scholarly journals Effective Zearalenone Degradation in Model Solutions and Infected Wheat Grain Using a Novel Heterologous Lactonohydrolase Secreted by Recombinant Penicillium canescens

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Larisa Shcherbakova ◽  
Alexandra Rozhkova ◽  
Dmitrii Osipov ◽  
Ivan Zorov ◽  
Oleg Mikityuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Penicillium Canescens ◽  
Model Solutions ◽  
First Results ◽  
Optimal Values

This paper reports the first results on obtaining an enzyme preparation that might be promising for the simultaneous decontamination of plant feeds contaminated with a polyketide fusariotoxin, zearalenone (ZEN), and enhancing the availability of their nutritional components. A novel ZEN-specific lactonohydrolase (ZHD) was expressed in a Penicillium canescens strain PCA-10 that was developed previously as a producer of different hydrolytic enzymes for feed biorefinery. The recombinant ZHD secreted by transformed fungal clones into culture liquid was shown to remove the toxin from model solutions, and was able to decontaminate wheat grain artificially infected with a zearalenone-producing Fusarium culmorum. The dynamics of ZEN degradation depending on the temperature and pH of the incubation media was investigated, and the optimal values of these parameters (pH 8.5, 30 °C) for the ZHD-containing enzyme preparation (PR-ZHD) were determined. Under these conditions, the 3 h co-incubation of ZEN and PR-ZHD resulted in a complete removal of the toxin from the model solutions, while the PR-ZHD addition (8 mg/g of dried grain) to flour samples prepared from the infected ZEN-polluted grain (about 16 µg/g) completely decontaminated the samples after an overnight exposure.

scholarly journals Transformations of Selected Fusarium Toxins and Their Modified Forms During Malt Loaf Production

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Marcin Bryła ◽  
Edyta Ksieniewicz-Woźniak ◽  
Agnieszka Waśkiewicz ◽  
Tomoya Yoshinari ◽  
Krystyna Szymczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Technical Process ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Modified Mycotoxins ◽  
Bread Production ◽  
Modified Forms ◽  
Fermentation Stage

An increasing number of studies have found that modified mycotoxins, such as free mycotoxins, naturally occur in food, and severely impact food safety. The present study investigated concentrations of trichothecenes nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEN), together with their modified forms, nivalenol-3-glucoside (NIV-3G), deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3G), and zearalenone-14-glucoside (ZEN-14G) and zearalenone-14-sulfate (ZEN-14S), respectively, at successive stages of malt loaf production (flour, dough kneading/fermentation, loaf baking). Toxins in bakery products originate in flour produced from wheat grain that is naturally contaminated with Fusarium culmorum. Mycotoxin concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, and did not significantly change during the successive stages of bread production. After the dough kneading/fermentation stage, concentrations of NIV-3G and DON-3G were slightly increased, whereas those of ZEN and ZEN-14S were slightly decreased. The largest average decrease (21%) was found in ZEN-14G. After the baking stage, the average concentrations of NIV-3G, DON-3G, ZEN-14S, and ZEN-14G in the loaf crumb and crust decreased by 23%, 28%, 27%, and 20%, respectively, compared with those in the dough. During this technical process, the concentration of ZEN-14G in loaf crumb significantly decreased by an average of 48%, and those of ZEN, ZEN-14S, and ZEN-14G in loaf crust decreased by an average of 29%, 42%, and 48%, respectively. Considering the possibility of modified mycotoxins degradation to free forms, as well as the ability to synthesize them from free forms during technological processes, it would be prudent to consider them together during analysis.

scholarly journals Transformation of Selected Fusarium Toxins and Their Masked Forms during Malting of Various Cultivars of Wheat

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Edyta Ksieniewicz-Woźniak ◽  
Marcin Bryła ◽  
Dorota Michałowska ◽  
Agnieszka Waśkiewicz ◽  
Tomoya Yoshinari
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Fusarium Toxins ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Mycotoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of malting of six wheat cultivars inoculated with Fusarium culmorum on the dynamics of content changes of selected Fusarium toxins. The grains of all the tested cultivars showed a high content of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and their derivatives, whereas nivalenol (NIV) and its glucoside were found only in the Legenda cultivar. Our experiments confirmed that the malting process of wheat grain enables the secondary growth of Fusarium, and mycotoxin biosynthesis. The levels of toxins in malt were few-fold higher than those in grain; an especially high increase was noted in the case of ZEN and its sulfate as the optimal temperature and pH conditions for the biosynthesis of these toxins by the pathogen are similar to those used in the grain malting process. This is the first paper reporting that during the malting process, biosynthesis of ZEN sulfate occurs, instead of glycosylation, which is a typical modification of mycotoxins by plant detoxication enzymes.

Obtaining of new Bacillus subtilis-96 strain - a producer of proteolytic enzymes for the food industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-36
Author(s):  
Елена Викторовна Костылева ◽  
Анна Сергеевна Середа ◽  
Ирина Александровна Великорецкая ◽  
Нина Васильевна Цурикова ◽  
Дария Тимуровна Минеева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Three Stages

В результате трех этапов индуцированного мутагенеза протеолитическая активность штамма B. subtilis st 18 № 359 была увеличена более чем в 2 раза с сохранением соотношения бациллолизина и субтилизина. Концентрированный препарат, полученный из культуральной жидкости нового мутантного штамма, показал высокую эффективность при гидролизе белков молочной сыворотки. Three stages of induced mutagenesis resulted in more than 2 times increase of B. subtilis st 18 No. 359 proteolytic activity while maintaining the ratio of bacillolysin and subtilisin. The concentrated enzyme preparation obtained from the culture liquid of the new mutant strain has shown high efficiency during whey proteins hydrolysis.

Production and Secretion of 5-n-Alkylresorcinols by Fusarium culmorum

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 846-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Zarnowski ◽  
Teresa Lewicka ◽  
Stanislaw J. Pietr
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Resorcinolic Lipids

Abstract Fusarium culmorum F1 was found to produce and secrete into the culture medium several of 5-n-alkylresorcinols. The amount of resorcinolic lipids was 5.3 μg/g and 0.9 μg/l in mycelium and in post-culture liquid, respectively. First of all F. culmorum F1 produces saturated homologues with C15 to C25 side chains. The extract from the medium contained only homologues with shorter carbon chains (C13 to C17).

scholarly journals First results of computer-enhanced optical diagnosis of bladder cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-249
Author(s):  
T. Wittenberg ◽  
R. Hackner ◽  
T. Bocklitz ◽  
C. Krafft ◽  
W. Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging ◽  
Label Free ◽  
White Light Cystoscopy ◽  
First Results ◽  
Panoramic Images ◽  
Flat Lesions ◽  
Muscle Invasive

AbstractBladder cancer is the sixth leading cancer cause worldwide. Non-muscle invasive tumors can be diagnosed and treated endoscopically. Based on biopsies alone, pathologists cannot determine the spatial organization of specimens, their relationship with each other, or their complete removal. To extend white light cystoscopy as the gold standard for bladder cancer detection, diagnosis and removal of small or flat lesions, new image-based technologies have been investigated. These include a stereo-cystoscope for improved orientation and navigation, computation of 2D and 3D panoramic images for extended visualization and documentation, as well as label-free fiber-based fluorescence-lifetime imaging (FLIM) and Raman-spectroscopy in combination with statistical data analysis. Combining all these technologies, cystoscopy can will be further enhanced to include new diagnostic possibilities.

Optimization of growth and hydrolytic enzymes production by Fusarium culmorum using response surface method

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
M. Rucka ◽  
E. Lamer-Zarawska ◽  
I. Maliszewska ◽  
B. Turkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Response Surface Method ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Surface Method

scholarly journals Effects of Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat Grain and Malt Infected by Fusarium culmorum

Toxins ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Spanic ◽  
Tihana Marcek ◽  
Ivan Abicic ◽  
Bojan Sarkanj
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight

scholarly journals Thermophilic Fungi with Glucosidase and Proteolytic Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
N.V. Borzova ◽  
◽  
O.V. Gudzenko ◽  
K.V. Avdiyuk ◽  
L.D. Varbanets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guar Gum ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Glycolytic Enzymes ◽  
Thermomyces Lanuginosus ◽  
Directed Search ◽  
Thermophilic Fungi ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Proteolytic Activities

The directed search for extremophilic producers in order to obtain hydrolytic enzymes with increased thermal stability has an unconditional practical potential for use in the food and feed industry to improve the quality of the final product. The aim of the work was to study the ability of collection strains of thermophilic fungi to show α-L-rhamnosidase, α-galactosidase, cellulase, β-mannanase, keratinase and caseinolytic activity. Methods. Micromycetes were grown under submerged conditions in test tubes at 42°C for 8–14 days. Enzymatic activities were studied in the culture liquid supernatant. p-Nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside, naringin, guar gum galactomannan and Na-carboxymethylcellulose were used as substrates to determine α-galactosidase, α-L-rhamnosidase, β-mannanase and cellulase activities, respectively. Casein and crushed defatted feathers were served as substrates for the determination of proteolytic activity. Results. The enzymatic activity of 50 strains of micromycetes belonging to 17 species was investigated. The studied group showed high activity: 94% of the strains had at least one, 34% – two, 26% – from three to five enzyme activities. The most active keratinase producers were Thielavia terrestris 1920 and 62, Rhizomucor tauricus 1909, Chrysosporium thermophilum 2050, Thermoascus thermophilus 92 and Thermoascus aurantiаcus 2052 (10–26 U/mL). The highest α-L-rhamnosidase activity was observed in T. terrestris 62 (0.35 U/mL), and carboxymethylcellulase activity −in Thermomyces lanuginosus 2046. Six strains showed α-galactosidase (0.05–0.2 U/mL) and four strains − β-mannanase (5–130 U/mL) activity. Conclusions. As a result new strains producing proteolytic and glycolytic enzymes were isolated among thermophilic micromycetes. Soil thermophilic micromycetes can be used as producers of proteolytic and glycolytic enzymes. Of particular interest are the cultures of Acremonium thermophilum 1963, Corynascus thermophilum 2050, C. sepedonium 1899 and 65068, T. thermophilus 1946, which are capable of producing complexes of proteases and glycosidases in the culture liquid. This indicates that these strains are promising for use as destructors in various technologies processing of complex raw materials.

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