Poverty Reduction, Wealth Creation, and Tourism in Ethnic Minority Communities in Mainland Southeast Asia

2019 ◽  
pp. 904-920
Author(s):  
Scott A. Hipsher

This article describes how there is a debate over the benefits and costs of international tourism and engagement with international trading networks for people living in areas where poverty continues to affect a large percentage of the population. An examination of the perspectives of ethnic minority micro-entrepreneurs on the impact of tourism on their lives and communities is presented. It was found most individuals from these communities find tourism increases livelihood opportunities and neither want to be isolated from the global economy nor want to abandon their traditional cultural values; instead it is preferred to have additional the additional livelihood options which tourism creates.

Author(s):  
Scott Hipsher

This article describes how there is a debate over the benefits and costs of international tourism and engagement with international trading networks for people living in areas where poverty continues to affect a large percentage of the population. An examination of the perspectives of ethnic minority micro-entrepreneurs on the impact of tourism on their lives and communities is presented. It was found most individuals from these communities find tourism increases livelihood opportunities and neither want to be isolated from the global economy nor want to abandon their traditional cultural values; instead it is preferred to have additional the additional livelihood options which tourism creates.


10.26458/1415 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Raluca Ionela CREŢOIU

Globalization represents a controversial phenomenon both because of its complexity and because of the various implications it has on the global economy. Globalization will act simultaneously on many levels, its effects being correlated with the diversity of the angles from which this phenomenon can be approached from – economic, social, politic, cultural, philosophic etc.The article represents an incursion into the issue regarding the implications and effects of globalization grouped in several areas of analysis such as the disappearance of borders, the effects on culture, the effects on the education, the impact on labour market impact and the phenomenon of immigration, the effects of globalization in the context of the food crisis underdevelopment and poverty.To complete the analysis that points out enough elements considered to be negative, at the end of the article, there are also approached the development opportunities that globalization can offer in terms of boosting the economic exchanges, the exchange of genuine cultural values and ensuring a transfer of information at a global scale, so necessary for the scientific and technological progress.  The conclusions of the article weighs the many aspects highlighted, both negative and positive, and suggests a series of useful research directions in order to fathom the complex features of this concept so controversial – globalization.   


2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois Hecht Oppenheim

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of the twin forces of neoliberalism and globalization on culture in Latin America. It argues that the application of a neo-liberal economic strategy over the past 25 years and the increased integration of the region's economy into the global economy have led to changes in cultural values and lifestyles. There is much evidence to support the idea that the changes denote the diffusion of a US-style market culture, which values individualism, competition, and consumerism. Chile was taken as a case study, as it has the longest and most successful experience with the neo-liberal model and globalization in the region. In Chile, and elsewhere, there are notable changes in political culture, including a less partisan and ideological electorate, increased political apathy, especially among the youth, and campaign formats that emphasize style over substance. At the same time, more complex cultural mixtures are also emerging, in which, for example, new campaign techniques are used to reinforce traditional values. There is also increasing resistance to the application of neo-liberal economic policies and to globalization in the region, although it is unclear to what extent this opposition can stem the international tide.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tunrayo R. Alabi ◽  
Patrick Olusanmi Adebola ◽  
Asrat Asfaw ◽  
David De Koeyer ◽  
Antonio Lopez-Montes ◽  
...  

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a major staple crop with high agricultural and cultural significance for over 300 million people in West Africa. Despite its importance, productivity is miserably low. A better understanding of the environmental context in the region is essential to unlock the crop's potential for food security and wealth creation. The article aims to characterize the production environments into homologous mega-environments, having operational significance for breeding research. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed separately on environmental data related to climate, soil, topography, and vegetation. Significant PCA layers were used in spatial multivariate cluster analysis. Seven clusters were identified for West Africa; four were country-specific; the rest were region-wide in extent. Clustering results are valuable inputs to optimize yam varietal selection and testing within and across the countries in West Africa. The impact of breeding research on poverty reduction and problems of market accessibility in yam production zones were highlighted.


2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
D. V. Chernikova ◽  
I. V. Chernikova

Education and research are the main vectors that determine the development path of the university, while the transformations of the nature of science are so significant that in the field of education they find expression not only in the emergence of new disciplines and specialties, but also in the revision of the educational paradigm of a modern university. The paper analyzes the impact of transformations of modern science and methods of scientific knowledge production on the university and its research and educational strategies. In technoscience as a modern form of the post-non-classical paradigm of scientific rationality, science and technology form a hybrid of theoretical activity and social practice. Knowledge is produced not only in the context of discovery and underpinning, but also in the context of the estimated consequences of its application. It is shown that the challenges of technoscience, together with the dynamically developing global economy of knowledge, influence the development strategies of the university, which today performs not only research and educational functions, but also implements the mission of social responsibility, contributing to sustainable development, the introduction of responsible technologies and innovations, defending the status of knowledge as public good as opposed to the status of knowledge as social capital. The specificity of the technoscience ethos in the educational landscape of the university is updated, due to the transdisciplinary organization of scientific knowledge. Transdisciplinary research is characterized by a new vertical dimension that goes beyond the plane of object connections not only into the sphere of human as an agent, but also into the sphere of his life, practice, socio-cultural values, combining the complexity of the world with the complexity of human knowledge. The introduction of converging technologies is characterized by the unpredictability of undesirable side effects arising during their creation and operation. In a practical aspect, the ethics of technoscience is designed to contribute to the creation of mechanisms of self-restraint and self-control in conditions of uncertainty; it requires the researcher to be able to self-reflect on the methods, goals and consequences of the technologies usage. The task of a modern university in the context of the technoscience challenges is to cultivate a responsible professional, a person who is aware not only of the epistemic responsibility of a professional, but also of the internal, existential responsibility of a person as a global citizen.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
Jeevan J. Arakal ◽  
Rajeev Roy

Dr Vanita Viswanath, the chief executive officer (CEO) of Udyogini, and her team have been working with lac producers in the Indian state of Jharkhand. The protagonists in the case have been helping the lac producers overcome the productivity and transactional constraints in their value chain. This case captures the key facets of the intervention, the outcomes and the various perspectives the team had taken in evaluating its intervention in the lac value chain. The process of measuring the impact at the base of the pyramid and the impact for the small producers on parameters of institution building, wealth creation and poverty reduction are the focal points of this case. Vital decisions have to be taken by Dr Viswanath and team based on this evaluation from the point of view of the lac producers.


2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (37) ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Martin Hudec

Abstract The increasing pace of achieving socio-economic growth and convergence into developed structures represents the main desire of most countries. Moreover, membership in monetary unions has quite a significant impact on the economies of participating countries, since integration processes have become undoubtedly the undisputed accelerator of convergence and integration catalyst, reflecting on the development of the world economy. The growing intensity of world trade, the ever-deepening division of labor and specialization, international movement of capital and labor mobility as wells as investments into education, research and development, innovations are among the factors that lead to the creation of increasingly closer ties between economies, deepening their mutual dependence, further reflected in knowledge-based societies. Thus, the close ties between national economies themselves represent a further incentive for more intensive cooperation through the different stages of economic integration. International economic integration is an objective to promote a gradual process of linking and connecting existing economic units, i.e. national economies to the greater interconnected units in the global economy. The aim of our research paper, by using the methods of analysis and comparison, is to closely present the issue of monetary integration, focusing on the impact of monetary integration on countries’ economy, resulting in the issue of benefits and costs of the countries’ entry into the monetary union, associated with initial economic shocks.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8016
Author(s):  
Marta Valverde-Moreno ◽  
Mercedes Torres-Jiménez ◽  
Ana M. Lucia-Casademunt ◽  
Ana María Pacheco-Martínez

The dynamic development of the global economy has led to the creation of agile and innovative organizations that need to adapt rapidly to new challenges. For that reason, organizations need to make decisions that help them face uncertain situations and be successful. Research has demonstrated that employee participative decision making (PDM) promotes more innovative, flexible, and sustainable organizations. The present paper examines organizational, cultural, and sustainable factors to discover how these variables affect PDM in the European context. For this purpose, this study focuses on two main objectives: (1) analyzing the impact of a country’s cultural and institutional values (macro level), beyond individual and organizational characteristics (micro and meso levels), on the adoption of PDM in the European context and (2) differentiating among the types of decisions for which employee participation is considered (operational or organizational). To attain these goals, three hierarchical fitted regression models were fitted using data based on the Sixth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and complemented with information from Hofstede’s dimensions, whose scores are obtained from 2010 Hofstede database, and institutional values from the 2015 World Competitive Yearbook (WCY). Results demonstrate that some cultural values are significant for PDM and that sustainability is related to employee participation at the general and operational levels. This allows the conclusion that organizations located in countries with greater sustainability awareness are also those that promote employee participation the most.


2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hansen ◽  
Tom Postmes ◽  
Nikita van der Vinne ◽  
Wendy van Thiel

This paper studies whether and how information and communication technology (ICT) changes self-construal and cultural values in a developing country. Ethiopian children were given laptops in the context of an ICT for development scheme. We compared children who used laptops (n = 69) with a control group without laptops (n = 76) and a second control group of children whose laptop had broken down (n = 24). Results confirmed that after 1 year of laptop usage, the children’s self-concept had become more independent and children endorsed individualist values more strongly. Interestingly, the impact of laptop usage on cultural values was mediated by self-construal (moderated mediation). Importantly, modernization did not “crowd out” traditional culture: ICT usage was not associated with a reduction in traditional expressions (interdependent self-construal, collectivist values). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


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