scholarly journals Do National Values of Culture and Sustainability Influence Direct Employee PDM Levels and Scope? The Search for a European Answer

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8016
Author(s):  
Marta Valverde-Moreno ◽  
Mercedes Torres-Jiménez ◽  
Ana M. Lucia-Casademunt ◽  
Ana María Pacheco-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Employee Participation ◽  
European Context ◽  
Institutional Values ◽  
European Working ◽  
European Working Conditions Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Sustainable Organizations ◽  
The Impact

The dynamic development of the global economy has led to the creation of agile and innovative organizations that need to adapt rapidly to new challenges. For that reason, organizations need to make decisions that help them face uncertain situations and be successful. Research has demonstrated that employee participative decision making (PDM) promotes more innovative, flexible, and sustainable organizations. The present paper examines organizational, cultural, and sustainable factors to discover how these variables affect PDM in the European context. For this purpose, this study focuses on two main objectives: (1) analyzing the impact of a country’s cultural and institutional values (macro level), beyond individual and organizational characteristics (micro and meso levels), on the adoption of PDM in the European context and (2) differentiating among the types of decisions for which employee participation is considered (operational or organizational). To attain these goals, three hierarchical fitted regression models were fitted using data based on the Sixth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and complemented with information from Hofstede’s dimensions, whose scores are obtained from 2010 Hofstede database, and institutional values from the 2015 World Competitive Yearbook (WCY). Results demonstrate that some cultural values are significant for PDM and that sustainability is related to employee participation at the general and operational levels. This allows the conclusion that organizations located in countries with greater sustainability awareness are also those that promote employee participation the most.

scholarly journals Too Stressed To Be Engaged? The Role of Basic Needs Satisfaction in Understanding Work Stress and Public Sector Engagement

2020 ◽  
pp. 009102602091251
Author(s):  
Jessica Breaugh
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Engagement Theory ◽  
Needs Satisfaction ◽  
European Working ◽  
European Working Conditions Survey ◽  
The Impact

This article explores employee engagement by linking stress, motivation, and employee engagement theory and testing this across 30 countries and eight public sector occupations. First, it is argued that work stress will be negatively related to engagement. Self-determination theory is then used as a basis for exploring the positive link between basic needs satisfaction (BNS) and engagement. It argued that BNS will moderate the relationship between stress and engagement due to the impact that BNS has on coping strategies. These claims are tested using the 2015 wave of the European Working Conditions Survey. Results show stress and engagement are negatively related, whereas BNS and engagement are positively related. Moderation analyses revealed that the detrimental relationship between stress and engagement is lessened for individuals who have strong interpersonal relations at work. This suggests that social relationships play an important role in managing stressful work environments.

scholarly journals The Caribbean and its Linkages with the World

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (256) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Vargas ◽  
Daniela Hess
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Financial Variables ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Global Var ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Using data from 1980-2017, this paper estimates a Global VAR (GVAR) model taylored for the Caribbean region which includes its major trading partners, representing altogether around 60 percent of the global economy. We provide stilyzed facts of the main interrelations between the Caribbean region and the rest of the world, and then we quantify the impact of external shocks on Caribbean countries through the application of two case studies: i) a change in the international price of oil, and ii) an increase in the U.S. GDP. We confirmed that Caribbean countries are highly exposed to external factors, and that a fall in oil prices and an increase in the U.S. GDP have a positive and large impact on most of them after controlling for financial variables, exchange rate fluctuations and overall price changes. The results from the model help to disentangle effects from various channels that interact at the same time, such as flows of tourists, trade of goods, and changes in economic conditions in the largest economies of the globe.

Poverty Reduction, Wealth Creation, and Tourism in Ethnic Minority Communities in Mainland Southeast Asia

2019 ◽  
pp. 904-920
Author(s):  
Scott A. Hipsher
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
International Trading ◽  
Trading Networks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Benefits And Costs

This article describes how there is a debate over the benefits and costs of international tourism and engagement with international trading networks for people living in areas where poverty continues to affect a large percentage of the population. An examination of the perspectives of ethnic minority micro-entrepreneurs on the impact of tourism on their lives and communities is presented. It was found most individuals from these communities find tourism increases livelihood opportunities and neither want to be isolated from the global economy nor want to abandon their traditional cultural values; instead it is preferred to have additional the additional livelihood options which tourism creates.

scholarly journals The Complexity of the Implications of Globalization in the Context of the Current Global Economy

10.26458/1415 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Raluca Ionela CREŢOIU
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Economic Exchanges ◽  
Complex Features ◽  
The Many ◽  
Economy Globalization ◽  
Transfer Of Information ◽  
The Impact

Globalization represents a controversial phenomenon both because of its complexity and because of the various implications it has on the global economy. Globalization will act simultaneously on many levels, its effects being correlated with the diversity of the angles from which this phenomenon can be approached from – economic, social, politic, cultural, philosophic etc.The article represents an incursion into the issue regarding the implications and effects of globalization grouped in several areas of analysis such as the disappearance of borders, the effects on culture, the effects on the education, the impact on labour market impact and the phenomenon of immigration, the effects of globalization in the context of the food crisis underdevelopment and poverty.To complete the analysis that points out enough elements considered to be negative, at the end of the article, there are also approached the development opportunities that globalization can offer in terms of boosting the economic exchanges, the exchange of genuine cultural values and ensuring a transfer of information at a global scale, so necessary for the scientific and technological progress.  The conclusions of the article weighs the many aspects highlighted, both negative and positive, and suggests a series of useful research directions in order to fathom the complex features of this concept so controversial – globalization.   

Latin America and the Cultural Consequences and Contradictions of Globalization

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois Hecht Oppenheim
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
The Past ◽  
Market Culture ◽  
Political Apathy ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of the twin forces of neoliberalism and globalization on culture in Latin America. It argues that the application of a neo-liberal economic strategy over the past 25 years and the increased integration of the region's economy into the global economy have led to changes in cultural values and lifestyles. There is much evidence to support the idea that the changes denote the diffusion of a US-style market culture, which values individualism, competition, and consumerism. Chile was taken as a case study, as it has the longest and most successful experience with the neo-liberal model and globalization in the region. In Chile, and elsewhere, there are notable changes in political culture, including a less partisan and ideological electorate, increased political apathy, especially among the youth, and campaign formats that emphasize style over substance. At the same time, more complex cultural mixtures are also emerging, in which, for example, new campaign techniques are used to reinforce traditional values. There is also increasing resistance to the application of neo-liberal economic policies and to globalization in the region, although it is unclear to what extent this opposition can stem the international tide.

scholarly journals Determinants of job quality — Evidence for European country groups

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nádia Simões ◽  
Nuno Crespo ◽  
José Castro Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Job Quality ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
European Working ◽  
Worker Characteristics ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Based on a micro-level approach and using data from the European Working Conditions Survey, covering 27 countries, we analyse the determinants of job quality. With cluster analysis applied to 11 dimensional indices, we form three homogeneous country groups and identify, by estimating twice-censored Tobit models, the main determinant factors affecting the individual level of job quality in each group. We verify the relevance of variables related to worker characteristics, firm characteristics, and the country in which the individual works. Among worker characteristics, education and employment status are the factors with the highest impact on job quality, while the economic sector is the most important firm characteristic. The results suggest the existence of important differences among groups regarding the magnitude of the impact of some factors. The highest dissimilarities are found between the group with better jobs (Nordic countries plus Belgium) and the group with lower quality jobs (Central and Eastern European countries plus Portugal and Greece). Variables related to age, education, dimension of the firm, and economic sector are those in which more heterogeneity is found among the groups.

Internationalization and Organizational Growth: The Impact of Internet Usage and Technology Involvement Among Entrepreneur-led Family Businesses

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Davis ◽  
Paula D. Harveston
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Organizational Growth ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

For many years, large, multinational corporations were thought to dominate international business. It was recently recognized that a number of entrepreneurial and family firms are active in the international arena (Oviatt & McDougall, 1994). Using data from a U.S. survey of entrepreneur-led family businesses, this paper examines the extent to which certain entrepreneurial characteristics, Internet usage, and investments in information technology influence internationalization and organizational growth among such firms. The results of regression analyses identify variables leading to success in the emerging global economy and their differential impact on these performance outcomes.

THE INDIVIDUALISTIC VIEW OF CULTURE AND THE NASCENT ENTREPRENEURSHIP: AN EXAMINATION OF SCHWARTZ’S CULTURAL VALUES

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850026 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDALLAH ALSAAD
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
World Value Survey ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurship ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Culture ◽  
Cultural Orientations ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the impact of individual culture orientations on the nascent entrepreneurship at the individual level. The cultural orientations investigated in this study were based on Schwartz’s values model. Using data from World Value Survey collected from seven countries ([Formula: see text]), we investigate the direct effect of Open to Change, Self-enhancement, Conservation and Self-transcendence values on nascent entrepreneurship. The results show that the Open to Change values, including Stimulation and Self-direction values, significantly and positively affect nascent entrepreneurship. Only one of the Self-enhancement values has a positive effect on nascent entrepreneurship — the Power value. Meanwhile, Conservation values, including Tradition and Security, negatively and significantly affect the nascent entrepreneurship. Finally, the results show no support for the association between Self-transcendence values and nascent entrepreneurship. Our findings highlight that some values are more conducive to driving or inhibiting nascent entrepreneurship. Investigating the effect of individual cultural orientations on nascent entrepreneurship in the lens of personal values benefits us to comprehend individual motivations toward entrepreneurship, and will light many features of entrepreneurship behavior at the individual level and within and across cultures.

scholarly journals Educational and Ethical Aspects of the Technoscience Challenges in the University Landscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
D. V. Chernikova ◽  
I. V. Chernikova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Status ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Education and research are the main vectors that determine the development path of the university, while the transformations of the nature of science are so significant that in the field of education they find expression not only in the emergence of new disciplines and specialties, but also in the revision of the educational paradigm of a modern university. The paper analyzes the impact of transformations of modern science and methods of scientific knowledge production on the university and its research and educational strategies. In technoscience as a modern form of the post-non-classical paradigm of scientific rationality, science and technology form a hybrid of theoretical activity and social practice. Knowledge is produced not only in the context of discovery and underpinning, but also in the context of the estimated consequences of its application. It is shown that the challenges of technoscience, together with the dynamically developing global economy of knowledge, influence the development strategies of the university, which today performs not only research and educational functions, but also implements the mission of social responsibility, contributing to sustainable development, the introduction of responsible technologies and innovations, defending the status of knowledge as public good as opposed to the status of knowledge as social capital. The specificity of the technoscience ethos in the educational landscape of the university is updated, due to the transdisciplinary organization of scientific knowledge. Transdisciplinary research is characterized by a new vertical dimension that goes beyond the plane of object connections not only into the sphere of human as an agent, but also into the sphere of his life, practice, socio-cultural values, combining the complexity of the world with the complexity of human knowledge. The introduction of converging technologies is characterized by the unpredictability of undesirable side effects arising during their creation and operation. In a practical aspect, the ethics of technoscience is designed to contribute to the creation of mechanisms of self-restraint and self-control in conditions of uncertainty; it requires the researcher to be able to self-reflect on the methods, goals and consequences of the technologies usage. The task of a modern university in the context of the technoscience challenges is to cultivate a responsible professional, a person who is aware not only of the epistemic responsibility of a professional, but also of the internal, existential responsibility of a person as a global citizen.

Immigrants' entrepreneurial motivation in Europe: liabilities and assets

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1707-1737
Author(s):  
Antonia Mercedes García-Cabrera ◽  
Ana Maria Lucía-Casademunt ◽  
Laura Padilla-Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Macro Level ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Entrepreneurial Motivation ◽  
European Working ◽  
European Working Conditions Survey ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Using Data

PurposeThis paper examines how the institutional distance between immigrants' country of residence and country of origin, as well as the regulative and normative aspects of institutions in immigrants' country of residence, social context variables and individual psycho-behavioural factors, condition immigrants' entrepreneurial motivation (i.e. mainly by necessity, by a combination of necessity and opportunity, or mainly by opportunity), which is in contrast to the previous literature on immigrant entrepreneurship that mainly focuses on micro-level factors.Design/methodology/approachBy using hierarchical linear regression models to test our hypotheses, the authors analyse 468 first-generation immigrant entrepreneurs settled in 31 European countries using data from the European Working Conditions Survey (6th EWCS; Eurofound, 2015 database) combined with other datasets to derive the macro-level variables (i.e. the Doing Business Project; Hofstede et al., 2010).FindingsThe authors find that distance in the normative aspects of institutions harms entrepreneurial opportunity motivation. At the same time, however, opportunity motivation is likely to benefit from both the normative aspects of institutions that reduce locals' opportunity motivation and the distance in the regulative aspects of institutions.Originality/valueThis article analyses immigrant entrepreneurship in Europe, which has been under-examined in the extant literature, and takes into account the micro-, meso- and macro-level factors affecting the entrepreneurial motivation of immigrants in Europe. This analysis responds to the need already highlighted by previous research to include not only micro-level factors but also meso- and macro-level factors in the analysis of immigrant entrepreneurship (Aliaga-Isla and Rialp, 2013).

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