scholarly journals Study on Array Floating Platform for Wind Energy and Marine Space Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 14014
Author(s):  
Yi-Hung Chen ◽  
Ray-Yeng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Offshore Water ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Wave Basin

The concept of multiline anchor, whose application is mainly considered in water depths beyond 100 m and analyzed only by numerical simulation, has been discussed for half a decade, yet previous studies have not conducted the wave basin experiment. Thus, this paper set this concept firstly with a shallow water mooring system designed for a Taiwan offshore water area, where the suitable water depth for floating offshore wind turbine is located from 50 to 100 m, and then conducted a 1:144 scaled model wave basin experiment to validate the results from numerical simulation. In this paper, the numerical model simulated and analyzed three identical DeepCwind OC4 semi-submersible platforms equipped with NREL 5MW wind turbines in OrcaFlex and the experiment carried out by using three 1:144 scaled semi-submersible platforms with equivalent disks which simulated different operations of wind thrusts. To consider the possible influence of the wake effect, the minimum turbines spacing was set at 750 m in a full scaled model and the length of mooring lines was redesigned according to the catenary theory. This paper utilized OrcaWave to calculate hydrodynamic parameters and input it into OrcaFlex to simulate the line tension and the three degrees of freedom (surge, heave, and pitch) of the platforms under regular and irregular wave tests, and coordinate with scaled model tests carried out in Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory (THL). In addition to the reduction in the number of anchors, the concept of multiline anchor was also discussed in this study for the spatial configuration of offshore wind farms. It shows that the wind farm composed of three floating wind turbines can reduce the ocean space by roughly 24% compared to that with a single-line anchor. According to the comparison of numerical and experimental results, this study finally optimized the mooring lines by changing the diameter to increase the stability and the threshold of Minimum Breaking Load (MBL) and proposed a multiline anchor configuration for shallow offshore water area in Taiwan based on the results obtained.

scholarly journals Seakeeping Tests of a FOWT in Wind and Waves: An Analysis of Dynamic Coupling Effects and Their Impact on the Predictions of Pitch Motion Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Giovanni Amaral ◽  
Pedro Mello ◽  
Lucas do Carmo ◽  
Izabela Alberto ◽  
Edgard Malta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Coupling ◽  
Coupling Effects ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Wave Basin ◽  
Domain Models ◽  
Catenary System

The present work highlights some of the dynamic couplings observed in a series of tests performed in a wave basin with a scaled-model of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) with semi-submersible substructure. The model was moored by means of a conventional chain catenary system and an actively controlled fan was used for emulating the thrust loads during the tests. A set of wave tests was performed for concomitant effects of not aligned wave and wind. The experimental measurements illustrate the main coupling effects involved and how they affect the FOWT motions in waves, especially when the floater presents a non-negligible tilt angle. In addition, a frequency domain numerical analysis was performed in order to evaluate its ability to capture these effects properly. The influence of different modes of fan response, floater trim angles (changeable with ballast compensation) and variations in the mooring stiffness with the offsets were investigated in the analysis. Results attest that significant changes in the FOWT responses may indeed arise from coupling effects, thus indicating that caution must be taken when simplifying the hydrodynamic frequency-domain models often used as a basis for the simulation of FOWTs in waves and in optimization procedures for the design of the floater and mooring lines.

Coupled Dynamic Analysis for Multi-Unit Floating Offshore Wind Turbine in Maximum Operational and Survival Conditions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Jang ◽  
H. C. Kim ◽  
M. H. Kim ◽  
K. H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Random Waves ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Coupled Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

Numerical tools for a single floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) have been developed by a number of researchers, while the investigation of multi-unit floating offshore wind turbines (MUFOWT) has rarely been performed. Recently, a numerical simulator was developed by TAMU to analyze the coupled dynamics of MUFOWT including multi-rotor-floater-mooring coupled effects. In the present study, the behavior of MUFOWT in time domain is described through the comparison of two load cases in maximum operational and survival conditions. A semi-submersible floater with four 2MW wind turbines, moored by eight mooring lines is selected as an example. The combination of irregular random waves, steady currents and dynamic turbulent winds are applied as environmental loads. As a result, the global motion and kinetic responses of the system are assessed in time domain. Kane’s dynamic theory is employed to formulate the global coupled dynamic equation of the whole system. The coupling terms are carefully considered to address the interactions among multiple turbines. This newly developed tool will be helpful in the future to evaluate the performance of MUFOWT under diverse environmental scenarios. In the present study, the aerodynamic interactions among multiple turbines including wake/array effect are not considered due to the complexity and uncertainty.

scholarly journals Proposal and Performance Study of a Novel Mooring System with Six Mooring Lines for Spar-Type Offshore Wind Turbines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11665
Author(s):  
Shi Liu ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Yuangang Tu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Mooring System ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
Included Angle ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

Spar-type floating offshore wind turbines commonly vibrate excessively when under the coupling impact of wind and wave. The wind turbine vibration can be controlled by developing its mooring system. Thus, this study proposes a novel mooring system for the spar-type floating offshore wind turbine. The proposed mooring system has six mooring lines, which are divided into three groups, with two mooring lines in the same group being connected to the same fairlead. Subsequently, the effects of the included angle between the two mooring lines on the mooring-system’s performance are investigated. Then, these six mooring lines are connected to six independent fairleads for comparison. FAST is utilized to calculate wind turbine dynamic response. Wind turbine surge, pitch, and yaw movements are presented and analyzed in time and frequency domains to quantitatively evaluate the performances of the proposed mooring systems. Compared with the mooring system with six fairleads, the mooring system with three fairleads performed better. When the included angle was 40°, surge, pitch, and yaw movement amplitudes of the wind turbine reduced by 39.51%, 6.8%, and 12.34%, respectively, when under regular waves; they reduced by 56.08%, 25.00%, and 47.5%, respectively, when under irregular waves. Thus, the mooring system with three fairleads and 40° included angle is recommended.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic Response of the Deep Turbine Installation-Floating Concept

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Serret ◽  
Tim Stratford ◽  
Philipp R. Thies ◽  
Vengatesan Venugopal ◽  
Tahsin Tezdogan
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Irregular Wave ◽  
Floating System ◽  
Turbine Installation

Abstract Floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) installations are progressing from the R&D stage to commercial installation projects. The prospective sites are situated in increasingly deeper water and further away from the shore. This paper presents the Deep Turbine Installation-Floating (DTI-F) concept, an innovative hybrid spar buoy-based FOWT capable of being able to raise and lower the tower and nacelle, which simplifies construction, installation, maintenance and decommissioning. The study is focused on the hydrodynamics of the moored floating system, and it is based on experimental and numerical modelling work. A 1:45 Froude scaled model of the DTI-F wind concept was tested using three different mooring configurations: i) three mooring lines, ii) four mooring lines, and iii) three mooring lines with a delta connection. Free decay and stiffness decay tests were carried out together with regular and irregular wave tests. The numerical study comprises diffraction (ANSYS AQWA) and time-domain modelling (OrcaFlex). The experimental hydrostatic and hydrodynamic results are compared with the numerical simulations based on the as-built scale model. Considering the natural frequencies results obtained for the three mooring configurations, the three lines configuration without delta connection was selected as the most suitable design. The obtained results for the three mooring lines configuration show good agreement between the experiment and numerical simulations. The presented analysis of the design concept indicates a high degree of technical feasibility.

scholarly journals DESIGN OF A 3D PHYSICAL AND NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT ON FLOATING OFF-SHORE WIND TURBINES

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Roberto Tomasicchio ◽  
Elvira Armenio ◽  
Felice D'Alessandro ◽  
Nuno Fonseca ◽  
Spyros A. Mavrakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Wave Basin ◽  
Particle Hydrodynamics ◽  
Smoothed Particle ◽  
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method

The knowledge of the behavior of floating offshore wind turbines (W/T) under wave and/or wind action remains one of the most difficult challenges in offshore engineering which is mostly due to the highly non-linear response of the structure. The present study describes the design process of a 3D physical experiment to investigate the behavior of the most promising structure technology of floating W/T: spar buoy (SB) and tension leg platform (TLP) under different meteo conditions. In order to properly design the two W/T models, the following topics have been analyzed: mooring lines, mass distribution, appropriate scaling factor and data relative to the geometrical characteristics, wave basin dimensions and wind and waves conditions. In addition, the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method (SPH) (Monaghan 1994) has been considered to simulate the 3D behavior of a floating offshore W/T. In particular, the SPH, calibrated and verified on the basis of the experimental observations, may represent a reliable tool for preliminary test of changes in the floater geometry.

scholarly journals Assessment of Practical Methods to Predict Accumulated Rotations of Monopile-Supported Offshore Wind Turbines in Cohesionless Ground Profiles

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3915
Author(s):  
Saleh Jalbi ◽  
Joseph Hilton ◽  
Luke Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Time History ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Applied Loading ◽  
Number Of Cycles

Monopiles supporting offshore wind turbines can experience permanent non-recoverable rotations (or displacements) during their lifetime due to the cyclic nature of hydrodynamic and aerodynamic loading exerted on them. Recent studies in the literature have demonstrated that conventional cyclic p–y curves recommended in different codes of practice (API-RP-2GEO and DNVGL-RP-C212) may not capture the effects of long-term cyclic loads as they are independent of the loading profile and the number of applied cycles. Several published methodologies based on laboratory scaled model tests (on sands) exist to determine the effect of cyclic lateral loads on the long-term behaviour of piles. The tests vary in terms of the pile behaviour (rigid or flexible pile), number of applied loading cycles, and the load profile (one-way or two-way loading). The best-fit curves provided by these tests offer practical and cost-efficient methods to quantify the accumulated rotations when compared to Finite Element Method. It is therefore desirable that such methods are further developed to take into account different soil types and the complex nature of the loading. The objective of this paper is to compare the performance of the available formulations under the actions of a typical 35-h (hour) storm as per the Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH) recommendations. Using classical rain flow counting, the loading time-history is discretized into load packets where each packet has a loading profile and number of cycles, which then enables the computation of an equivalent number of cycles of the largest load packet. The results show that the loading profile plays a detrimental role in the result of the accumulated rotation. Furthermore, flexibility of the pile also has an important effect on the response of the pile where predictions obtained from formulations based on flexible piles resulted in a much lower accumulated rotation than tests based on rigid piles. Finally, the findings of this paper are expected to contribute in the design and interpretation of future experimental frameworks for Offshore Wind Turbine (OWT) monopiles in sands, which will include a more realistic loading profile, number of cycles, and relative soil to pile stiffness.

scholarly journals Experimental Validation of Aero-Hydro-Servo-Elastic Models of a Scaled Floating Offshore Wind Turbine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasper Jessen ◽  
Kasper Laugesen ◽  
Signe M. Mortensen ◽  
Jesper K. Jensen ◽  
Mohsen N. Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

Floating offshore wind turbines are complex dynamical systems. The use of numerical models is an essential tool for the prediction of the fatigue life, ultimate loads and controller design. The simultaneous wind and wave loading on a non-stationary foundation with a flexible tower makes the development of numerical models difficult, the validation of these numerical models is a challenging task as the floating offshore wind turbine system is expensive and the testing of these may cause loss of the system. The validation of these numerical models is often made on scaled models of the floating offshore wind turbines, which are tested in scaled environmental conditions. In this study, an experimental validation of two numerical models for a floating offshore wind turbines will be conducted. The scaled model is a 1:35 Froude scaled 5 MW offshore wind turbine mounted on a tension-leg platform. The two numerical models are aero-hydro-servo-elastic models. The numerical models are a theoretical model developed in a MATLAB/Simulink environment by the authors, while the other model is developed in the turbine simulation tool FAST. A comparison between the numerical models and the experimental dynamics shows good agreement. Though some effects such as the periodic loading from rotor show a complexity, which is difficult to capture.

Elastic Characteristics of TLP Type Offshore Wind Turbine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Nihei ◽  
Minori Kozen ◽  
Kazuhiro Iijima
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Elastic Model ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
Bending Vibration ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Elastic Characteristics

In this paper, we will discuss about structural problems affecting TLP type offshore wind turbines under wind and wave conditions. For TLP type offshore windturbines, structural problems haven’t been found yet, however when talking about the use of wind turbines on a TLP structure we come to realize certain problems. For example the bending vibration of the tower and the blades, the bending moments and inertia of the upper structure under heavy sea conditions that might affect the mooring lines. Those are pressing issues and it is therefore important to take them into consideration. So, in this study, we will perform some experiments using appropriate “elastic model” of TLP type offshore wind turbines to observe those effects. We have not only measured the loads on tension legs in waves and wind but also the bending stresses acting on the tower and blades. We observed some phenomenon that will be reported later on, in this study.

Development of a 10-MW Semisubmersible Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine for the East Sea, Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeonjeong Ahn ◽  
Hyunkyoung Shin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Scale Ratio ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The area of renewable energy is expanding rapidly worldwide, with wind turbines being an example. In Korea, many researchers are conducting studies on floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) on areas with suitable wind resources. In particular, Ulsan, which is the site selected in this study, started research on the development of a 200-MW floating offshore wind farm. In this study, the references for upscaling are the 5-MW reference wind turbine of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and the OC4-DeepCwind semisubmersible type floating wind turbine. We upscaled the 5-MW wind turbine to a 10-MW FOWT by applying the appropriate scale ratio for each component of the turbine. We upscaled the specifications related to items such as the blades, hub, and nacelle using the power ratio. The mass of the blades was reduced by using carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP). We upscaled the specifications related to the tower using its deflection ratio, and the tower clearance criterion and the tower campbell diagram were used to confirm that the design is appropriate. We upscaled the specifications related to the platform using the upper structure mass ratio. The GZ curve of the platform was used to confirm the stability, and we used the air gap for safety. Three catenary type mooring lines were also designed. To understand the static response of the initial model of the 10-MW FOWT, a steady-state analysis was performed according to each wind speed. We followed the IEC and DNV standards, and we used NREL FAST in all simulations.

Nonlinear Whirling Motion of Monopile Offshore Wind Turbines Subjected to Harmonic and Seismic Base Excitations

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950009
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Cai ◽  
Xiang Yuan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Instability Mechanism ◽  
Triggering Mechanism ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Shake Table Tests ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Whirling Motion ◽  
Theoretical Results

The triggering mechanism and the vibration patterns of the nonlinear whirling motion of monopile offshore wind turbines subjected to unidirectional base excitations are investigated both theoretically and experimentally via a 64:1 scaled model of the prototype NREL-5MW monopile offshore wind turbine. For motion, two nonlinear coupled integro-differential equations containing cubic nonlinearities due to curvature and inertia are solved by both analytical and numerical methods. Harmonic and random seismic base excitations with different amplitudes and frequencies are considered in the analysis to understand the instability mechanism. Extensive shake table tests show that the experimental results have good qualitative agreements with the theoretical results, and as observed in eight load cases, the nonlinear whirling motions of nacelle do exist and tend to be induced by large harmonic excitations with structural resonant frequency.

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