The Impact of Business Obstacles on Firm Growth and Job Stability in East Asia and Pacific Nations

Economic sustainability is closely linked to firm growth and employment stability, making them of great interest to policymakers and business leaders. Insights into the factors that impact employment growth and employment stability aid decision makers to develop policies that encourage economic growth and economic sustainability. This study used World Bank Enterprise Survey data to examine the effect of the business obstacles of financing, labour regulation, and under-skilled workforce on firm growth and on employment stability, estimated by the proportion of permanent to non-permanent workforce in East Asia and Pacific nations. The instrumental variables (IV) method was used with two-stage least squares (2SLS) to account for potential endogeneity between the business obstacles and employment growth and the proportion of permanent to non-permanent workers employed by firms. In addition, the quantile method was applied to capture the partial effect of the reported obstacles across different segments of firm growth. Findings included a significant negative effect of the financing obstacle on employment growth and therefore firm growth, particularly at the lowest levels thereof. In addition, financing and labour regulations obstacles have a significant, negative effect on the proportion of permanent employees in a firm’s workforce.

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The Impact Of Dividend Policy, Managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership To Capital Structure On Manufacturing Company In Indonesia Stock Exchange (Idx) Period 2012-2016

Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship ◽

10.21009/jobbe.002.1.04 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 28-39

Author(s):

Ratna Putri Indah Puspita ◽

Suherman Suherman

Keyword(s):

Capital Structure ◽

Dividend Policy ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Institutional Ownership ◽

Managerial Ownership ◽

Manufacturing Companies ◽

Significant Negative Effect ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Impact ◽

The Capital Structure

This study aims to determine the effect of dividend policy, managerial ownership and institutional ownership on the capital structure of manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the 2012-2016 period. The data used in this study is an annual report of the Manufacturing Sector listed on the IDX for the period 2012-2016. By using purposive sampling method, 56 companies were obtained and consisted of 280 observations. The model used in this research is panel data analysis using the Random Effect Model approach. The results of this study indicate that the dividend policy has a positive but not significant effect on DER, but has a significant positive effect on DAR. While managerial ownership is influential but not significantly negative on the capital structure (DER and DAR). Institutional ownership has a significant negative effect on DER, but has a negative but not significant effect on DAR. Profitability has a significant negative effect on the capital structure (DER and DAR), while the structure of assets and company size does not have a significant effect on the capital structure. (DER and DAR).

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The Effect of Health Expenditure and Immunisation on Under-Five Mortality Rate in Selected African Countries.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-540865/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alfred EBOH ◽

Steve METIBOBA

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Health Expenditure ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Health Care Expenditure ◽

African Countries ◽

Under Five ◽

Significant Negative Effect ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: As a way of tackling child mortality, many countries in the world depend on their respective health-care system. But governments of most countries in Africa are yet to provide robust funding of their health-care systems as many people still depend on the out-of-pocket payment to receive health services. Against this backdrop, this study used annual panel data to assess the effect of health-care expenditure and immunisation on the under-five mortality rate in 30 selected African countries for the period 2000-2017. Methods: Multiple regression technique was adopted for the data analysis and the robust fixed regression estimator was preferred to the random effects as determined by Hausman test.Results: The findings indicated that domestic government general health expenditure had a significant negative effect on the under-five mortality rate. However, the effect of domestic private health expenditure on under-five mortality was not significant while external health expenditure had a significant negative effect on under-five mortality rate. The impact of diphtheria immunisation on under-five mortality was significant. Conclusions: Except domestic private health expenditure, government and external forms of health expenditure coupled with diphtheria immunisation were significant factors for the reduction of the under-five mortality in the selected countries.

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Examining the Impact of Innovation Forms on Sustainable Economic Performance: The Influence of Family Management

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11216132 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 6132 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rubén Martínez-Alonso ◽

María J. Martínez-Romero ◽

Alfonso A. Rojo-Ramírez

Keyword(s):

Family Involvement ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Firm Growth ◽

Process Innovation ◽

Family Management ◽

Sustained Competitive Advantage ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Family Involvement In Management ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect

The aim of this research is to explore the effect that innovation, as a potential source of sustained competitive advantage and firm growth, has on the achievement of sustainable economic performance. In particular, this paper empirically examines the influence of four innovation forms (intramural R&D, extramural R&D, product innovation, and process innovation) on firms’ sustainable economic performance, considering the moderating effect of family involvement in management. To test the hypotheses, random-effects regression analyses are applied to a longitudinal sample of 598 Spanish private manufacturing firms throughout the 2006–2015 period. The results show a negative effect of intramural and extramural R&D on sustainable economic performance and a positive effect of process innovation on sustainable economic performance. Moreover, a reinforced relationship between process innovation and sustainable economic performance is also revealed when family involvement in management acts as a moderator. The findings make several contributions to research and practice.

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Debt Overhang, Gazelles’ Growth, and Fiscal Policy: A Note from the Quantile Regression Approach

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su131810457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 10457

Author(s):

Sorin Gabriel Anton ◽

Mihaela Onofrei ◽

Emilia Gogu ◽

Bogdan Constantin Neculau ◽

Florin Mihai

Keyword(s):

Fiscal Policy ◽

Quantile Regression ◽

Firm Growth ◽

Tax Rates ◽

Lower Growth ◽

Effective Tax Rates ◽

Debt Overhang ◽

Regression Approach ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Impact

The paper aims to examine the relationship between leverage and firm growth and the impact of fiscal policy on this relationship using a panel data quantile regression approach. Employing a sample of gazelles from emerging Europe for the 2006–2014 period, we find that debt overhang negatively affects firm growth only for the lower growth quantiles. In addition, we found that the negative effect is higher for the gazelles located in countries with lower corporate income effective tax rates. However, for the higher growth quantiles, the impact of debt on firm growth is positive and statistically significant. Our results reconcile the mixed results of the previous studies and have practical implications for financing strategies in emerging markets.

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The Impact of Leverage on Firm Growth. Empirical Evidence from Romanian Listed Firms

Review of Economic and Business Studies ◽

10.1515/rebs-2016-0039 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 147-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sorin Gabriel Anton

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Firm Growth ◽

Employment Growth ◽

Sales Growth ◽

Economic Uncertainty ◽

Listed Firms ◽

Alternative Measures ◽

Fixed Effects Regression ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to assess the impact of leverage on firm growth in periods of economic growth and economic uncertainty. We employ a sample of Romanian listed firms over the period 2001-2011 and several alternative measures for firm growth (i.e. sales growth, assets growth, and employment growth). The results of fixed effects regression model show that the leverage has a positive effect on firm growth. Furthermore, profitability was found to positively influence the firm growth, while older firms saw a faster increase in assets and sales. Within this particular sample, firm size appears to constrain growth.

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The impact of macroeconomic variables on credit risk: Evidence from Indonesian business sector level data

International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) ◽

10.20525/ijrbs.v9i5.804 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 235-244

Author(s):

M Khoerul Mubin ◽

Arif Sugara

Keyword(s):

Credit Risk ◽

Business Sector ◽

Significant Positive Effect ◽

Short Term ◽

Macroeconomic Variables ◽

Significant Negative Effect ◽

Long Run ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect

This study aims to empirically examine the effect of macroeconomic variables on credit risk in each business sector in Indonesia. Using time-series quarterly data during the period 2011q1-2019q2, this study utilized the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The results of this study explain that macroeconomic variables namely GDP growth in the long run have a significant negative effect on credit risk in 6 sectors and in the short term have a significant negative effect on 6 sectors. Inflation has a significant positive effect in the long run on one sector, namely the provision of accommodation and provision of food and drink, and a significant negative effect on 6 sectors, in the short term inflation has a significant positive effect on 7 sectors and a significant negative effect on one sector, namely education services. The last variable is the long-term loan interest rate which has a positive effect on 7 sectors and in the short term has a significant positive effect on 6 sectors on the high value of credit risk in each business sector in Indonesia. The result indicating that macroeconomic variables have a real impact on credit risk.

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The Impact Of Psak 72 Implementation On Financial Performance In The Pandemic Time Covid-19 (Empirical Study On Real Estate Companies Registered In Indonesia Stock Exchange)

SENTRALISASI ◽

10.33506/sl.v10i1.1157 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Duwi Rahayu Rahayu ◽

Imelda Dian Rahmawati ◽

Dina Dwi Oktavia Rini

Keyword(s):

Real Estate ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Financial Performance ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Significant Negative Effect ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Real Estate Company ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the implementation of PSAK 72 on financial performance during the Covid-19 pandemic (empirical study of real estate companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange). This research is a quantitative research, where the data used are secondary data in the form of financial statements of real estate companies. The sample of this study is a real estate company that provides periodic financial reports on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019 and the second quarter of 2020 with a total of 46 sample companies. The results of the study indicate that PSAK 72 has a significant negative effect on the liquidity ratio, profitability ratio, activity ratio, and market ratio, while the implementation of PSAK 72 has no significant effect on the solvency ratio. This show, although the implementation of PSAK 72 has had a significant negative effect, companies have started to prepare for the implementation of PSAK 72 by conducting evaluations, adaptations and training for employees before actually implementing PSAK 72. The meaning of not fully implementing PSAK 72 has a negative impact on real estate company earnings, because the implementation of these standards was also followed by the Covid-19 pandemic which also resulted in a decrease in income for companies.

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Diversity of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) and the impact of pruning in Indian sandalwood plantations from Karnataka, India

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.7514.13.12.19762-19772 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 19762-19772

Author(s):

S. Padma ◽

R. Sundararaj

Keyword(s):

Santalum Album ◽

Spider Species ◽

Significant Negative Effect ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Santalum Album L ◽

The Impact

Indian sandalwood Santalum album L. plantations in Karnataka were surveyed to study the diversity and abundance of spider fauna. A total of 1,244 individuals belonging to 56 spider species in 40 genera under 14 families were recorded in the sandalwood plantations. Among the spider families recorded, Araneidae was the most dominant with 15 species in nine genera followed by Salticidae with 13 species in 10 genera, Thomisidae with seven species in four genera, Oxyopidae with four species in three genera, Uloboridae with four species in a genus, and Theridiidae by three species each under three genera. Lycosidae and Sparassidae are represented by two species under two genera each. The families Cheiracanthiidae, Clubionidae, Hersiliidae, Philodromidae, and Pholcidae are represented by a species each. The pruning of sandalwood revealed a significant negative effect on the occurrence and distribution of spiders.

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Commentary on Kopiez, Wolf, and Platz: The impact of playing from memory on performance evaluation

Empirical Musicology Review ◽

10.18061/emr.v12i1-2.5857 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1-2) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Bruno Gingras

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Performance Evaluations ◽

Future Research ◽

Distractor Effect ◽

Visual Distractor ◽

Significant Negative Effect ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Impact

Kopiez et al. (this volume) empirically investigated the effect of playing from memory (more specifically, playing with a conspicuously visible music stand) on the evaluation of audiovisual recordings of solo instrumental performances. Their study, a replication of Williamon (1999), corroborates the finding that the presence of a music stand has a small but significant negative effect on performance evaluations. In this commentary, I present some possible explanations for this effect and discuss relevant implications for future research and for professional performers. I also provide some suggestions for improving the experimental design, such as using a better measure of musical sophistication, controlling for the potential visual distractor effect of the music stand, and developing a more comprehensive and statistically robust scale for evaluating performances.

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Determinants of Firm Growth: Evidence from Vietnamese Small and Medium Sized Manufacturing Enterprises

Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.33301/jed-p-2018-20-03-05 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 71-87

Author(s):

Hang Thu Nguyen ◽

Quy Thanh Khuu

Keyword(s):

Firm Growth ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Firm Characteristics ◽

Highly Educated ◽

Manufacturing Enterprises ◽

Labor Quality ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Owner Characteristics

Using data from a survey of small and medium scale manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam, this study investigates the impact of firm and owner characteristics on firm growth. The results reveal that firm size has a negative effect on firm growth, suggesting the invalidity of Gibrat’s Law. Moreover, the results indicate the dependence of firm growth on firm and owner attributes. Regarding firm characteristics, leverage, labor quality, training and export activities all enhance growth, while firm age is negatively associated with the growth of SMEs. As for owner characteristics, the results indicate a negative relationship between owner age and firm growth. Furthermore, female-headed firms have higher growth than male-headed firms; and highly educated owners create higher growth than those with lower levels of education.

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