scholarly journals The Urban Water Cycle as a Planning Tool to Monitor SARS-CoV-2: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9010
Author(s):  
Carlos Peña-Guzmán ◽  
María Andrea Domínguez-Sánchez ◽  
Manuel Rodríguez ◽  
Rama Pulicharla ◽  
Karen Mora-Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Control ◽  
Urban Water Cycle

COVID-19 is a terrible virus that has impacted human health and the economy on a global scale. The detection and control of the pandemic have become necessities that require appropriate monitoring strategies. One of these strategies involves measuring and quantifying the virus in water at different stages of the Urban Water Cycle (UWC). This article presents a comprehensive literature review of the analyses and quantifications of SARS-CoV-2 in multiple UWC components from 2020 to June 2021. More than 140 studies worldwide with a focus on industrialized nations were identified, mainly in the USA, Australia, and Asia and the European Union. Wastewater treatment plants were the focus of most of these studies, followed by city sewerage systems and hospital effluents. The fewest studies examined the presence of this virus in bodies of water. Most of the studies were conducted for epidemiological purposes. However, a few focused on viral load and its removal using various treatment strategies or modelling and developing strategies to control the disease. Others compared methodologies for determining if SARS-CoV-2 was present or included risk assessments. This is the first study to emphasize the importance of the various individual components of the UWC and their potential impacts on viral transmission from the source to the public.

scholarly journals Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urban Water Cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Hadi Heidari ◽  
◽  
Neil S Grigg ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
First Order ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
And Control ◽  
Urban Water Cycle

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global crisis spreading to all countries. This study explains and documents the first-order effects of the new coronavirus on the urban water cycle. Urban water systems play an important role in public health because people rely so heavily on water services. Findings address short- and long-term changes in climate variables; availability and accessibility of clean water to prevent and control the spread of coronavirus in water-scarce cities; shifts in habits, behavior, and lifestyles of people and effects on water demand during lockdowns; and role of wastewater treatment in preventing the spread of coronavirus.

scholarly journals Role of different wastewater treatment plants in antibiotic resistance spreading

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bonetta ◽  
C Pignata ◽  
S a Bonetta ◽  
E Gasparro ◽  
E Lorenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
One Health ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Cycle

Abstract The global action plan on antimicrobial resistance reports the necessity to develop standards and guidance for the presence of antimicrobial agents in the environment, especially in wastewater, highlighting its possible role in the antibiotic resistance spreading. In addition, the New European One Health Action Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance underlines the need to support research into knowledge gaps on the release of resistant microorganisms into the environment and their dissemination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria (ARB) and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARG) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). At this scope, untreated sewage and treated effluents of three different WWTPs (A, B and C) were sampled for one year. Sample dilutions were plated on R2Agar added/not-added with 4 different antibiotics (ampicillin 32mg/L; tetracycline 16 mg/L; chloramphenicol 32 mg/L; sulfamethoxazole 50,4 mg/L) to evaluate the percentage of antibiotic resistant bacteria and their WWTPs removal rate (%). DNA extraction on the filter used to concentrate the wastewater samples was performed to reveal the ARG presence; subsequently specific PCRs for ARG (blaTEM, tetA, sul II, sul III) were carried out. ARB were detected in all samples analysed. The highest antibiotic resistance percentage was revealed in the sewage (mean 21,7%±4,8) and effluent (mean 21,1%±3,0) of the three wastewater treatment plants for sulfamethoxazole. Moreover, sul II was the most present gene in the samples (81% of all samples, 89 % of sewages and 72% of effluents). The lower WWTPs removal was recovered in the plant B for the tetracycline (95, 7%). The results obtained underlines the need to monitor WWTP as critical hot spot for the antibiotic resistance spreading also considering the One Health approach. Furthermore, the results obtained could suggest interventions to reduce the spread of the antibiotic resistance in the integrated urban water cycle. Key messages The information obtained could provide usefulness information about the role of wastewater treatment plant in the antibiotic resistance spreading. The results could contribute to suggest the interventions targeted to reduce the antibiotic resistance phenomenon in the integrated urban water cycle.

Water footprint calculation: application to urban water cycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-216
Author(s):  
Y. Penru ◽  
D. Antoniucci ◽  
M. J. Amores Barrero ◽  
C. Chevauché
Keyword(s):  
Water Footprint ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Cycle

scholarly journals Anthropogenic organic micro-pollutants and pathogens in the urban water cycle: assessment, barriers and risk communication (ASKURIS)

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Jekel ◽  
Aki Ruhl ◽  
Felix Meinel ◽  
Frederik Zietzschmann ◽  
Stephan Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Micro Pollutants ◽  
Urban Water Cycle

Ability of plant-based surface technology to improve urban water cycle and mesoclimate

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Omar Tapia Silva ◽  
Anne Wehrmann ◽  
Hans-Joachim Henze ◽  
Nikolaus Model
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Cycle

Urban water management strategies based on a total urban water cycle model and energy aspects – Case study for Tel Aviv

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Thi Hoang Duong ◽  
Avner Adin ◽  
David Jackman ◽  
Peter van der Steen ◽  
Kala Vairavamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Energy Aspects ◽  
Urban Water Cycle

Assessing performance in the management of the urban water cycle

Water Policy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés J. Picazo-Tadeo ◽  
Francisco J. Sáez-Fernández ◽  
Francisco González-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Distance Functions ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Utility Level ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Utility Managers ◽  
Urban Water Cycle

This paper proposes the use of directional distance functions and Data Envelopment Analysis techniques to assess technical efficiency in the provision of the different stages of the urban water cycle in Andalusia, a Southern European region. Evaluating performance in the management of specific stages of the urban water cycle provides utility managers and regulating authorities with relevant information that may not be detected by more conventional approaches based on assessing performance at utility level. We find that Andalusian water and sewage utilities could achieve significant increases in the volume of water delivered without diminishing the output of their other services and using the same quantities of inputs. Potential increases are also important for the volume of sewage collected, thus entailing significant environmental benefits in a territory where water scarcity has seen the efficient management of this natural resource become a pressing obligation.

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