scholarly journals The Prevalence of Inorganic Mercury in Human Kidneys Suggests a Role for Toxic Metals in Essential Hypertension

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Roger Pamphlett ◽  
Philip A. Doble ◽  
David P. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Inorganic Mercury ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Icp Ms

The kidney plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, but the initial pathogenic events in the kidney leading to hypertension are not known. Exposure to mercury has been linked to many diseases including hypertension in epidemiological and experimental studies, so we studied the distribution and prevalence of mercury in the human kidney. Paraffin sections of kidneys were available from 129 people ranging in age from 1 to 104 years who had forensic/coronial autopsies. One individual had injected himself with metallic mercury, the other 128 were from varied clinicopathological backgrounds without known exposure to mercury. Sections were stained for inorganic mercury using autometallography. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used on six samples to confirm the presence of autometallography-detected mercury and to look for other toxic metals. In the 128 people without known mercury exposure, mercury was found in: (1) proximal tubules of the cortex and Henle thin loops of the medulla, in 25% of kidneys (and also in the man who injected himself with mercury), (2) proximal tubules only in 16% of kidneys, and (3) Henle thin loops only in 23% of kidneys. The age-related proportion of people who had any mercury in their kidney was 0% at 1–20 years, 66% at 21–40 years, 77% at 41–60 years, 84% at 61–80 years, and 64% at 81–104 years. LA-ICP-MS confirmed the presence of mercury in samples staining with autometallography and showed cadmium, lead, iron, nickel, and silver in some kidneys. In conclusion, mercury is found commonly in the adult human kidney, where it appears to accumulate in proximal tubules and Henle thin loops until an advanced age. Dysfunctions of both these cortical and medullary regions have been implicated in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, so these findings suggest that further studies of the effects of mercury on blood pressure are warranted.

scholarly journals Mercury in Pancreatic Cells of People with and without Pancreatic Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8990
Author(s):  
Roger Pamphlett ◽  
Andrew J. Colebatch ◽  
Philip A. Doble ◽  
David P. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Inorganic Mercury ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Human Pancreas ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Pancreatic Cells ◽  
Cadmium Lead

Toxic metals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Human exposure to mercury is widespread, but it is not known how often mercury is present in the human pancreas and which cells might contain mercury. We therefore aimed to determine, in people with and without pancreatic cancer, the distribution and prevalence of mercury in pancreatic cells. Paraffin-embedded sections of normal pancreatic tissue were obtained from pancreatectomy samples of 45 people who had pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and from autopsy samples of 38 people without pancreatic cancer. Mercury was identified using two methods of elemental bio-imaging: (1) With autometallography, inorganic mercury was seen in islet cells in 14 of 30 males (47%) with pancreatic cancer compared to two of 17 males (12%) without pancreatic cancer (p = 0.024), and in 10 of 15 females (67%) with pancreatic cancer compared to four of 21 females (19%) without pancreatic cancer (p = 0.006). Autometallographic mercury was present in acinar cells in 24% and in periductal cells in 11% of people with pancreatic cancer, but not in those without pancreatic cancer. (2) Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of mercury in islets that stained with autometallography and detected cadmium, lead, chromium, iron, nickel and aluminium in some samples. In conclusion, the genotoxic metal mercury is found in normal pancreatic cells in more people with, than without, pancreatic cancer. These findings support the hypothesis that toxic metals such as mercury contribute to the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer.

scholarly journals Profiling metals in Cordyceps sinensis by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 724-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wei ◽  
Hankun Hu ◽  
Baogeng Zheng ◽  
Zikri Arslan ◽  
Hung-Chung Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Cordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
First Time ◽  
Assay Protocol

In this work an assay protocol based on the ICP-MS technique was developed and validated to simultaneously determine 24 essential, non-essential, and toxic metals for the first time in C. sinensis.

scholarly journals Finding Nano: Challenges Involved in Monitoring the Presence and Fate of Engineered Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environments

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Simone Heilgeist ◽  
Ryo Sekine ◽  
Oz Sahin ◽  
Rodney A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Modelling Studies

In recent years, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has increasingly been used as an inorganic ultraviolet (UV) filter for sun protection. However, nano-TiO2 may also pose risks to the health of humans and the environment. Thus, to adequately assess its potential adverse effects, a comprehensive understanding of the behaviour and fate of TiO2 in different environments is crucial. Advances in analytical and modelling methods continue to improve researchers’ ability to quantify and determine the state of nano-TiO2 in various environments. However, due to the complexity of environmental and nanoparticle factors and their interplay, this remains a challenging and poorly resolved feat. This paper aims to provide a focused summary of key particle and environmental characteristics that influence the behaviour and fate of sunscreen-derived TiO2 in swimming pool water and natural aquatic environments and to review the current state-of-the-art of single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) approaches to detect and characterise TiO2 nanoparticles in aqueous media. Furthermore, it critically analyses the capability of existing fate and transport models to predict environmental TiO2 levels. Four particle and environmental key factors that govern the fate and behaviour of TiO2 in aqueous environments are identified. A comparison of SP-ICP-MS studies reveals that it remains challenging to detect and characterise engineered TiO2 nanoparticles in various matrices and highlights the need for the development of new SP-ICP-MS pre-treatment and analysis approaches. This review shows that modelling studies are an essential addition to experimental studies, but they still lack in spatial and temporal resolution and mostly exclude surface transformation processes. Finally, this study identifies the use of Bayesian Network-based models as an underexplored but promising modelling tool to overcome data uncertainties and incorporates interconnected variables.

scholarly journals Determination of 11 minerals in children using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Li ◽  
Chunnan Wang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Xusheng Zhao ◽  
Na Li
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Laboratory Examinations

Abstract Background Minerals play an important role in children’s growth and cognition. In this study, our aim was to establish reference intervals of mineral level in Children of Liaoning province (China) and provide a reliable basis for future preventive healthcare guidelines. Methods Random samples of 2217 healthy children aged 0–15 years who were referred for routine hospital laboratory examinations in the cities of Shenyang, Fushun, Fuxin, Benxi, Chaoyang and Lingyuan were invited to participate in the study. Serum levels of Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Magnesium (Mg), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Selenium (Se), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), and Lithium (Li) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS). Results Sex-related significant differences in the serum concentrations of the Mg and Cu (P < 0.05). Age-related significant differences were found in serum levels of Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg, Cu and Mn (P < 0.05) and the concentrations of 9 minerals (Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn,Se,Hg,Ni,Co and Li in serum varied from season to season (P < 0.05). The Spearman correlation matrix of 11 minerals was shown as a heat map, the correlations between Ca-Zn, Ca-Mg, Fe-Zn, Fe-Se, Mn-Ni, Se-Hg, Se-Ni, Hg-Ni, and Ni-Co, Ni-Li were the strongest compared with others. Conclusions The reference intervals of serum 11 minerals for children should considering the sex, age and season, which may be useful for decisive diagnoses of abnormality of the 11minerals and the related diseases.

Immobilization of uranium by phosphate and carbonate crystallization as an improvement of engineering barriers.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinat Gabitov ◽  
Artas Migdisov ◽  
Nguyen Anh ◽  
Jimenez Angel ◽  
Van Hartesveldt Noah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Uranium Content ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
Carbonate Minerals ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Uranium Uptake

&lt;p&gt;Studies on incorporation of radionuclides into the crystal structures of phosphate minerals strongly indicate that uranium and its mobile fission products can be efficiently immobilized through uptake from aqueous solution by formation of phosphate and carbonate minerals. Aiming at development of a new engineered backfill material, we have investigated uptake of uranium at a range of temperatures similar to those expected at waste repository sites, where thermal peak of the waste package (heated by radioactive decay) is ~300&amp;#176;C (Greenburg and Wen 2013). The available literature data on uranium uptake by phosphates are limited to ambient temperatures (e.g. Arey et al. 1999), and to our best knowledge no experimental studies on uranium uptake by phosphates and carbonate at hydrothermal conditions have been performed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Experiments were conducted in the autoclaves at saturated water pressure and 200-350&amp;#176;C, where metastable phosphate (brushite) and carbonate (aragonite) were transformed to apatite/monetite and calcite in NaCl solutions. Uranium was introduced into autoclave in separate tubes in the forms of U&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt; and UO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; in experiments at reduced and oxidized conditions. Oxidation state of dissolved uranium (U&lt;sup&gt;4+&lt;/sup&gt; or U&lt;sup&gt;6+&lt;/sup&gt;) was controlled by addition of solid redox buffers into autoclaves.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;X-ray diffraction (XRD) and backscattered electron diffraction (EBSD) of crystalline products allowed estimation of mineral transformation rate. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and laser ablation ICP-MS allowed obtaining uranium content in crystals and its concentration in co-existed solution. Partition coefficient (D) of uranium was calculated as the ratio of uranium content in the solid to uranium concentration in the solution. Selected solids were examined with synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Overall, our results showed: 1) brushite transforms to monetite and apatite mixture during 6 days, but up to 1 month is required for complete transformation to apatite; 2) mineralogy of the final phase (monetite or hydroxyapatite) depends on ionic strength of the solution (confirmed by thermodynamic calculations); 3) uranium is compatible with phosphate and carbonate minerals, where D could be as high as 1000; 4) uptake of U&lt;sup&gt;4+&lt;/sup&gt; by calcite is higher than that of U&lt;sup&gt;6+&lt;/sup&gt; by up to a factor of 100; 5) uranium incorporates into calcite structure as U&lt;sup&gt;6+&lt;/sup&gt; at oxidized conditions. Additional analyses are pending and results will be presented at EGU meeting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;References&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Arey J.S., Seaman J.C., and Bertsch P.M. (1999) Environ. Sci. Technol.&amp;#160; 33, 337-342.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Greenburg H.R. and Wen J. (2013) LLNL-TR639869-DRAFT, 38.&lt;/p&gt;

Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Investigating Nonlinear Response Observed in Pulse Counting Mode and Extending the Linear Dynamic Range by Compensating for Dead Time Related Count Losses on a Microsecond Timescale

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Strenge ◽  
Carsten Engelhard
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Linear Dynamic Range ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

<p>The article demonstrates the importance of using a suitable approach to compensate for dead time relate count losses (a certain measurement artefact) whenever short, but potentially strong transient signals are to be analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Findings strongly support the theory that inadequate time resolution, and therefore insufficient compensation for these count losses, is one of the main reasons for size underestimation observed when analysing inorganic nanoparticles using ICP-MS, a topic still controversially discussed.</p>

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