scholarly journals Origin of Terrestrial Bioorganic Homochirality and Symmetry Breaking in the Universe

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-ichi Takahashi ◽  
Kensei Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Parity Violation ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Quantum Radiation ◽  
Interstellar Media ◽  
Spin Polarized ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Polarized Photons ◽  
The Universe

The origin of terrestrial bioorganic homochirality is one of the most important and unresolved problems in the study of chemical evolution prior to the origin of terrestrial life. One hypothesis advocated in the context of astrobiology is that polarized quantum radiation in space, such as circularly polarized photons or spin-polarized leptons, induced asymmetric chemical and physical conditions in the primitive interstellar media (the cosmic scenario). Another advocated hypothesis in the context of symmetry breaking in the universe is that the bioorganic asymmetry is intrinsically derived from the chiral asymmetric properties of elementary particles, that is, parity violation in the weak interaction (the intrinsic scenario). In this paper, the features of these two scenarios are discussed and approaches to validate them are reviewed.

scholarly journals Facilities for the Performance of Fano Effect Measurements as a Probe of Electron Correlation

2006 ◽  
Vol 986 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Tobin ◽  
S. W. Tobin ◽  
T Komesu ◽  
B W Chung ◽  
S. A. Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Electron Correlation ◽  
Selective Excitation ◽  
Photoelectron Emission ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Fano Effect ◽  
Spin Polarized ◽  
Fano Effects ◽  
Polarized Photons

AbstractFano Effect measurements are the key to direct observation of the Kondo or spin shielding intrinsic to models of electron correlation. The Fano Effect is the observation of spin polarized photoelectron emission from NONMAGNETIC materials, under chirally selective excitation, such as circularly polarized photons. Below are described three spectrometers, with which Fano Effects measurements have been made.

scholarly journals The Dirac Sea, T and C Symmetry Breaking, and the Spinor Vacuum of the Universe

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Vadim Monakhov
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Momentum Space ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Conjugation Operator ◽  
Dirac Sea ◽  
Canonical Anticommutation Relations ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Dirac Conjugation

We have developed a quantum field theory of spinors based on the algebra of canonical anticommutation relations (CAR algebra) of Grassmann densities in the momentum space. We have proven the existence of two spinor vacua. Operators C and T transform the normal vacuum into an alternative one, which leads to the breaking of the C and T symmetries. The CPT is the real structure operator; it preserves the normal vacuum. We have proven that, in the theory of the Dirac Sea, the formula for the charge conjugation operator must contain an additional generalized Dirac conjugation operator.

scholarly journals Primordial monopoles and strings, inflation, and gravity waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joydeep Chakrabortty ◽  
George Lazarides ◽  
Rinku Maji ◽  
Qaisar Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Cosmic Strings ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
Gauge Coupling ◽  
String Tension ◽  
Magnetic Monopoles ◽  
Intermediate Scale ◽  
Tension Parameter ◽  
The Universe

Abstract We consider magnetic monopoles and strings that appear in non-supersymmetric SO(10) and E6 grand unified models paying attention to gauge coupling unification and proton decay in a variety of symmetry breaking schemes. The dimensionless string tension parameter Gμ spans the range 10−6− 10−30, where G is Newton’s constant and μ is the string tension. We show how intermediate scale monopoles with mass ∼ 1013− 1014 GeV and flux ≲ 2.8 × 10−16 cm−2s−1sr−1, and cosmic strings with Gμ ∼ 10−11− 10−10 survive inflation and are present in the universe at an observable level. We estimate the gravity wave spectrum emitted from cosmic strings taking into account inflation driven by a Coleman-Weinberg potential. The tensor-to-scalar ratio r lies between 0.06 and 0.003 depending on the details of the inflationary scenario.

scholarly journals Millisecond Pulsars

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
J.H. Krolik
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Star ◽  
Stellar Evolution ◽  
Close Binary ◽  
Millisecond Pulsar ◽  
Millisecond Pulsars ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Standard Picture ◽  
The Universe ◽  
New System

AbstractMillisecond pulsars are intrinsically interesting because they illustrate some of the most extreme physical conditions to be found anywhere in the Universe, and because their evolution exhibits several stages of great drama. It had been widely believed for several years that spin-up of an old neutron star by accretion from a close stellar companion explained their fast rotation, but the absence of companions in several cases cast doubt on that picture. This spring a millisecond pulsar in a close binary was discovered in which the companion appears to be evaporating, thus reconciling the existence of lone millisecond pulsars with the standard picture. Ongoing observations of this new system, and complementary calculations, promise to answer many of the questions remaining about this dramatic phase in stellar evolution.

Spin-polarized photoelectron diffraction using circularly polarized x rays

1994 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 6774-6778 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Waddill ◽  
J. G. Tobin ◽  
X. Guo ◽  
S. Y. Tong
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Photoelectron Diffraction ◽  
Spin Polarized

scholarly journals Natural inflation after Planck 2018

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 (01) ◽  
pp. 022
Author(s):  
Nina K. Stein ◽  
William H. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Confidence Region ◽  
Hubble Constant ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Electroweak Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Observational Constraints ◽  
Electroweak Symmetry ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe

Abstract We calculate high-precision constraints on Natural Inflation relative to current observational constraints from Planck 2018 + BICEP/Keck(BK15) Polarization + BAO on r and n S, including post-inflationary history of the universe. We find that, for conventional post-inflationary dynamics, Natural Inflation with a cosine potential is disfavored at greater than 95% confidence out by current data. If we assume protracted reheating characterized by w̅>1/3, Natural Inflation can be brought into agreement with current observational constraints. However, bringing unmodified Natural Inflation into the 68% confidence region requires values of T re below the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking. The addition of a SHOES prior on the Hubble Constant H 0 only worsens the fit.

Cosmos: The Universe Translated

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-232
Author(s):  
Alison E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
Physical Description ◽  
The World ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Fourth Volume ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe

This chapter is devoted to Humboldt’s last, great work Cosmos. This multi-volume ‘Sketch of a Physical Description of the World’ ranged encyclopaedically from the darkest corners of space to the smallest forms of terrestrial life, describing the larger systems at work in the natural world. But, as British reviewers were swift to query, where was God in Humboldt’s mapping of the universe? Appearing on the market in 1846, just a year after Robert Chambers’ controversial Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, Humboldt’s Cosmos unavoidably underwent close scrutiny. Hitherto overlooked correspondence between Humboldt and Edward Sabine shows how the Sabines deliberately reoriented the second volume of the English translation for Longman/Murray explicitly to include references to the ‘Creator’ and thus restore Humboldt’s reputation. The fourth volume of the Longman edition on terrestrial magnetism – Edward Sabine’s specialism – included additions endorsed by Humboldt which made Sabine appear as co-writer alongside the great Prussian scientist, and Cosmos a more obviously ‘English’ product. Otté, who produced the rival translation for Bohn, was initially under pressure herself to generate ‘original’ work that differed from its rival, producing a version of a work that would remain central to scientific thought well up to the end of the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals Modulation of circularly polarized luminescence through excited-state symmetry breaking and interbranched exciton coupling in helical push–pull organic systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kais Dhbaibi ◽  
Ludovic Favereau ◽  
Monika Srebro-Hooper ◽  
Cassandre Quinton ◽  
Nicolas Vanthuyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Luminescence Intensity ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Polarity Effect ◽  
Exciton Coupling ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Circularly Polarized Luminescence ◽  
Polarized Luminescence

Solvent polarity effect on circularly polarized luminescence intensity was assessed in helical push–pull organic systems through excited-state symmetry breaking and interbranched exciton coupling.

scholarly journals The Molecular Universe

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S280) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. G. M. Tielens
Keyword(s):  
Planet Formation ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Evolution Of Galaxies ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
Molecular Complexity ◽  
The Universe

AbstractOver the last 20 years, we have discovered that we live in a molecular Universe: A Universe with a rich and varied organic inventory; A Universe where molecules are abundant and widespread; A Universe where molecules play a central role in key processes that dominate the structure and evolution of galaxies; A Universe where molecules provide convenient thermometers and barometers to probe local physical conditions; A Universe where molecules can work together to form such complex species as you and me. Understanding the origin and evolution of interstellar and circumstellar molecules is thus key to understanding the Universe around us and our place in it and has become a fundamental goal of modern astrophysics. This review focuses on the organic inventory and the chemical processes that may play a role in stablishing molecular complexity in regions of planet formation.

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