low level. For example, Egypt imported 8.3 million t yr−1 of wheat that led to 7.5 billion m3 of irrigation water and 1.3 million ha of land savings. In addition, we estimated the virtual water trade (VWT) that refers to the trade of water embedded in food products and analyzed the structure of VWT in the MENA region using degree and eigenvector centralities. The study revealed that the MENA region focused more on increasing the volume of virtual water imported during the period 2006–2012, yet little attention was paid to the expansion of connections with country exporters based on the VWT network analysis.

scholarly journals Long-Run Impacts of Childhood Access to the Safety Net

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Hoynes ◽  
Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach ◽  
Douglas Almond
Keyword(s):  
Family Background ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
The Impact

We examine the impact of a positive and policy-driven change in economic resources available in utero and during childhood. We focus on the introduction of the Food Stamp Program, which was rolled out across counties between 1961 and 1975. We use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to assemble unique data linking family background and county of residence in early childhood to adult health and economic outcomes. Our findings indicate access to food stamps in childhood leads to a significant reduction in the incidence of metabolic syndrome and, for women, an increase in economic self-sufficiency. (JEL I12, I38, J24)

scholarly journals Impact of the Domestic Labor Market on Sustainability of Agriculture in Oman

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Hemesiri Bandara Kotagama ◽  
Hamam Al-Farsi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Use Intensity ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

Undistorted factor markets are a perquisite for efficient allocation of resources and growth in production. In Oman by 2013, only 16% of households have reported agriculture as the main occupation and 53% have reported nonagricultural government employment as the main occupation. This situation is hypothesized to be related to the labor market; where government legislated higher remuneration in the nonagricultural government sector vis-a-vis agricultural sector, influences Omani farmers to move to nonagricultural employment, causing reduced cultivated area and farm production. The study uses operations research methods to quantify the impact of labor market policies on agricultural employment, farm gross income and land use intensity (proxy for farm production and food security). It is found that the shift of Omani labor from agriculture is influenced by higher wages in the nonagricultural sectors. The agricultural land use intensity is thereby decreased. The policy of allowing hiring of expatriate labor is beneficial in overcoming labor scarcity. However, in the long-run both farm productivity need to improve to be competitive with legislated income receivable from nonagricultural employment and ideally labor markets need to operate freely, to enhance food security and assure employment of Omani labor in agriculture.

scholarly journals Management of the Pandemic: Agriculture, Food Management and Resilience During Covid-19 in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-336
Author(s):  
Pushpa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Food Management ◽  
The Impact

This article aims to analyse the impact of Covid-19 on agricultural activities, food security and policies of food management during the pandemic in India, particularly with reference to hardships caused to the most vulnerable communities due to the loss of livelihood, issues of access and availability. The explorations suggest that the growing inclination to centralise the structure of contemporary food and farming would make the entire system fragile, further accentuating the issues of food insecurity in the country. On the other hand, the localised, diverse systems of farming practices existing in various parts of India are rooted in agroecology, judiciously using and conserving the local natural resources. Thus, they have emerged as not only sustainable in the long run but are also food secure. While this impending crisis has exposed the systemic weakness of globalised food systems like never before, it also provides us with a crucial opportunity to mend our food and farming, keeping the long-term sustainability and food security as the goals.

scholarly journals Pengaruh globalisasi terhadap ketahanan pangan nasional

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sri Widodo
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Domestic Price ◽  
International Trade Policy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

The problem on food security in Indonesia began to be interested since the economic crisis as one component of the social security net. Sustainable food security covers: availability of food, accessibility, utilization, stability, self reliance (autonomy) and sustainability. . Hirarchically food security can be at global order, regional, national, local, household and individual. The higher order offbod security is a necessary condition but not sufficient condition for the lower order.Economic theory indicate that there are gains to be made from free trade. increase the efficiency ufresource allocation, and increase welfare of all countries. However, all government, without exception, intervene to varying degrees in the working of natural market prces, with the reason the need to protect infant industry, to ensure food security, to redistribute income, and to enhance income of small producers.The liberalization initiatives culminated in UR agreement and WTO, among others, dismantling of quantitative restriction and subsidies as well as other nontariff barriers, but there were several new thing of antidumping tariff, sanitary and phytosanitary, technical barrier to trade,environment, and genetically modified organism.The impact of trade liberalization on exporter countries, in general, would benefit the producers, decrease the consumer surplus, and increase social welfare except large populated as India and China. The impact of importer countries depend on the policy of each country. Malaysia and Indonesia by decreasing import tariff policy would increase consumer surplus and social welfare but sacrificing the producers/farmers.National food policies consist of international trade policy domestic price policy, and policy on production efficiency. The international trade policy means to protect producers, consumers, and social welfare from the uncertainty of international market especially in the long run. The stabilization of domestic price policy needs inter department coordination and STE to implement. Protection could result inefficiency but it is needed for commodities those are not ready to compete and to protect from unfair trade, to protect farmers and long run food security.

The Politics of Foreign Aid: Impact of Superpowers’ Economic Assistance on India and Pakistan during the Cold War

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-79
Author(s):  
Surinder Mohan ◽  
J. Susanna Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Impact

This article traces the impact of superpowers’ foreign aid on India and Pakistan during the early decades of the Cold War. It shows how the American policy-makers have drawn their initial strategies to bring India under the Western fold and later, when the Indian leadership resisted by adopting the foreign policy non-alignment, charted a new approach to keep it at an adequate distance from the Soviet influence—particularly by exploiting its food insecurity and inability to complete the five-year plans. In contrast, the Soviet Union extended project-aid to India which assisted it to build much required large industrial base and attain self-sufficiency in the long run. By adhering to the non-aligned doctrine, India not only managed a negotiable balance with the superpower politics but also extracted considerable benefits for its overall development. On the other hand, aligned Pakistan had shown least enthusiasm with regard to self-sufficiency and pursued policies imbued with militarism which ended up it as a rent-seeking dependent state.

scholarly journals Bounded Futures: Growing a Boundary Foreknowledge Infrastructure in Food Security Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Cardon
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Security Research ◽  
Partial Equilibrium Model ◽  
The Future ◽  
Market Production ◽  
Rival Models ◽  
Lock In ◽  
The Impact

One preferred way of coping with the openness or indeterminacy of future is to elaborate ‘fictional expectations’ that enable action by defining possible outcomes. In this article, I propose to focus on the career of the impact foresight model to analyse how agro-economists combine imaginaries, narratives, data and calculative technologies addressing the long-term future of agriculture. Impact is a partial equilibrium model, which has become increasingly comprehensive. Its modular structure now enables it to interweave scenarios produced by other legitimate institutions, and to run simulations for a number of configurations of climate change and socio-economic evolutions. In this article, foresight models are taken to be material discursive devices. My argument is that their evolutions as technologies and the framing of the future they operate should not be analysed separately. Transforming radical uncertainty into controlled variability – magnitude of change, they explicitly endeavour to ‘bound’ uncertainty. But it is ‘bounded’ in a way that is highly dependent on the knowledge infrastructure upon which the models rely. Quantified modelling also makes it possible for economists to compare rival models and create alignments or negotiate zones of consensus, that is, a certain form of knowledge on the future. In the case under scrutiny, technological choices and data processing work contribute to reinforce a certain point of view – market, production and technology-oriented – on food security. Studying infrastructure and model design therefore allows a better understanding of path dependency and cognitive lock-in effects regarding the way the future is envisaged and narrated.

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