scholarly journals Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Antimicrobial α-Helical Peptides Found in Solitary Wasp Venoms and Their Interactions with Model Membranes

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Perez dos Santos Cabrera ◽  
Marisa Rangel ◽  
João Ruggiero Neto ◽  
Katsuhiro Konno
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Wasp Venom ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Helical Peptides ◽  
Solitary Wasp ◽  
Peptide Component ◽  
Wasp Venoms

Solitary wasps use their stinging venoms for paralyzing insect or spider prey and feeding them to their larvae. We have surveyed bioactive substances in solitary wasp venoms, and found antimicrobial peptides together with some other bioactive peptides. Eumenine mastoparan-AF (EMP-AF) was the first to be found from the venom of the solitary eumenine wasp Anterhynchium flavomarginatum micado, showing antimicrobial, histamine-releasing, and hemolytic activities, and adopting an α-helical secondary structure under appropriate conditions. Further survey of solitary wasp venom components revealed that eumenine wasp venoms contained such antimicrobial α-helical peptides as the major peptide component. This review summarizes the results obtained from the studies of these peptides in solitary wasp venoms and some analogs from the viewpoint of (1) chemical and biological characterization; (2) physicochemical properties and secondary structure; and (3) channel-like pore-forming properties.

scholarly journals Physicochemical characterisation of kafirins extracted from sorghum grain and dried distillers grain with solubles related to their biomaterial functionality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Shah ◽  
Deepak Dwivedi ◽  
Mark Hackett ◽  
Hani Al-Salami ◽  
Ranjeet P. Utikar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Distillers Grain ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Dried Distillers Grain ◽  
Polypeptide Profile

AbstractKafirin, the hydrophobic prolamin storage protein in sorghum grain is enriched when the grain is used for bioethanol production to give dried distillers grain with solubles (DGGS) as a by-product. There is great interest in DDGS kafirin as a new source for biomaterials. There is however a lack of fundamental understanding of how the physicochemical properties of DDGS kafirin having been exposed to the high temperature conditions during ethanol production, compare to kafirin made directly from the grain. An understanding of these properties is required to catalyse the utilisation of DDGS kafirin for biomaterial applications. The aim of this study was to extract kafirin directly from sorghum grain and from DDGS derived from the same grain and, then perform a comparative investigation of the physicochemical properties of these kafirins in terms of: polypeptide profile by sodium-dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; secondary structure by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction, self-assembly behaviour by small-angle x-ray scattering, surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy and surface chemical properties by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. DDGS kafirin was found to have very similar polypeptide profile as grain kafirin but contained altered secondary structure with increased levels of β-sheets. The structure morphology showed surface fractals and surface elemental composition suggesting enhanced reactivity with possibility to endow interfacial wettability. These properties of DDGS kafirin may provide it with unique functionality and thus open up opportunities for it to be used as a novel food grade biomaterial.

scholarly journals Enhancing the mechanical properties and cytocompatibility of magnesium potassium phosphate cement by incorporating oxygen-carboxymethyl chitosan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changtian Gong ◽  
Shuo Fang ◽  
Kezhou Xia ◽  
Jingteng Chen ◽  
Liangyu Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement

Abstract Incorporating bioactive substances into synthetic bioceramic scaffolds is challenging. In this work, oxygen-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC), a natural biopolymer that is nontoxic, biodegradable and biocompatible, was introduced into magnesium potassium phosphate cement (K-struvite) to enhance its mechanical properties and cytocompatibility. This study aimed to develop O-CMC/magnesium potassium phosphate composite bone cement (OMPC), thereby combining the optimum bioactivity of O-CMC with the extraordinary self-setting properties and mechanical intensity of the K-struvite. Our results indicated that O-CMC incorporation increased the compressive strength and setting time of K-struvite and decreased its porosity and pH value. Furthermore, OMPC scaffolds remarkably improved the proliferation, adhesion and osteogenesis related differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Therefore, O-CMC introduced suitable physicochemical properties to K-struvite and enhanced its cytocompatibility for use in bone regeneration.

scholarly journals In Silico Bioactive Peptide Prediction from The Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Edible Seaweed Rubisco Large Chain

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 615-625
Author(s):  
Ayse Kose
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Bioactive Peptide ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Edible Seaweed ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Peptide Prediction ◽  
Ancient Food

Seaweeds are one of the ancient food supplements on Earth. Especially Asian countries use seaweeds as the fundamental ingredient in their cuisine. Seaweeds are photosynthetic organisms living in aquatic ecosystems and in the coastal territories. Seaweeds out of farm areas are frequently observed as coastal wastes. However, seaweeds are outstanding sources for bioactive substances and investigation bioactive properties of seaweed RuBisCO has never been done. RuBisCO is the most abundant protein on Earth but a vast amount of RuBisCO goes through waste. In this study, bioactive peptide prediction of frequently consumed seaweed RuBisCO proteins were analyzed in silico to identify possible bioactive peptides as substitute or support for grain, meat, and dairy based bioactive peptides. A huge portion of peptides were di-, tri- peptides with IC50 values less than 300 µM according to the comparison of BIOPEP database. Including gastric digestion, more than half of the peptides showed DDP-IV and ACE inhibitory activity followed by antioxidant properties. Also, novel antiinflammatory and anti-cancer peptides were found through in silico analysis.

scholarly journals Peptide Toxins in Solitary Wasp Venoms

Toxins ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiro Konno ◽  
Kohei Kazuma ◽  
Ken-ichi Nihei
Keyword(s):  
Solitary Wasp ◽  
Peptide Toxins ◽  
Wasp Venoms

Bioinformatic Analysis and Characteristics of Glycoprotein L(gL) Encoded by UL1 Gene of Duck Plague Virus

2013 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
Ling Jie Zuo ◽  
An Chun Cheng ◽  
Ming Shu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Alpha Helix ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Random Coil ◽  
Phosphorylation Sites ◽  
Duck Plague Virus ◽  
Online Tools ◽  
Glycosylation Sites

Glycoprotein L(gL) is encoded by UL1 gene of duck plague virus (DPV). Through predicting and analyzing the structure and physicochemical properties of DPV gL protein by using some software and online tools to gain more information of DPV gL protein. The phylogenetic tree shows that DPV gL protein has close evolutionary relationship with the genus Simplexvirus. The online analysis of the physicochemical properties demonstrates that the protein has ten potential phosphorylation sites and five potential O-linked glycosylation sites, and without both the signal peptide and the transmembrance region. In addition, the subcellular localization of gL protein largely locates at mitochondrial with 47.8%. The secondary structure results reveal that random coil dominate among secondary structure elements followed by alpha helix, extended strand and β-turn for all sequences. All the data will help a basis for further functional and physiological features study of the DPV gL protein.

Bioinformatics Analysis and Characteristics of Ser/Thr Protein Kinase Encoded by UL13 Gene of Duck Plague Virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 617-627
Author(s):  
Xi Xia Hu ◽  
An Chun Cheng ◽  
Ming Shu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Alpha Helix ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Online Tools ◽  
Multiple Sequences ◽  
Sequences Alignment

This report showed some physicochemical properties and structural features about DPV-UL13 protein predicted by some software and online tools. The online analysis of the physicochemical properties demonstrates that the protein has thirty-four potential phosphorylation sites when the threshold of prediction score is above 0.5 and both the signal peptide and the transmembrance region are not found. In addition, the protein has hydrophilic amine acid districts more than hydrophobic districts and subcellular localization largely locates at mitochondrial with 43.5%. The secondary structure results revealed that random coils dominated among secondary structure elements followed by alpha helix and extended strand. The phylogenetic tree shows that DPV-UL13 protein has close evolutionary relationship with the genus Mardivirus. And the multiple sequences alignment of UL13 protein in 156-436 sequence among DPV, HSV-1 and Mardivirus genus suggests highly conserved characteristic. These analysis surpports the guess that DPV-UL13 product may be a Ser/Thr protein kinase. All the data will be a basis for the further functional study of the DPV-UL13 protein.

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