scholarly journals D-Magic Oriented Graphs

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2261
Author(s):  
Alison Marr ◽  
Rinovia Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Undirected Graphs ◽  
Oriented Graphs ◽  
Multipartite Graphs ◽  
Distance Set ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Magic Constant

In this paper, we define D-magic labelings for oriented graphs where D is a distance set. In particular, we label the vertices of the graph with distinct integers {1,2,…,|V(G)|} in such a way that the sum of all the vertex labels that are a distance in D away from a given vertex is the same across all vertices. We give some results related to the magic constant, construct a few infinite families of D-magic graphs, and examine trees, cycles, and multipartite graphs. This definition grew out of the definition of D-magic (undirected) graphs. This paper explores some of the symmetries we see between the undirected and directed version of D-magic labelings.

scholarly journals Quantum Symmetries of Graph C*-algebras

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Schmidt ◽  
Moritz Weber
Keyword(s):  
Automorphism Group ◽  
Directed Graph ◽  
Operator Algebras ◽  
Automorphism Groups ◽  
Undirected Graphs ◽  
C Algebras ◽  
Quantum Symmetry ◽  
Quantum Symmetries ◽  
Multiple Edges ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe study of graph C*-algebras has a long history in operator algebras. Surprisingly, their quantum symmetries have not yet been computed. We close this gap by proving that the quantum automorphism group of a finite, directed graph without multiple edges acts maximally on the corresponding graph C*-algebra. This shows that the quantum symmetry of a graph coincides with the quantum symmetry of the graph C*-algebra. In our result, we use the definition of quantum automorphism groups of graphs as given by Banica in 2005. Note that Bichon gave a different definition in 2003; our action is inspired from his work. We review and compare these two definitions and we give a complete table of quantum automorphism groups (with respect to either of the two definitions) for undirected graphs on four vertices.

scholarly journals Almost everywhere elimination of probability quantifiers

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jerome Keisler ◽  
Wafik Boulos Lotfallah
Keyword(s):  
Predicate Symbol ◽  
Quantifier Elimination ◽  
Bipartite Graphs ◽  
Infinitary Logic ◽  
Quantifier Scope ◽  
Undirected Graphs ◽  
Oriented Graphs ◽  
Finite Models ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
The Universe

AbstractWe obtain an almost everywhere quantifier elimination for (the noncritical fragment of) the logic with probability quantifiers, introduced by the first author in [10]. This logic has quantifiers like ∃≥3/4y which says that “for at least 3/4 of all y”. These results improve upon the 0-1 law for a fragment of this logic obtained by Knyazev [11]. Our improvements are:1. We deal with the quantifier ∃≥ry, where y is a tuple of variables.2. We remove the closedness restriction, which requires that the variables in y occur in all atomic subformulas of the quantifier scope.3. Instead of the unbiased measure where each model with universe n has the same probability, we work with any measure generated by independent atomic probabilities PR for each predicate symbol R.4. We extend the results to parametric classes of finite models (for example, the classes of bipartite graphs, undirected graphs, and oriented graphs).5. We extend the results to a natural (noncritical) fragment of the infinitary logic with probability quantifiers.6. We allow each PR, as well as each r in the probability quantifier (∃≥ry), to depend on the size of the universe.

The Homomorphism Structure of Classes of Graphs

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAROSLAV NEšETŘIL
Keyword(s):  
Type Theorem ◽  
Density Theorem ◽  
Fractal Property ◽  
Undirected Graphs ◽  
Oriented Graphs ◽  
Colour Class ◽  
Colour Classes

We consider three aspects of homomorphisms of graphs and hypergraphs which are related to the structure of colour classes: (1) density, (2) the fractal property and (3) the generation of colour classes. In particular, we prove a density theorem for hypergraphs and show that, for connected oriented graphs, all jumps are balanced (and give an example to show that connectivity is needed here). We also show that a Hajós-type theorem holds for any colour class of undirected graphs, thus providing further evidence of the well-known ‘non-effective’ character of Hajós' theorem.

scholarly journals On the N-spectrum of oriented graphs

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 486-495
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abudayah ◽  
Omar Alomari ◽  
Torsten Sander
Keyword(s):  
Adjacency Matrix ◽  
Undirected Graphs ◽  
Negative Spectrum ◽  
Oriented Graphs ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Spectral Bounds

Abstract Given any digraph D, its non-negative spectrum (or N-spectrum, shortly) consists of the eigenvalues of the matrix AA T , where A is the adjacency matrix of D. In this study, we relate the classical spectrum of undirected graphs to the N-spectrum of their oriented counterparts, permitting us to derive spectral bounds. Moreover, we study the spectral effects caused by certain modifications of a given digraph.

Introductory paper

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
W. W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Line Intensity ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Dimensional Array ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Metallic Line ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Parameter Varying ◽  
Definition Of

1. The definition of “normal” stars in spectral classification changes with time; at the time of the publication of theYerkes Spectral Atlasthe term “normal” was applied to stars whose spectra could be fitted smoothly into a two-dimensional array. Thus, at that time, weak-lined spectra (RR Lyrae and HD 140283) would have been considered peculiar. At the present time we would tend to classify such spectra as “normal”—in a more complicated classification scheme which would have a parameter varying with metallic-line intensity within a specific spectral subdivision.

2.2. Working Group 2: Conceptual Definitions of Reference Coordinate Systems for Earth Dynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Working Group ◽  
General Character ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Reference Coordinate System ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Earth Dynamics

An ideal definition of a reference coordinate system should meet the following general requirements:1. It should be as conceptually simple as possible, so its philosophy is well understood by the users.2. It should imply as few physical assumptions as possible. Wherever they are necessary, such assumptions should be of a very general character and, in particular, they should not be dependent upon astronomical and geophysical detailed theories.3. It should suggest a materialization that is dynamically stable and is accessible to observations with the required accuracy.

Symbiotic Stars at Optical, Infrared and Radio Wavelengths

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 125-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Type Star ◽  
Stellar Systems ◽  
Symbiotic Stars ◽  
Lower Excitation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Original Type

No paper of this nature should begin without a definition of symbiotic stars. It was Paul Merrill who, borrowing on his botanical background, coined the termsymbioticto describe apparently single stellar systems which combine the TiO absorption of M giants (temperature regime ≲ 3500 K) with He II emission (temperature regime ≳ 100,000 K). He and Milton Humason had in 1932 first drawn attention to three such stars: AX Per, CI Cyg and RW Hya. At the conclusion of the Mount Wilson Ha emission survey nearly a dozen had been identified, and Z And had become their type star. The numbers slowly grew, as much because the definition widened to include lower-excitation specimens as because new examples of the original type were found. In 1970 Wackerling listed 30; this was the last compendium of symbiotic stars published.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Initial Polymerization Sites Indicated During Mitochondrial Oxidation of Diaminobenzidine after Toluene Treatment

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
W. A. Shannon ◽  
M. A. Matlib
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Oxidative Reaction ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Exogenous Substrates

Numerous studies have dealt with the cytochemical localization of cytochrome oxidase via cytochrome c. More recent studies have dealt with indicating initial foci of this reaction by altering incubation pH (1) or postosmication procedure (2,3). The following study is an attempt to locate such foci by altering membrane permeability. It is thought that such alterations within the limits of maintaining morphological integrity of the membranes will ease the entry of exogenous substrates resulting in a much quicker oxidation and subsequently a more precise definition of the oxidative reaction.The diaminobenzidine (DAB) method of Seligman et al. (4) was used. Minced pieces of rat liver were incubated for 1 hr following toluene treatment (5,6). Experimental variations consisted of incubating fixed or unfixed tissues treated with toluene and unfixed tissues treated with toluene and subsequently fixed.

Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy to Medical Research

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
J. D. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valve ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mechanism Of Failure ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Scanning Electron

When the transmission electron microscope was commercially introduced a few years ago, it was heralded as one of the most significant aids to medical research of the century. It continues to occupy that niche; however, the scanning electron microscope is gaining rapidly in relative importance as it fills the gap between conventional optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.IBM Boulder is conducting three major programs in cooperation with the Colorado School of Medicine. These are the study of the mechanism of failure of the prosthetic heart valve, the study of the ultrastructure of lung tissue, and the definition of the function of the cilia of the ventricular ependyma of the brain.

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