scholarly journals Ocean Warming May Enhance Biochemical Alterations Induced by an Invasive Seaweed Exudate in the Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Hugo C. Vieira ◽  
Andreia C. M. Rodrigues ◽  
Sílvia F. S. Pires ◽  
Jacinta M. M. Oliveira ◽  
Rui J. M. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Invasive Seaweed ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Ocean warming and biological invasions are among the most pervasive factors threatening coastal ecosystems with a potential to interact. Ongoing temperature rise may affect physiological and cellular mechanisms in marine organisms. Moreover, non-indigenous species spread has been a major challenge to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. The invasive red seaweed Asparagopsis armata has become successfully established in Europe. Its exudate has been considered deleterious to surrounding native species, but no information exists on its effect under forecasted temperature increase. This study evaluated the combined effects of temperature rise and A. armata exudate exposure on the native mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Oxidative stress, neurophysiological and metabolism related biomarkers were evaluated after a 96 h-exposure to exudate (0% and 2%) under present (20 °C) and warming (24 °C) temperature scenarios. Short-term exposure to A. armata exudate affected the oxidative stress status and neurophysiology of the mussels, with a tendency to an increasing toxic action under warming. Significant oxidative damage at protein level was observed in the digestive gland and muscle of individuals exposed simultaneously to the exudate and temperature rise. Thus, under a climate change scenario, it may be expected that prolonged exposure to the combined action of both stressors may compromise M. galloprovincialis fitness and survival.

scholarly journals Understanding The Role Of Oxidative Stress In The Incidence Of Metabolic Syndrome And Obstructive Sleep Apnea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam KARGAR ◽  
Zahra ZAMANIAN ◽  
Majid Bagheri HOSSEINABADI ◽  
Vahid Gharibi ◽  
Mohammad Sanyar MORADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Background: Understanding the causes and risk factors of metabolic syndrome is important for promoting population health. Oxidative stress has been associated with metabolic syndrome, and also obstructive sleep apnea. These are two diseases which have common prognostic characteristics for heart disease. The aim of this study was to examine the role of oxidative stress in the concurrent presence of metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea in a working population. Methods: Participants were 163 artisan bakers in Shahroud, Iran, routinely exposed to oxidative stress indicators on a daily basis as part of their work. Using a cross-sectional design, data relevant to determining metabolic syndrome status according to International Diabetes Federation criteria, and the presence of obstructive sleep apnea according to the STOP-Bang score, was collected. Analyses included hierarchical binary logistic regression to yield predictors of the two diseases. Results: Logistic regression showed that oxidative stress – alongside obesity, no regular exercise, and smoking – was an independent predictor of metabolic syndrome, but not obstructive sleep apnea. Participants who were obese were 28 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome (OR 28.59, 95% CI 4.91-63.02) and 44 times more likely to have obstructive sleep apnea (OR 44.48, 95% CI 4.91-403.28). Participants meeting metabolic syndrome criteria had significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde (p < 0.05) than those who did not. No difference in oxidative stress index levels were found according to obstructive sleep apnea status. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that oxidative stress contributes to the onset of metabolic syndrome, and that obstructive sleep apnea is involved in oxidative stress. Whilst obesity, exercise, and smoking remain important targets for reducing the incidence of metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea, policies to control risks of prolonged exposure to oxidative stress are also relevant in occupations where such environmental conditions exist.

scholarly journals Seasonal and bathymetric effects on macrofouling invertebrates’ primary succession in a mediterraenan non-indigenous species hotspot area

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 572 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCO LEZZI ◽  
ADRIANA GIANGRANDE
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Primary Succession ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Non Indigenous Species

The present study investigates macrofouling development in the Mar Grande of Taranto (Central Mediterranean Sea), a wide confined area that has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to the establishment of numerous non-indigenous species (NIS). Different starting times of a yearly primary succession on artificial substrates were tracked so as to investigate the matching of the development pattern with contingency and/or convergence models, identifying NIS’s structural role in the community endpoint. Our results show that during the experiment all assemblages tended to converge towards multiple contingent communities according to starting times and depths. The differences are due to propagule availability which influence further species interactions. Thus the endpoint patterns are defined by a contingent community development determined by the seasonal species pool, their phenologies, pre- and post-settlement events, and species interactions. The most important structuring species was Mytilus galloprovincialis, which was present in almost all the endpoint assemblages, in particular when it recruits at early stages of the community development. Another abundant species at the endpoint was the alien Branchiomma boholense; which was a persistent structural component contributing to an alternative state in which Mytilus galloprovincialis loses its structural importance and where B. boholense becomes dominant, leading to an increase in fouling biodiversity of the endpoint assemblage.

scholarly journals The Possible Role of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 on Locomotor Activity and Oxidative Stress in a Rotenone-Induced Zebrafish Model of Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie ◽  
Emanuela Paduraru ◽  
Madalina-Andreea Robea ◽  
Ioana-Miruna Balmus ◽  
Roxana Jijie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group

Background. As every organ within the body, the brain is also extremely susceptible to a plethora of noxious agents that change its chemistry. One component frequently found in current products against harmful species to crops is rotenone whose effect under prolonged exposure has been demonstrated to cause neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. The latest reports have indeed revealed that rotenone promotes Parkinson’s in humans, but studies aiming to show congruent effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) are lacking. Material and Methods. In this context, the aim of the present study was to demonstrate how chronic administration of rotenone for 3 weeks impairs the locomotor activity and sociability and induces oxidative stress in zebrafish. Results. There were no statistically significant differences following the analysis of their social interaction and locomotor tests ( p > 0.05 ). However, several exceptions have been noted in the control, rotenone, and probiotics groups when we compared their locomotor activity during the pretreatment and treatment interval ( p < 0.05 ). We further assessed the role of rotenone in disturbing the detoxifying system as represented by three enzymes known as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Despite the fact that there were no statistically significant changes within SOD and GPx levels between the control group and rotenone, probiotics, and rotenone + probiotics ( p > 0.05 ), relevant changes have been observed between the analyzed groups ( p < 0.05 and p < 0.005 , respectively). On the other hand, significant differences ( p < 0.05 ) have been observed for MDA when we analyzed the data between the control group and the other three groups. Conclusions. Our results suggest that rotenone can be successfully used to trigger Parkinson’s disease-related symptomatology in zebrafish.

scholarly journals Tris(2-chloroethyl) Phosphate (TCEP) Elicits Hepatotoxicity by Activating Human Cancer Pathway Genes in HepG2 Cells

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. Al-Salem ◽  
Quaiser Saquib ◽  
Maqsood A. Siddiqui ◽  
Javed Ahmad ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Cancer Pathways ◽  
Qpcr Array ◽  
Organophosphorus Flame Retardants ◽  
Key Genes

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is one of the organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) used in consumer commodities and have been detected in human body fluids. Research on TCEP-induced transcriptomic alterations and toxicological consequences in liver cells is still lacking. Herein, human hepatocellular (HepG2) cells were treated with 100, 200, and 400 μM TCEP for 3 days to quantify hepatotoxicity by MTT, NRU, and comet assays. Apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), oxidative stress, and Ca2+ influx were measured by flow cytometry. A qPCR array was employed for transcriptomic analysis. MTT and NRU data showed 70.92% and 75.57% reduction in cell survival at 400 μM. In addition, 20-fold greater DNA damage was recorded at 400 μM. Cell cycle data showed 65.96% subG1 apoptotic peak in 400 μM treated cells. An elevated level of oxidative stress, esterase, Ca2+ influx, and ΔΨm dysfunction were recorded in TCEP-treated cells. Out of 84 genes, the qPCR array showed upregulation of 17 genes and downregulation of 10 key genes belonging to human cancer pathways. Our study endorses the fact that TCEP possesses hepatotoxic potential at higher concentrations and prolonged exposure. Hence, TCEP may act as a cancer-inducing entity by provoking the gene network of human cancer pathways.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Short-Term Exposure to Lead on the Levels of Essential Metal Ions, Selected Proteins Related to Them, and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Humans

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Dobrakowski ◽  
Marta Boroń ◽  
Ewa Birkner ◽  
Aleksandra Kasperczyk ◽  
Ewa Chwalińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Parameters

The present study was designed to explore the possible influence of subacute exposure to lead on the levels of selected essential metals, selected proteins related to them, and oxidative stress parameters in occupationally exposed workers. The study population included 36 males occupationally exposed to lead for 36 to 44 days. Their blood lead level at the beginning of the study was 10.7 ± 7.67 μg/dl and increased to the level of 49.1 ± 14.1 μg/dl at the end of the study. The levels of calcium, magnesium, and zinc increased significantly after lead exposure compared to baseline by 3%, 3%, and 8%, respectively, while the level of copper decreased significantly by 7%. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) did not change due to lead exposure. However, the level of lipid hydroperoxides (LPH) in serum increased significantly by 46%, while the level of erythrocyte lipofuscin (LPS) decreased by 13%. The serum levels of essential metals are modified by a short-term exposure to lead in occupationally exposed workers. A short-term exposure to lead induces oxidative stress associated with elevated levels of LPH but not MDA.

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