Effect of Compost and Titanium Dioxide Application on the Vegetative Yield and Essential Oil Composition of Coriander

Coriander is one of the most popular and intensely used spices owing to its multipurpose uses worldwide. It is mainly cultivated for the production of its dried seed and fresh leaves. The present study aimed to evaluate the application of compost and foliar spraying of TiO2 on the yield and essential oil composition of coriander. Two field experiments were conducted during two successive seasons; after that, the yield parameters were determined, and the essential oil of the seeds was extracted and analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicated that coriander growths at both years were significantly affected by compost application and foliar application of TiO2, and a significant interaction of these two factors also occurred. Compost application at 50 m3 caused significant increments of 55% and 46% in umbels number and 75% and 64% in seed yield in the first and second season, respectively, compared with control. The application of compost to the coriander plant significantly influenced oil percentage and oil yield per ha. The maximum oil percent was recorded in control plants. Foliar application of TiO2 resulted in significant improvement in plant height, number of umbels, and seed yield of coriander as compared with control and reached their maximum values at 6 g L−1 compared with the control; foliar application of TiO2 at 2 g L−1 enhanced numbers of umbels by 22% with no significant differences between 2, 4, and 6 g L−1 treatments in the first season and by 24, 33, and 48% in the second season. Increases in seed yield accounted for 34, 43, and 64% in the first season and 21, 36, and 45% in the second season due to titanium dioxide application of 2, 4, and 6 g L−1, respectively. The maximum content of linalool (87.61%) and minimum content of estragole (0.7%) was recorded at 4 g L−1 titanium dioxide with no compost.

Download Full-text

Essential Oil Composition ofPinus peuceGriseb. Needles and Twigs from Two National Parks of Kosovo

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2016/5393079 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Avni Hajdari ◽

Behxhet Mustafa ◽

Dashnor Nebija ◽

Hyrmete Selimi ◽

Zeqir Veselaj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

National Park ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Geographical Variations

The principal aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition and qualitative and quantitative variability of essential oils obtained from seven naturally grown populations of thePinus peuceGrisebach, Pinaceae in Kosovo. Plant materials were collected from three populations in the Sharri National Park and from four other populations in the Bjeshkët e Nemuna National Park, in Kosovo. Essential oils were obtained by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-FID (Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The results showed that the yield of essential oils (v/wdry weight) varied depending on the origin of population and the plant organs and ranged from 0.7 to 3.3%. In total, 51 compounds were identified. The main compounds wereα-pinene (needles: 21.6–34.9%; twigs: 11.0–24%),β-phellandrene (needles: 4.1–27.7; twigs: 29.0–49.8%), andβ-pinene (needles: 10.0–16.1; twigs: 6.9–20.7%). HCA (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) and PCA (Principal Component Analyses) were used to assess geographical variations in essential oil composition. Statistical analysis showed that the analyzed populations are grouped in three main clusters which seem to reflect microclimatic conditions on the chemical composition of the essential oils.

Download Full-text

Essential oil Composition of Ficus Benjamina (Moraceae)and Irvingia Barteri (Irvingiaceae)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1200701233 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Isiaka A. Ogunwande ◽

Razaq Jimoh ◽

Adedoyin A. Ajetunmobi ◽

Nudewhenu O. Avoseh ◽

Guido Flamini

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Ficus Benjamina ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Leaf Oil

Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves of two Nigerian species were analyzed for their constituents by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The leaf oil of Ficus benjamina L. (Moraceae), collected during the day, contained high contents of α-pinene (13.9%), abietadiene (9.7%), cis-α-bisabolene (8.2%) and germacrene-D-4-ol (8.4%), while the night sample was dominated by germacrene-D-4-ol (31.5%), 1,10-di- epi-cubenol (8.8%) and hexahydrofarnesylacetone (8.3%). This could be a possible indication of differences in emissions of volatiles by F. benjamina during the day and night. The main compounds of Irvingia barteri Hook. f. (Irvingiaceae) were β-caryophyllene (17.0%), (E)-α-ionone (10.0%), geranial (7.6%), (E)-β-ionone (6.6%) and β-gurjunene (5.1%).

Download Full-text

Compositional and Enantiomeric Analysis of the Essential Oil of Taxodium Distichum from India

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1601100325 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 1934578X1601100

Author(s):

Rajendra C. Padalia ◽

Ram S. Verma ◽

Amit Chauhan ◽

Prakash Goswami ◽

Chandan S. Chanotiya

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Taxodium Distichum ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Enantiomeric Analysis ◽

Racemic Form ◽

Different Seasons

The leaf essential oil composition of Taxodium distichum L., collected from the foothills of Uttarakhand, India was analyzed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) equipped with DB-5 (5% diphenyl-95% dimethyl polysiloxane) and β-cyclodextrin (6-tertiarybutyldimethylsiliyl-2,3-diethyl-β-cyclodextrin) capillary columns. Seventeen constituents, representing 90.3 to 99.4% of composition were identified in the essential oils from different seasons, viz. spring, summer, rainy, autumn and winter. The essential oil composition was mainly dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons, represented mainly by α-pinene (81.9–94.3%). Other constituents of the oil were myrcene (0.5–4.7%), β-pinene (2.2–2.9%), limonene (0.5–1.5%), camphene (≤0.03–1.5%), and α-terpineol (upto 1.6%). Chiral analysis of T. dstichum essential oil on an ethyl substituted β-cyclodextrin capillary column revealed the presence of α-pinene in racemic form, with an enantiomeric ratio of 49.3% for (1 R)-(+)- and 50.7% for (1 S)-(-)-α-pinene.

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Baccharoides lilacina from India

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800331 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800

Author(s):

Rajesh K. Joshi

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Total Oil

The essential oil composition from the aerial parts of Baccharoides lilacina (Dalzell & A. Gibson) M. R. Almeida was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 41 compounds have been identified, representing 97.4% of the total oil. The main constituents were identified as β-caryophyllene (27.7%), epi-α-cadinol (25.1%), caryophyllene oxide (9.9%), α-muurolol (7.6%), α-cadinene (6.1%) and α-cadinol 4.5%). The oil was found to be rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes (47.1%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (46.2%).

Download Full-text

Morphological, Chemical, and Genetic Characteristics of Korean Native Thyme Bak-Ri-Hyang (Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.)

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9060289 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 289

Author(s):

Minju Kim ◽

Jun-Cheol Moon ◽

Songmun Kim ◽

Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Rapd Analysis ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Similarity Coefficient ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Aromatic Plant ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Genetic Characteristics

Bak-ri-hyang (Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.) is an important medicinal and aromatic plant in Korea. T. quinquecostatus population and is always mixed with other thyme cultivars during cultivation and marketing. Hence, this study aimed to determine the genetic variability and the essential oil composition of three Korean native thyme, T. quinquecostatus cultivars collected from the Wolchul, Jiri, and Odae mountains, in comparison with six commercial thyme cultivars (T. vulgaris), to distinguish Bak-ri-hyang from other thyme cultivars. The composition of essential oils obtained from nine individuals was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was accomplished using 16 different primers. The GC–MS analysis revealed that Wolchul, creeping, golden, and orange cultivars belong to the geraniol chemotype. Whereas the Odae, lemon, and silver cultivars belong to the thymol chemotype. Further, linalool was the most abundant component in carpet and Jiri cultivars. The RAPD analysis demonstrated that all thyme cultivars showed characteristic RAPD patterns that allowed their identification. In total, 133 bands were obtained using 16 primers, and 124 bands were polymorphic, corresponding to 93.2% polymorphism. Cluster analysis of RAPD markers established the presence of clear separation from nine thyme cultivars. The highest dissimilarity and similarity coefficient of the RAPD markers were 0.58 and 0.98, respectively. According to the RAPD patterns, the nine thyme cultivars could be divided into two major clusters. Among three Korean cultivars, the Wolchul and Odae cultivars were placed into the same cluster, but they did not show identical clustering with their essential oil compositions. The findings of the present study suggest that RAPD analysis can be a useful tool for marker-assisted identification of T. quinquecostatus from other Thymus species.

Download Full-text

Essential Oil and Microelement Composition of Thymus citriodorus L. and Lippia citriodora H.B.K.

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.1515/cerce-2016-0018 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 97-105

Author(s):

S. Kizil ◽

Ö. Tonçer

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Lippia Citriodora ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Microelement Composition ◽

Lemon Verbena

Abstract Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora H.B.K., Verbenaceae family) is indigenous to South America and cultivated as an aromatic plant in various parts of world. Lemon thyme (Thymus citriodorus L.), Lamiaceae family, is a perennial medicinal plant native to southern Europe and is cultivated in the Mediterranean region. These species are cultivated mainly for the lemon-like aroma emitted from their leaves due to the presence of dimethyl-2,6- octadienal, also known as lemonal or citral, which is used in food and perfumery for its citrus effect. The aim of this study was to determine the mineral content and essential oil components of L. citriodora and T. citriodorus plants grown under semi-arid climatic conditions in Turkey. The aerial parts of lemon thyme and lemon verbena plants were extracted using hydrodistillation. The essential oil composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the microelement contents of the herbs were examined via inductively coupled plasmaoptical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The microelement contents were 0.249, 1.630, 16.41, 0.106, and 13.1-36.2 mg kg-1 for cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn), respectively, in lemon thyme, and 0.275, 4.584, 248.1, 15.71, and 1.803 mg kg-1 for Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and zinc (Zn), respectively, in lemon verbena. Fifty compounds were identified in lemon verbena essential oil, including limonene (30.33%), trans-citral (17%), cis-citral (12.77%), caryophyllene oxide (5.71%), and geraniol acetate (4.02%) that together constituted 99.86% of the oil composition. We also identified 22 compounds constituting approximately 85.11% of lemon thyme essential oil, including transgeraniol (30.07%), trans-citral (15.06%), cis-citral (11.71%), cis-geraniol (7.65%), and 3-octanol (6.18%).

Download Full-text

Essential Oil Composition of Three Species of Thymus Growing Wild in Mazandaran, Iran

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.1515/cerce-2016-0019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 107-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. Ghelichnia

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Geranyl Acetate ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

Oil Composition

Abstract The genus Thymus has a wide distributional range and chemical composition of the essential oils varies with geographical location of collection site, climate and other ecological factors. The essential oils of the aerial parts were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty seven components were characterized in the essential oil of T. fedtschenkoi. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (69.04%), thymol (5.95%), borneol (5.21%), p-cymene (4.20%), bornyl acetate (2.97%) and 1,8- cineole (2.72%). Twenty two components were characterized in the essential oil of T. trauveterri. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (54.02%), thymol (9.29%), borneol (3.51%), p-cymene (18.64%) and γ- terpinene (2.97%). Twenty six components were characterized in the essential oil of T. pubescens. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (13.85%), α-terpineol (11.49%), thymol (10%), geraniol (9.48%), α-pinene (8.52%), p-cymene (7.66%), camphor (4.66%), γ-terpinene (3.15%) and myrcene (2.22%). Twenty four components were characterized in the essential oil of T. fallax. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (41.84%), p-cymene (12.18%), α-terpineol (11.49%), thymol (10%), γ-terpinene (8.68%), borneol (5.11%), geraniol (4.35%) and geranyl acetate (2.16%).

Download Full-text

INFLUENCE OF HARVESTING TIME ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF ABIES KOREANA TWIGS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i12.15056 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 205

Author(s):

Min Seo ◽

Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan ◽

Songmun Kim

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Harvesting Time ◽

Abies Koreana ◽

Essential Oil Yield

Objective: In the present study, the influence of harvesting time (April, June, August and October 2015) on the essential oil composition of Abies koreana twigs from Korea was investigated.Methods: The essential oil from the twigs of A. koreana was isolated by steam distillation and its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: The essential oil yield was found to vary from 0.76 to 1.20% depending on the month of harvesting. The GC-MS analysis revealed the identification of 26 different essential oil components from the twigs harvested in the months of April, June, August and October, which were mostly monoterpene hydrocarbons (57.63–72.38%) followed by oxygenated monoterpenes (18.82–25.96%). Harvesting time mainly influenced on the concentration of the major components of the essential oil from the twigs of A. koreana. Limonene (17.38–31.13%), bornyl acetate (13.22–21.17%), camphene (12.56–13.26%), α-pinene (11.05–13.02%), β-pinene (4.55–5.70%), 3-carene (5.21–6.43%) and β-eudesmol (1.49–8.24%) were detected as the major components in the essential oil.Conclusion: The main differences between the essential oil compositions of four different months can be referred to limonene and bornyl acetate. The results showed considerable variations in the composition of essential oil, particularly quantitative variation during different harvesting months.

Download Full-text

Essential Oil Composition of Lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia) cultivated in Bismil-Turkey

Academic Perspective Procedia ◽

10.33793/acperpro.01.01.179 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1120-1125

Author(s):

Mustafa Abdullah Yilmaz

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Linalyl Acetate ◽

Stem Leaf ◽

Different Parts

The goal of this study was to investigate the essential oil compositions of different parts (stem, leaf, flower and mixture) of Lavandula x intermedia in Bismil-Diyarbakır,Turkey. The chemical composition of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh Lavandin samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results indicate the major components of the studied parts of lavandin was; linalool (24.97-2.52-43.86-39.43 %), linalyl acetate (3.,4-0.29-9.37-15.76 %), eucalyptol (33.81-43.81-18.47-12.08 %), camphor (13.12-15.91-8.72-9.21 %), endo-borneol (2.03-5.18-0.68-1.24 %) and alpha-terpineol (2.84-2.47-1.28-3.86 %) in essential oils of stem, leaf, flower and mixture parts of fresh lavandin respectively. It was understood that linalool and linalyl acetate level were the highest in flower and mix parts while eucalyptol, camphor and endo-borneol levels were the highest in stem and leaf parts of the plant.

Download Full-text

Physiological, morphological and phytochemical responses of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) populations to salt stress

10.21203/rs.3.rs-464343/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gita Mirniyam ◽

Mehdi Rahimmalek ◽

Ahmad Arzani ◽

Parisa Yavari ◽

Mohammad Hossein Ehtemam

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Trachyspermum Ammi ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Abstract Twenty-eight populations of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) were evaluated for morphological traits and oil yield in two consecutive years. Then, selected ajowan populations that revealed medium and high oil yield and higher seed weight in two years were selected for further studies. These were assessed for physiological traits, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity under four salt treatments control, 60, 90, and 120 mM NaCl. The essential oil composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Thymol (32.7-54.29%), γ -terpinene (21.71–32.81%), and p-cymene (18.74–26.16%) were major components. The highest and lowest thymol were recorded for Qazvin (control) and Qazvin (Low salt concentration), respectively. Salt stress caused an increase in essential oil content of Esfahfo and Qazvin populations. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in Arak population grown in 60 mM NaCl (183.83 mg TAE g− 1 DW) and Yazd population grown in 90 mM NaCl (5.94 mg QE g− 1 DW). Moreover, Yazd population exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity based on DPPH (IC50 = 1566µg/mL) under 60 mM NaCl and the highest reducing power (0.69 nm) under 120 mM NaCl. Overall, the results revealed that low and moderate salt stress improves the phytochemicals of ajowan, being especially useful for pharmaceutical and food applications.

Download Full-text