scholarly journals Modulation Recognition of Communication Signal Based on Convolutional Neural Network

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2302
Author(s):  
Kaiyuan Jiang ◽  
Xvan Qin ◽  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Aili Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Convolution Neural Network ◽  
Modulation Recognition ◽  
Signal Modulation ◽  
Communication Signal

In the noncooperation communication scenario, digital signal modulation recognition will help people to identify the communication targets and have better management over them. To solve problems such as high complexity, low accuracy and cumbersome manual extraction of features by traditional machine learning algorithms, a kind of communication signal modulation recognition model based on convolution neural network (CNN) is proposed. In this paper, a convolution neural network combines bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) with a symmetrical structure to successively extract the frequency domain features and timing features of signals and then assigns importance weights based on the attention mechanism to complete the recognition task. Seven typical digital modulation schemes including 2ASK, 4ASK, 4FSK, BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK and 64QAM are used in the simulation test, and the results show that, compared with the classical machine learning algorithm, the proposed algorithm has higher recognition accuracy at low SNR, which confirmed that the proposed modulation recognition method is effective in noncooperation communication systems.

scholarly journals Online machine learning algorithms to optimize performances of complex wireless communication systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 2056-2094
Author(s):  
Koji Oshima ◽  
◽  
Daisuke Yamamoto ◽  
Atsuhiro Yumoto ◽  
Song-Ju Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Optimal Decision Making ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

<abstract><p>Data-driven and feedback cycle-based approaches are necessary to optimize the performance of modern complex wireless communication systems. Machine learning technologies can provide solutions for these requirements. This study shows a comprehensive framework of optimizing wireless communication systems and proposes two optimal decision schemes that have not been well-investigated in existing research. The first one is supervised learning modeling and optimal decision making by optimization, and the second is a simple and implementable reinforcement learning algorithm. The proposed schemes were verified through real-world experiments and computer simulations, which revealed the necessity and validity of this research.</p></abstract>

Retinal blood vessels detection for diabetic retinopathy with Ridgelet transform and convolution neural network

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (06) ◽  
pp. 2050048
Author(s):  
Nirmal Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Convolution Neural Network ◽  
Transform Method ◽  
Ridgelet Transform ◽  
Study Results

Applying machine learning in life sciences, especially diagnostics, has become a key area of focus for researchers. Combining machine learning with traditional algorithms provides a unique opportunity of providing better solutions for the patients. In this paper, we present study results of applying the Ridgelet Transform method on retina images to enhance the blood vessels, then using machine learning algorithms to identify cases of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). The Ridgelet transform provides better results for line singularity of image function and, thus, helps to reduce artefacts along the edges of the image. The Ridgelet Transform method, when compared with earlier known methods of image enhancement, such as Wavelet Transform and Contourlet Transform, provided satisfactory results. The transformed image using the Ridgelet Transform method with pre-processing quantifies the amount of information in the dataset. It efficiently enhances the generation of features vectors in the convolution neural network (CNN). In this study, a sample of fundus photographs was processed, which was obtained from a publicly available dataset. In pre-processing, first, CLAHE was applied, followed by filtering and application of Ridgelet transform on the patches to improve the quality of the image. Then, this processed image was used for statistical feature detection and classified by deep learning method to detect DR images from the dataset. The successful classification ratio was 98.61%. This result concludes that the transformed image of fundus using the Ridgelet Transform enables better detection by leveraging a transform-based algorithm and the deep learning.

scholarly journals Predicting Alert Source Device using Machine Learning Algorithms

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Imbalanced Dataset ◽  
Daunting Task

In a large distributed virtualized environment, predicting the alerting source from its text seems to be daunting task. This paper explores the option of using machine learning algorithm to solve this problem. Unfortunately, our training dataset is highly imbalanced. Where 96% of alerting data is reported by 24% of alerting sources. This is the expected dataset in any live distributed virtualized environment, where new version of device will have relatively less alert compared to older devices. Any classification effort with such imbalanced dataset present different set of challenges compared to binary classification. This type of skewed data distribution makes conventional machine learning less effective, especially while predicting the minority device type alerts. Our challenge is to build a robust model which can cope with this imbalanced dataset and achieves relative high level of prediction accuracy. This research work stared with traditional regression and classification algorithms using bag of words model. Then word2vec and doc2vec models are used to represent the words in vector formats, which preserve the sematic meaning of the sentence. With this alerting text with similar message will have same vector form representation. This vectorized alerting text is used with Logistic Regression for model building. This yields better accuracy, but the model is relatively complex and demand more computational resources. Finally, simple neural network is used for this multi-class text classification problem domain by using keras and tensorflow libraries. A simple two layered neural network yielded 99 % accuracy, even though our training dataset was not balanced. This paper goes through the qualitative evaluation of the different machine learning algorithms and their respective result. Finally, two layered deep learning algorithms is selected as final solution, since it takes relatively less resource and time with better accuracy values.

scholarly journals Dementia Prognostication using Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1203
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithm ◽  
Treatment Analysis ◽  
Disease Analysis ◽  
Correct Implementation

Since the introduction of Machine Learning in the field of disease analysis and diagnosis, it has been revolutionized the industry by a big margin. And as a result, many frameworks for disease prognostics have been developed. This paperfocuses on the analysis of three different machine learning algorithms – Neural network, Naïve bayes and SVM on dementia. While the paper focuses more on comparison of the three algorithms, we also try to find out about the important features and causes related to dementia prognostication. Dementia is a severe neurological disease which renders a person unable to use memory and logic if not treated at the early stage so a correct implementation of fast machine learning algorithm may increase the chances of successful treatment. Analysis of the three algorithms will provide algorithm pathway to do further research and create a more complex system for disease prognostication.

scholarly journals A Novel Multi Hidden Layer Convolutional Neural Network for Content Based Image Retrieval

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Image Retrieval ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Content Based Image Retrieval ◽  
Neural Network Architecture ◽  
Query Image

The applications of a content-based image retrieval system in fields such as multimedia, security, medicine, and entertainment, have been implemented on a huge real-time database by using a convolutional neural network architecture. In general, thus far, content-based image retrieval systems have been implemented with machine learning algorithms. A machine learning algorithm is applicable to a limited database because of the few feature extraction hidden layers between the input and the output layers. The proposed convolutional neural network architecture was successfully implemented using 128 convolutional layers, pooling layers, rectifier linear unit (ReLu), and fully connected layers. A convolutional neural network architecture yields better results of its ability to extract features from an image. The Euclidean distance metric is used for calculating the similarity between the query image and the database images. It is implemented using the COREL database. The proposed system is successfully evaluated using precision, recall, and F-score. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using the precision and recall.

scholarly journals Prediction of Option Price using Ensemble of Machine Learning Algorithms for Indian Stock Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 3231-3241
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Option Price ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction ◽  
Indian Stock Market

The non-deterministic behavior of stock market creates ambiguities for buyers. The situation of ambiguities always finds the loss of user financial assets. The variations of price make a very difficult task to predict the option price. For the prediction of option used various non-parametric models such as artificial neural network, machine learning, and deep neural network. The accuracy of prediction is always a challenging task of for individual model and hybrid model. The variation gap of hypothesis value and predicted value reflects the nature of stock market. In this paper use the bagging method of machine learning for the prediction of option price. The bagging process merge different machine learning algorithm and reduce the variation gap of stock price.

scholarly journals Wheat Lodging Detection from UAS Imagery Using Machine Learning Algorithms

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Paulo Flores ◽  
C. Igathinathane ◽  
Dayakar L. Naik ◽  
Ravi Kiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems

The current mainstream approach of using manual measurements and visual inspections for crop lodging detection is inefficient, time-consuming, and subjective. An innovative method for wheat lodging detection that can overcome or alleviate these shortcomings would be welcomed. This study proposed a systematic approach for wheat lodging detection in research plots (372 experimental plots), which consisted of using unmanned aerial systems (UAS) for aerial imagery acquisition, manual field evaluation, and machine learning algorithms to detect the occurrence or not of lodging. UAS imagery was collected on three different dates (23 and 30 July 2019, and 8 August 2019) after lodging occurred. Traditional machine learning and deep learning were evaluated and compared in this study in terms of classification accuracy and standard deviation. For traditional machine learning, five types of features (i.e. gray level co-occurrence matrix, local binary pattern, Gabor, intensity, and Hu-moment) were extracted and fed into three traditional machine learning algorithms (i.e., random forest (RF), neural network, and support vector machine) for detecting lodged plots. For the datasets on each imagery collection date, the accuracies of the three algorithms were not significantly different from each other. For any of the three algorithms, accuracies on the first and last date datasets had the lowest and highest values, respectively. Incorporating standard deviation as a measurement of performance robustness, RF was determined as the most satisfactory. Regarding deep learning, three different convolutional neural networks (simple convolutional neural network, VGG-16, and GoogLeNet) were tested. For any of the single date datasets, GoogLeNet consistently had superior performance over the other two methods. Further comparisons between RF and GoogLeNet demonstrated that the detection accuracies of the two methods were not significantly different from each other (p > 0.05); hence, the choice of any of the two would not affect the final detection accuracies. However, considering the fact that the average accuracy of GoogLeNet (93%) was larger than RF (91%), it was recommended to use GoogLeNet for wheat lodging detection. This research demonstrated that UAS RGB imagery, coupled with the GoogLeNet machine learning algorithm, can be a novel, reliable, objective, simple, low-cost, and effective (accuracy > 90%) tool for wheat lodging detection.

Video-Based Human Activity Recognition for Elderly Using Convolutional Neural Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Vijayaprabakaran K. ◽  
Sathiyamurthy K. ◽  
Ponniamma M.
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Activity Recognition ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Human Vision

A typical healthcare application for elderly people involves monitoring daily activities and providing them with assistance. Automatic analysis and classification of an image by the system is difficult compared to human vision. Several challenging problems for activity recognition from the surveillance video involving the complexity of the scene analysis under observations from irregular lighting and low-quality frames. In this article, the authors system use machine learning algorithms to improve the accuracy of activity recognition. Their system presents a convolutional neural network (CNN), a machine learning algorithm being used for image classification. This system aims to recognize and assist human activities for elderly people using input surveillance videos. The RGB image in the dataset used for training purposes which requires more computational power for classification of the image. By using the CNN network for image classification, the authors obtain a 79.94% accuracy in the experimental part which shows their model obtains good accuracy for image classification when compared with other pre-trained models.

Incremental inputs improve the automated detection of implant loosening using machine-learning algorithms

2020 ◽  
Vol 102-B (6_Supple_A) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Romil F. Shah ◽  
Stefano A. Bini ◽  
Alejandro M. Martinez ◽  
Valentina Pedoia ◽  
Thomas P. Vail
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Prosthetic Loosening

Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a machine-learning algorithm to diagnose prosthetic loosening from preoperative radiographs and to investigate the inputs that might improve its performance. Methods A group of 697 patients underwent a first-time revision of a total hip (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) at our institution between 2012 and 2018. Preoperative anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs, and historical and comorbidity information were collected from their electronic records. Each patient was defined as having loose or fixed components based on the operation notes. We trained a series of convolutional neural network (CNN) models to predict a diagnosis of loosening at the time of surgery from the preoperative radiographs. We then added historical data about the patients to the best performing model to create a final model and tested it on an independent dataset. Results The convolutional neural network we built performed well when detecting loosening from radiographs alone. The first model built de novo with only the radiological image as input had an accuracy of 70%. The final model, which was built by fine-tuning a publicly available model named DenseNet, combining the AP and lateral radiographs, and incorporating information from the patient’s history, had an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 88.3%, 70.2%, and 95.6% on the independent test dataset. It performed better for cases of revision THA with an accuracy of 90.1%, than for cases of revision TKA with an accuracy of 85.8%. Conclusion This study showed that machine learning can detect prosthetic loosening from radiographs. Its accuracy is enhanced when using highly trained public algorithms, and when adding clinical data to the algorithm. While this algorithm may not be sufficient in its present state of development as a standalone metric of loosening, it is currently a useful augment for clinical decision making. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6 Supple A):101–106.

scholarly journals Power Prediction of Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP) Using Machine Learning Algorithm-Based Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Raheel Siddiqui ◽  
Hafeez Anwar ◽  
Farman Ullah ◽  
Rehmat Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Power Prediction ◽  
Boosted Regression Tree ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant

Power prediction is important not only for the smooth and economic operation of a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) but also to avoid technical issues such as power outages. In this work, we propose to utilize machine learning algorithms to predict the hourly-based electrical power generated by a CCPP. For this, the generated power is considered a function of four fundamental parameters which are relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, ambient temperature, and exhaust vacuum. The measurements of these parameters and their yielded output power are used to train and test the machine learning models. The dataset for the proposed research is gathered over a period of six years and taken from a standard and publicly available machine learning repository. The utilized machine algorithms are K -nearest neighbors (KNN), gradient-boosted regression tree (GBRT), linear regression (LR), artificial neural network (ANN), and deep neural network (DNN). We report state-of-the-art performance where GBRT outperforms not only the utilized algorithms but also all the previous methods on the given CCPP dataset. It achieves the minimum values of root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.58 and absolute error (AE) of 1.85.

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