scholarly journals Renewable Minigrid Electrification in Off-Grid Rural Ghana: Exploring Households Willingness to Pay

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11711
Author(s):  
Artem Korzhenevych ◽  
Charles Kofi Owusu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Rural Electrification ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Contingent Valuation Survey ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Starting Point Bias

Renewable energy minigrids hold significant prospects for Africa’s energy sector and its economic development in general. The government of Ghana has established pilot renewable minigrids in five off-grid communities as a testing ground for the electrification of over 600 existing rural communities that cannot be electrified via the national grid. Although there is evidence on willingness to pay (WTP) values for renewable-generated electricity in some developing countries, little is known about households’ WTP for renewable-based electricity in Ghana and, in particular, about renewable minigrids for rural electrification. This paper provides one of the first WTP estimates for renewable-based electricity for rural electrification in a developing economy context such as Ghana. Using data from a contingent valuation survey undertaken in all five pilot renewable minigrid project communities, we found that rural households are willing to pay an average of 30 GHC/month (≈5 USD/month) for high-quality renewable-powered electricity services, which is twice the amount they are currently paying based on the Uniform National Tariffs. The hypothetical bias is addressed by conducting a survey among active users of the minigrids. The starting point bias is reduced by employing random starting bids. The respondents are willing to pay between 9 and 11% of their discretionary incomes to cover the cost of accessing reliable renewable-powered electricity in the rural, off-grid communities in Ghana. The paper concludes by discussing the policy implications of these findings regarding the development of tariff regulations and business models for renewable minigrids in the rural, off-grid sector.

scholarly journals Influence of Socio-Psychological Factors on Consumer Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Organic Food Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5(J)) ◽  
pp. 208-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd J.S. Baiyegunhi ◽  
Sikhumbuzo E. Mashabane ◽  
Nonjabulo C Sambo
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

This study evaluates consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) a premium for organic vegetables and fruits in Pietermaritzburg metropolis, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa, using data collected from 210 consumers approached during their food shopping. The standard economic approach to valuation was extended by including psychological factors. The results from the empirical model show that psychological factors (behavioural control, attitude and subjective norms) exerted more influence on consumers’ WTP for organic products. In addition, socio-demographic factors such as gender, education, number of children in a household, high income and race, are statistically significant in explaining consumers’ WTP for organic food. Policy implications for advancement and improved promotion, sales and consumption of organic food products were discussed.  

scholarly journals ANALISIS KESEDIAAN MEMBAYAR JASA LINGKUNGAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA AIR MINUM TERPADU DI INDONESIA (STUDI KASUS DAS CISADANE HULU)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fauzi Sutopo ◽  
Bunasor Sanim ◽  
Yusman Saukat ◽  
Muhammad Ikhwanuddin Mawardi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Water Users ◽  
The Government ◽  
Model Approach

Ecocentrism paradigm in development are intended to ensure the sustainability of water resources in the future for future generations. The research methodology was conducted with the model approach to drinking water users willingness to pay for environmental services (YWTP). The results in Analysis Willingness to Pay in Drinking Water Management in the Upstream Watershed Cisadane illustrates that the existence of a positive response from drinking water users (entrepreneurs) to be willingness to pay for environmental services (YWTP) as payment and reward for environmental services to the public because it is influenced by the presence and the beneficiaries are significantly linearly with level of education (sig. 0.041) and Variable in YWTP education significant at 95% confidence level. Policy implications of this research that the user (downstream) is willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental services with averaging Rp1 538.65 per m3 as payment or reward for environmental services to society (upstream), so the Government (Local) PES has a potential revenue to fund conservation of Rp106.94 billion per years, but in current conditions the government only earns Rp20.57 billionper year, so that only reached 19.24%.

scholarly journals ​Farmer’s Willingness-to-Pay for Animal Health and Livestock Insurance Services in Milking State of India: Empirical Findings from Rural Areas of Gujarat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpa Yadav ◽  
B.S. Chandel ◽  
Punit Agarwal ◽  
Smita Sirohi ◽  
Prem Chand
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Contingent Valuation Survey ◽  
Paper Work ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government

This paper presents the results of a referendum-style contingent valuation survey conducted in one of the richest milking states of India. 200 households were surveyed to study the farmer’s preferences and choices for the health, breeding and insurance services. The objective of the survey was to assess the preference structure and the willingness of poor farmers to pay for veterinary health and insurance services. It is a comparative study between the existing situation and improved situation, that how the willingness to pay (WTP) will change if the quality of the health, breeding and insurance services will improve. The results show that farmers are willing to pay for assured access to veterinary services. Majority of the households value these services tremendously and are not looking for subsidies provided by the government institutions. It was noticed that farmer’s willingness to pay was much higher than the amount government institutions were presently charging for improved livestock support services, e.g. health and AI services. Though the coverage of Livestock insurance was low but it was found that farmers were ready to pay high amount of premium charges if the insurance services are easily available to the farmer’s door step with very less paper work and other formalities. Combining the findings of this survey with other closely related studies and the changing structure the input and output markets for livestock sector, the paper suggests specific policy measures to more effectively meet the expanding livestock services needs of poor livestock farmers.

scholarly journals Rural Electrification and Profitability among Rural Women - Owned Microenterprises in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Emilia Olanrewaju ◽  
Olumuyiwa Olanrewaju
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Rural Electrification ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance

In most developing countries, higher numbers of women depend on microenterprise for survival, and access to electricity supply is considered to be vital to the operations of microenterprise businesses. Despite the significance of rural electrification, microenterprises are still battling with a lack of quality and stable electricity supply. To this end, this study analyzed the effect of grid electricity supply on the profitability of microenterprise among rural women. Primary data were used for this study. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Probit model, and the ordinary least square (OLS) method. The result shows that hairdressing (16.8%) is the most common form of businesses followed by tailoring (14.1%), oil palm processing (12.4%), grain milling (7.9%), traditional birth attendants and retail shop (7.1%). Also, the result reveals that age, years of schooling, connection charge, enterprise share of electricity bill with household, and duration of power outage supported the adoption of electricity service among microenterprise owners. The study further shows that the billing method of electricity supply negatively affects the profitability of microenterprise. On the other hand, grid electricity adoption, years spent in business, duration of power supply, and expenditure on alternative sources of energy significantly have a positive impact on the profitability of microenterprise. The study, therefore, recommends that the Government should intensify action in providing rural communities with reliable and affordable electricity services, which is one of the indispensable tools in microenterprises establishment, expansion, and performance.

scholarly journals Tolak Ukur Pembebasan Pajak Bagi Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) Di Wilayah Provinsi Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-72
Author(s):  
I Wayan Bandem ◽  
I Nyoman Suandika
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
National Development ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Unitary State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

As Article 1 paragraph (3) of the State Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia is the stateof Indonesia is a state of law. Understanding the rule of law is simply a country whose administrationof power is based on law. and Article 1 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution that the Indonesian stateis a Republican unitary state with a government structure that is the Government, Provincial RegionalGovernment, Regency / City Regional Government and the lowest government is the VillageGovernment which has their respective leaders based on legislation applicable legislation. Inconnection with the establishment of the LPD in article 33 of the 1945 Constitution and in Article 18Bparagraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which reads "that the staterecognizes and respects customary law units and their traditional rights insofar as it is still alive andin accordance with the development of society and the principle of the unitary State of the Republic ofIndonesia, which is regulated in law. So the provincial government of Bali based on the Rural CreditSeminar dated February 21, 1984 in Semarang The Governor of Bali initiated the establishment ofVillage Heritage Institutions (LPD) in the province of Bali in the role of national development with theaim of: 1) Encouraging economic development in rural communities through targeted savings andeffective capital distribution; 2) Eradicating the practice of bondage, illegal pawns, and others in thecountryside; 3) Creating business opportunities for villagers and rural workers, and; 4) Increasingpurchasing power and facilitating traffic payments and circulation So that the authors are interested inexamining the Tax Exemption Benchmark for LPDs in Bali Province with the research method used isjuridical-normative research. Taking into account that the starting point of research on legislation andthe fact that it began from the founding of the LPD in 1984 until now has not been taxed. In the courseof its operation the LPD in Bali by the three Ministers in 2009 issued a Joint Decree of the Minister ofFinance, Minister of Home Affairs, Minister of State for Koprasi and Small and Medium Enterprisesand Governor of Bank Indonesia Number.351.1 / KMK.010 / 2009, Number 900-639A in 2009, Number01 / SKB / M.KUKM / IX / 2009, Number 11 / 43A / KRP.GBI / 2009 concerning the DevelopmentStrategy of Microfinance Institutions. Affirmed through a letter from the Minister of Home AffairsNumber 412.2 / 3883 / SJ dated November 4, 2009 to the managers of institutions microfinance thatdoes not yet have a clear institutional status based on the prevailing laws and regulations. So that theGovernor of Bali Made Mangku Pastika on behalf of the provincial government of Bali submits a Letterof Governor of Bali Number 900/8999 / PLP. Ekbang dated 15 December 2009 to Minister of InternalAffairs The Republic of Indonesia prihal; The Strategy for the Development of MicrofinanceInstitutions. Thus, with the issuance of Law Number 1 of 2013 concerning Microfinance Institutions(MFIs), it was stated that the Village Credit Institutions and Pitih Negari Granaries and institutionsthat existed before the Laws were in effect were declared to be based on adat and not subject to thisLaw. The real benefits of the existence of LPD can be proven by the distribution of net profits each yearas profit retribution by dividing the following: 60% for fertilizing LPD business capital, 10%production services for labor, contributions to Indigenous Villages 20% for development funds inPakraman Village, as well as 5% for social funds, and 5% for empowerment funds deposited by theLPD at the agency / agency that is given the authority to regulate and manage them based on the Perdaand Decree of the Governor of Bali.

scholarly journals PRM35 Empirical Examination of Starting Point Bias with the Bidding Game in a Willingness-to-Pay Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. A165
Author(s):  
M. Iskedjian ◽  
A. Mclean ◽  
J. Berbari ◽  
B. Farah ◽  
J.A. Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Bidding Game ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Starting Point Bias

scholarly journals Inequality in policy implementation: caste and electrification in rural India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaël Aklin ◽  
Chao-Yo Cheng ◽  
Johannes Urpelainen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Rural Electrification ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Robust Evidence

Abstract We examine unequal outcomes in the implementation of India’s national rural electrification program in Uttar Pradesh. We ask two questions: (1) to what extent did Dalits, the lowest group in India’s caste hierarchy, receive less attention when the state electrified rural communities? (2) Was BSP, the state’s Dalit party, able to reduce this inequality? Using data from a hundred thousand villages, we provide robust evidence for unequal outcomes. Villages inhabited solely by Dalits were 20 percentage points less likely to be covered by the program than villages without any Dalits. Moreover, a regression discontinuity analysis shows that the electoral success of BSP failed to reduce such differences. These results highlight the magnitude and persistence of caste inequality in the implementation of democratic public policy, despite political representation.

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