scholarly journals Toxic Potential and Metabolic Profiling of Two Australian Biotypes of the Invasive Plant Parthenium Weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.)

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Ali Ahsan Bajwa ◽  
Paul A. Weston ◽  
Saliya Gurusinghe ◽  
Sajid Latif ◽  
Steve W. Adkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Parthenium Weed

Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) is an invasive plant species in around 50 countries and a ‘Weed of National Significance’ in Australia. This study investigated the relative toxicity of the leaf, shoot and root extracts of two geographically separate and morphologically distinct biotypes of parthenium weed in Queensland, Australia. Parthenium weed exhibited higher phytotoxic, cytotoxic and photocytotoxic activity in leaf tissue extracts in contrast to shoot and root. The germination and seedling growth of a dicot species (garden cress) were inhibited more than those of a monocot species (annual ryegrass) using a phytotoxicity bioassay. The cytotoxicity of leaf extracts was assessed in a mouse fibroblast cell suspension assay and increased under high ultraviolet A(UV-A) radiation. A major secondary metabolite, parthenin, was found in abundance in leaf extracts and was positively correlated with cytotoxicity but not with photocytotoxicity or phytotoxicity. Ambrosin and chlorogenic acid were also detected and were positively correlated with germination inhibition and the inhibition of radicle elongation, respectively. In addition, other currently unidentified compounds in the leaf extracts were positively correlated with phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity and photocytotoxicity with two to three molecules strongly correlated in each case. Both parthenium weed biotypes investigated did not differ with respect to their relative toxicity, despite their reported differences in invasive potential in the field. This suggests that secondary chemistry plays a limited role in their invasion success.

Relative phytotoxicity of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) residues on the seedling growth of a range of Australian native and introduced species

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyang Shi ◽  
Steve Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Lettuce Seedling ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Parthenium Weed

The invasive herbaceous species Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as parthenium weed has rapidly become a significant weed in more than 30 countries. Parthenium weed litter taken from the introduced biotypes was relatively more phytotoxic than that taken from biotypes coming from the native range when tested on lettuce and this may indicate one reason for invasion success. However, no significant difference was observed in phytotoxicity to lettuce seedling growth when two Australian biotypes of parthenium weed were compared, one invasive and one non-invasive, indicating that invasiveness was not associated with litter phytotoxicity in all cases. Residue from the invasive parthenium weed biotype had a greater phytotoxic effect upon Australian native pasture grass species relative to the introduced pasture grass species with buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) and bull Mitchell grass (Astreble sequarrosa C.E.Hubb) showing the greatest tolerance to parthenium weed phytochemicals. When compared with residue taken from plants that has a range of phytotoxic capacity, parthenium weed residue was considered to be only moderately phytotoxic suggesting that the phytotoxicity of its residue may not be the main reason for the plants invasive trait.

Survival and Function of Fibroblasts Stored as Stock Cultures at a Non-freezing Temperature

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
Anders H. G. Andrén ◽  
Anders P. Wieslander
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Toxic Response ◽  
Normal Manner ◽  
And Function

Cytotoxicity, measured as inhibition of cell growth of cultured cell lines, is a widely used method for testing the safety of biomaterials and chemicals. One major technical disadvantage with this method is the continuous routine maintenance of the cell lines. We decided to investigate the possibility of storing stock cultures of fibroblasts (L-929) in an ordinary refrigerator as a means of reducing the routine workload. Stock cultures of the mouse fibroblast cell line L-929 were prepared in plastic vials with Eagle's minimum essential medium. The vials were stored in a refrigerator at 4–10°C for periods of 7–31 days. The condition of the cells after storage was determined as cell viability, cell growth and the toxic response to acrylamide, measured as cell growth inhibition. We found that the L-929 cell line can be stored for 2–3, weeks with a viabilty > 90% and a cell growth of about 95%, compared to L-929 cells grown and subcultured in the normal manner. The results also show that the toxic response to acrylamide, using refrigerator stored L-929 cells, corresponds to that of control L-929 cells. We concluded that it is possible to store L-929 cells in a refrigerator for periods of up to 3 weeks and still use the cells for in vitro cytotoxic assays.

scholarly journals A Proposed Fabrication Method of Novel PCL-GEL-HAp Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 096369351001900 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hamlekhan ◽  
M. Mozafari ◽  
N. Nezafati ◽  
M. Azami ◽  
H. Hadipour
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Fabrication Method ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Poly Caprolactone

In this study, poly(∊-caprolactone) (PCL), gelatin (GEL) and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp) was applied to fabricate novel PCL-GEL-HAp nanaocomposite scaffolds through a new fabrication method. With the aim of finding the best fabrication method, after testing different methods and solvents, the best method and solvents were found, and the nanocomposites were prepared through layer solvent casting combined with freeze-drying. Acetone and distillated water were used as the PCL and GEL solvents, respectively. The mechanical test showed that the increasing of the PCL weight through the scaffolds caused the improvement of the final nanocomposite mechanical behavior due to the increasing of the ultimate stress, stiffness and elastic modulus (8 MPa for 0% wt PCL to 23.5 MPa for 50% wt PCL). The biomineralization investigation of the scaffolds revealed the formation of bone-like apatite layers after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). In addition, the in vitro cytotoxity of the scaffolds using L929 mouse fibroblast cell line (ATCC) indicated no sign of toxicity. These results indicated that the fabricated scaffold possesses the prerequisites for bone tissue engineering applications.

Rosette formation by a mouse fibroblast cell line

Nature ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 248 (5448) ◽  
pp. 514-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. ELLIOTT ◽  
R. S. KERBEL ◽  
B. J. PHILLIPS
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Rosette Formation ◽  
Fibroblast Cell Line ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast Cell Line

Sodium affinity of brain Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase is dependent on isozyme and environment of the pump

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. C803-C811 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Brodsky ◽  
G. Guidotti
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Synaptic Plasma Membranes ◽  
Apparent Dissociation Constant ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast Cell Line

The sodium affinities for the two forms of the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in brain were characterized. To mimic physiological conditions, synaptosomes, which are pinched off presynaptic nerve termini, were used. Examination of the pump in vitro was performed by preparing synaptic plasma membranes (SPMs). It was first shown that synaptosomes contain the two forms of the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, alpha 1 and alpha 2, and that these forms have markedly different affinities for the inhibitory cardiac glycoside ouabain. The apparent dissociation constant (K0.5) of alpha 1 for sodium changed from 12 to 9 mM when going from synaptosomes to membranes. For alpha 2, however, a shift from 36 to 12.5 mM was evident. The conclusion is that in vivo alpha 2 exists as a low sodium affinity species but can be altered to a high-affinity form simply by vesicle disruption. By comparison, the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase from the mouse fibroblast cell line, 3T3-F442A cells, expressed only the alpha 1-isozyme, as shown by immunoblotting and by measurement of its ouabain and sodium affinities. The physiological relevance of these observations is also presented.

Prolonged survival of mice with glioma injected intracerebrally with double cytokine—secreting cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1038-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Lichtor ◽  
Roberta P. Glick ◽  
Tae Sung Kim ◽  
Roger Hand ◽  
Edward P. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Glioma Cell Line ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ifn Γ

✓ A novel approach toward the treatment of glioma was developed in a murine model. The genes for both interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were first transfected into a mouse fibroblast cell line that expresses defined major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants (H—2k). The double cytokine—secreting cells were then cotransplanted intracerebrally with the Gl261 murine glioma cell line into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice (H—2b) whose cells differed at the MHC from the cellular immunogen. The results indicate that the survival of mice with glioma injected with the cytokine-secreting allogeneic cells was significantly prolonged, relative to the survival of mice receiving equivalent numbers of glioma cells alone. Using a standard 51Cr-release assay, the specific release of isotope from labeled Gl261 cells coincubated with spleen cells from mice injected intracerebrally with the glioma cells and the cytokine-secreting fibroblasts was significantly higher than the release of isotope from glioma cells coincubated with spleen cells from nonimmunized mice. The cellular antiglioma response was mediated by natural killer/lymphokine-activated killer and Lyt-2.2+ (CD8+) cells. The increased survival of mice with glioma and the specific immunocytotoxic responses after immunization with fibroblasts modified to secrete both IL-2 and IFN-γ indicate the potential of an immunotherapeutic approach to gliomas with cytokine-secreting cells.

scholarly journals Stem photosynthesis: new evidence highlights the contribution of phenotypic plasticity to the invasion success of Mikania micrantha

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Zheng ◽  
Tai-Jie Zhang ◽  
Bo-Hui Li ◽  
Wei-Jie Liang ◽  
Qi-Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Stem Photosynthesis ◽  
Wide Range

Phenotypic plasticity affords invasive plant species the ability to colonize a wide range of habitats, but physiological plasticity of their stems is seldom recognized. Investigation of the stem plasticity of invasive plant species could lead to a better understanding of their invasiveness. We performed a pot experiment involving defoliation treatments and an isolated culture experiment to determine whether the invasive species Mikania micrantha exhibits greater plasticity in the stems than do three native species that co-occur in southern China and then explored the mechanism underlying the modification of its stem photosynthesis. Our results showed that the stems of M. micrantha exhibited higher plasticity in terms of either net or gross photosynthesis in response to the defoliation treatment. These effects were positively related to an increased stem elongation rate. The enhancement of stem photosynthesis in M. micrantha resulted from the comprehensive action involving increases in the Chl a/b ratio, D1 protein and stomatal aperture, changes in chloroplast morphology and a decrease in anthocyanins. Increased plasticity of stem photosynthesis may improve the survival of M. micrantha under harsh conditions and allow it to rapidly recover from defoliation injuries. Our results highlight that phenotypic plasticity promotes the invasion success of alien plant invaders.

scholarly journals Experimental in vitro Comparative Study of Chromovitectomy Agents Cyto- and Phototoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-480
Author(s):  
N. M. Kislitsyna ◽  
S. V. Novikov ◽  
N. V. Perova ◽  
S. V. Kolesnik ◽  
A. I. Kolesnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Profile ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Vitreous Body ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Test Plate ◽  
Mouse Fibroblasts ◽  
Nih 3T3

Intravitreal use of vital dyes in combination with the action of endoillumination can induce a cyto- and phototoxic effect on posterior eye segment structures. The search for a staining agent with a maximum safety profile to retinal structures, intensively and selectively coloring vitreous body and vitreoretinal interface structure, remains relevant.Objective: to determine comparative viability of NIH / 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell culture with traditional agents for chromovitrectomy and “Vitreocontrast” suspension with and without endovitreal illumination.Materials and methods. NIH / 3T3 mouse fibroblast cultures contacted with agents for chromovitrectomy (MembraneBlue® Dual, Triamcinolone acetonide, “Vitreocontrast” suspension) and the corresponding controls in a volume of 50 μl / well. The test plate was irradiated with a Photon II illuminator (Synergetics, USA), working distance of 5 mm. The control tablet with the introduced preparations was not exposed to light. Next, the cells were washed and incubated, after which the morphology and lysis of the cells, as well as the number of proliferating relatively negative control of fibroblasts, were evaluated using the vital dye PrestoBlue Cell Viability Reagent. Negative control was the complete growth medium for the cultivation of mouse fibroblasts of the NIH / 3T3 line. The results of the cytotoxic reaction of a culture of mouse fibroblasts of the NIH / 3T3 line were interpreted using the table “The degree of cell response”.Results. Studies have shown that exposure to a source of endovitual illumination does not affect the cytotoxic effect of TA suspension and MembraneBlue® Dual dye. The TA suspension, both after light source and without it, has a moderate cytotoxic effect, and MembraneBlue® Dual has no cytotoxic effect on the culture of mouse fibroblasts of the NIH / 3T3 strain. Without light, “Vitreocontrast” suspension does not have cytotoxic effect on mouse fibroblasts culture NIH / 3T3 line. Light irradiation for 1 h increases the cytotoxicity of “Vitreocontrast” suspension to the level of unsharp cytotoxicity allowed by ISO Standard 10993-5-2011.Conclusion. The safety profile of MembraneBlue® Dual and “Vitreocontrast” suspension allows them to be recommended for use in endovitreal surgery. The cyto- and phototoxicity demonstrated in the experiment with TA suspension can reduce the functional outcomes of retinal surgery. 

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