scholarly journals The Impact of Smoking on the Association between Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAS) and Thyroid Hormones: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Analysis

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Maaike van Gerwen ◽  
Naomi Alpert ◽  
Mathilda Alsen ◽  
Kimia Ziadkhanpour ◽  
Emanuela Taioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
National Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Acids ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAS) are known endocrine disrupting chemicals, potentially affecting thyroid function. Smoking has been associated with PFAS levels as well as with thyroid function. The impact of smoking on the association between PFAS and thyroid function remains to be elucidated, so the objective was to assess the effect of PFAS exposure on thyroid function in the general population, stratified by smoking status, using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). NHANES adult participants who were part of the 2011–2012 laboratory subsample and had PFAS and thyroid function measured were included (n = 1325). Adjusted linear regression models and stratified analyses were performed. There was a significant positive association between perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (p = 0.003), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (p = 0.014), total PFAS (p = 0.004) concentrations and free T4 (FT4). No significant associations were found between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), PFOS, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), PFNA, total PFAS and total T4 (TT4) or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). In non-smokers, a significant positive association was found between PFOS (p = 0.003), PFHxS (p = 0.034), PFNA (p = 0.012), total PFAS (p = 0.003) and FT4 while no significant associations were found in smokers. The present study showed that increased PFAS exposure was associated with increased FT4 in non-smokers, while no association was found in smokers. These results confirm that smoking modifies the association between PFAS exposure and thyroid function.

scholarly journals Associations between Macronutrient Intakes and Obesity/Metabolic Risk Phenotypes: Findings of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha-Na Kim ◽  
Sang-Wook Song
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Obesity is a risk factor for many health issues, as are metabolic abnormalities. However, few studies have addressed the associations between obesity/metabolic risk phenotypes and dietary macronutrient intakes (carbohydrate, protein, and fat). Therefore, this study examined the associations between macronutrient intakes and obesity/metabolic risk phenotypes in a Korean population. We used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey of Korean civilians, conducted in 2014 and 2016, and data on a total of 7374 participants were analyzed. Macronutrient intakes were defined as the proportions of energy derived from carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Those exhibiting obesity/metabolic risk phenotypes (or not) were divided into four groups: normal weight without metabolic abnormalities; obese without metabolic abnormalities; normal weight with metabolic abnormalities; and obese with metabolic abnormalities. After adjusting for age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, extent of physical activity, household income, and daily fiber intake, no association was found between the proportions of carbohydrate, protein, or fat intakes and obesity/metabolic risk phenotypes except for a positive association between metabolically healthy but obese status and low protein intake in females. Further studies are required to evaluate the effects of macronutrient intakes on obesity/metabolic risk phenotypes and associated health outcomes.

An overview of body weight of older persons, including the impact on mortality The national health and nutrition examination survey i-epidemiologic follow-up study

1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 743-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan C. Cornoni-Huntley ◽  
Tamara B. Harris ◽  
Donald F. Everett ◽  
Demetrius Albanes ◽  
Marc S. Micozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
National Health ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Findings from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014 support salad consumption as an effective strategy for improving adherence to dietary recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 976-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhonda S Sebastian ◽  
Cecilia Wilkinson Enns ◽  
Joseph D Goldman ◽  
M Katherine Hoy ◽  
Alanna J Moshfegh
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Study Results

AbstractObjectiveTo verify the previously untested assumption that eating more salad enhances vegetable intake and determine if salad consumption is in fact associated with higher vegetable intake and greater adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations.DesignIndividuals were classified as salad reporters or non-reporters based upon whether they consumed a salad composed primarily of raw vegetables on the intake day. Regression analyses were applied to calculate adjusted estimates of food group intakes and assess the likelihood of meeting Healthy US-Style Food Pattern recommendations by salad reporting status.SettingCross-sectional analysis of data collected in 2011–2014 in What We Eat in America, the dietary intake component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ParticipantsUS adults (n 9678) aged ≥20 years (excluding pregnant and lactating women).ResultsOn the intake day, 23 % of adults ate salad. The proportion of individuals reporting salad varied by sex, age, race, income, education and smoking status (P<0·001). Compared with non-reporters, salad reporters consumed significantly larger quantities of vegetables (total, dark green, red/orange and other), which translated into a two- to threefold greater likelihood of meeting recommendations for these food groups. More modest associations were observed between salad consumption and differences in intake and likelihood of meeting recommendations for protein foods (total and seafood), oils and refined grains.ConclusionsStudy results confirm the DGA message that incorporating more salads in the diet is one effective strategy (among others, such as eating more cooked vegetables) to augment vegetable consumption and adherence to dietary recommendations concerning vegetables.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Periodontitis and its Association with Reduced Pulmonary Function: Results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee ◽  
Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
National Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Current Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Periodontal Index

Background and Objectives: The current study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of periodontitis and to examine the association between reduced pulmonary function and periodontitis using Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2014. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional evaluation was conducted to estimate the prevalence of periodontitis and to examine the association between periodontitis and reduced pulmonary function while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and current smoking status in survey participants between 40 and 79 years old. The presence of periodontitis was evaluated by community periodontal index defined by the World Health Organization, and the assessments of reduced pulmonary function data were made as “normal,” “restrictive impairment,” or “obstructive impairment.” Results: A total of 4004 survey participants representing 25.4 million Koreans were included in the study. Overall, 41.1% of the study population were determined to have periodontitis, and 22.1% had reduced pulmonary function; 7.9% and 14.2% had restrictive- and obstructive- pulmonary impairments, respectively. Age, male gender, and current smoking status were positive predictors for periodontitis. Insurance coverage by workplace and higher education were protective factors against periodontitis. The association between periodontitis and restrictive impairment (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.059, 95% CI 0.729–1.540) or obstructive impairment (adjusted OR = 1.140, 95% CI 0.849–1.530) was not significant. Conclusions: For Koreans, 40–79 years old, age, smoking status, gender, education, and insurance coverage were significant predictors of periodontitis. The prevalence of periodontitis was not significantly associated with reduced pulmonary function. To better understand the relationship between periodontitis and reduced pulmonary function, well-designed and larger scale epidemiologic studies are needed.

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