scholarly journals Effects of Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat Grain and Malt Infected by Fusarium culmorum

Toxins ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Spanic ◽  
Tihana Marcek ◽  
Ivan Abicic ◽  
Bojan Sarkanj
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight

scholarly journals FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT AND MYCOTOXIN CONCENTRATIONS IN A MODERATELY RESISTANT WINTER WHEAT CULTIVAR UNDER DIFFERENT NUTRIENT REGIMES

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1083-1095
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Glosek Sobieraj ◽  
Bozena Cwalina-Ambroziak ◽  
Agnieszka Waskiewicz ◽  
Adam Perczak ◽  
Arkadiusz Stepien
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Infection Index ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

Winter wheat cv. Boomer was grown in a field-plot experiment in Tomaszkowo near Olsztyn. During the growing season, the severity of Fusarium head blight (FHB was evaluated on a 5-point scale. The quantitative and qualitative composition of Fusarium fungi colonizing wheat grain was evaluated in a laboratory. The content of Fusarium mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, DON, nivalenol, NIV, zearalenone, ZEA, fumonisins FB1 and FB2) and ergosterol (ERG) in grain was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The relationships between the severity of FHB and mycotoxin concentrations in grain were determined by calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficient r in the CORR SAS procedure. The effect of microelement fertilizers on the severity of FHB, the species composition of Fusarium fungi colonizing winter wheat grains and mycotoxin concentrations in grain were determined.Analyses of winter wheat spikes revealed that FHB was less severe in 2012 (healthy ears in the NPK+Mn treatment and the lowest value of the infection index 1% was noted in the absolute control treatment) than in 2013 (the most evident symptoms of FHB in the NPK+Nano-Gro treatment – infection index of approx. 12%). Mineral fertilization, i.e. NPK, NPK with microelements (Cu, Zn, Mn) and NPK with the Nano-Gro® organic growth stimulator, reduced the production of trichothecenes, ZEA and fumonisins B1 and B2 in both years of the study. The highest levels of DON and NIV were noted in winter wheat grain in 2012 in control, control/NPK, NPK+Cu and NPK+Mn treatments. Toxin-producing fungi: Fusarium culmorum, F. poae, Gibberella avenacea, G. zeae were isolated most frequently from winter wheat grain in the above treatments. The severity of FHB was not significantly correlated with the concentrations of ERG, FB1, FB2 and ZEA in grain. A negative correlation was observed between the severity of FHB vs. DON and NIV levels in grain.  

Chemotype and aggressiveness evaluation of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum isolates from wheat fields in Wisconsin

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Mueller ◽  
Carol Groves ◽  
Damon L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Sporulation Capacity ◽  
Derivatives Of

Fusarium graminearum commonly causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat, barley, rice, and oats. Fusarium graminearum produces nivalenol and deoxynivalenol (DON) and forms derivatives of DON based on its acetylation sites. The fungus is profiled into chemotypes based on DON derivative chemotypes (3 acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) chemotype; 15 acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON) chemotype) and/or the nivalenol (NIV) chemotype. The current study assessed the Fusarium population found on wheat and the chemotype profile of the isolates collected from 2016 and 2017 in Wisconsin. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from all locations sampled in both 2016 and 2017. Fusarium culmorum was isolated only from Door County in 2016. Over both growing seasons, 91% of isolates were identified as the 15ADON chemotype while 9% of isolates were identified as the 3ADON chemotype. Aggressiveness was quantified by area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). The isolates with the highest AUDPC values were from the highest wheat producing cropping districts in the state. Deoxynivalenol production in grain and sporulation and growth rate in vitro were compared to aggressiveness in the greenhouse. Our results showed that 3ADON isolates in Wisconsin were among the highest in sporulation capacity, growth rate, and DON production in grain. However, there were no significant differences in aggressiveness between the 3ADON and 15ADON isolates. The results of this research detail the baseline frequency and distribution of 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes observed in Wisconsin. Chemotype distributions within populations of F. graminearum in Wisconsin should continue to be monitored in the future.

scholarly journals Comparison and Combination of Thermal, Fluorescence, and Hyperspectral Imaging for Monitoring Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat on Spikelet Scale

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Katrin Mahlein ◽  
Elias Alisaac ◽  
Ali Al Masri ◽  
Jan Behmann ◽  
Heinz-Wilhelm Dehne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Maximum Temperature Difference ◽  
Simple Ratio

Optical sensors have shown high capabilities to improve the detection and monitoring of plant disease development. This study was designed to compare the feasibility of different sensors to characterize Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum. Under controlled conditions, time-series measurements were performed with infrared thermography (IRT), chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI), and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) starting 3 days after inoculation (dai). IRT allowed the visualization of temperature differences within the infected spikelets beginning 5 dai. At the same time, a disorder of the photosynthetic activity was confirmed by CFI via maximal fluorescence yields of spikelets (Fm) 5 dai. Pigment-specific simple ratio PSSRa and PSSRb derived from HSI allowed discrimination between Fusarium-infected and non-inoculated spikelets 3 dai. This effect on assimilation started earlier and was more pronounced with F. graminearum. Except the maximum temperature difference (MTD), all parameters derived from different sensors were significantly correlated with each other and with disease severity (DS). A support vector machine (SVM) classification of parameters derived from IRT, CFI, or HSI allowed the differentiation between non-inoculated and infected spikelets 3 dai with an accuracy of 78, 56 and 78%, respectively. Combining the IRT-HSI or CFI-HSI parameters improved the accuracy to 89% 30 dai.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Dilution Rate on the Aggressiveness of Inocula and the Expression of Resistance against Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Toth ◽  
Andrea Gyorgy ◽  
Monika Varga ◽  
Akos Mesterhazy
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Important Trait

In previous research, conidium concentrations varying between 10,000 and 1,000,000/mL have not been related to any aggressiveness test. Therefore, two Fusarium graminearum and two Fusarium culmorum isolates were tested in the field on seven genotypes highly differing in resistance at no dilution, and 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, and 1:16 dilutions in two years (2013 and 2014). The isolates showed different aggressiveness, which changed significantly at different dilution rates for disease index (DI), Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK), and deoxynivalenol (DON). The traits also had diverging responses to the infection. The effect of the dilution could not be forecasted. The genotype ranks also varied. Dilution seldomly increased aggressiveness, but often lower aggressiveness occurred at high variation. The maximum and minimum values varied between 15% and 40% for traits and dilutions. The reductions between the non-diluted and diluted values (total means) for DI ranged from 6% and 33%, for FDK 8.3–37.7%, and for DON 5.8–44.8%. The most sensitive and most important trait was DON. The introduction of the aggressiveness test provides improved regulation compared to the uncontrolled manipulation of the conidium concentration. The use of more isolates significantly increases the credibility of phenotyping in genetic and cultivar registration studies.

scholarly journals Resistance to Fusarium head blight in spring barley

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chrpová ◽  
V. Šíp ◽  
L. Štočková ◽  
L. Stemberková ◽  
L. Tvarůžek
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Medium Resistance

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease causing substantial yield and quality losses in barley. Genetic variation in deoxynivalenol (DON) content and and important yield traits in response to FHB were studied in 44 spring barley cultivars for two years following artificial inoculation with Fusarium culmorum under field conditions. The analysis of variance revealed that the largest effect on DON content and simultaneously on the reduction of thousand grain weight and grain weight per spike were due to the environmental conditions of the year, while the visual disease symptoms depended on the cultivars to a larger extent. All these traits were significantly interrelated. The most resistant cultivars Murasski mochi, Nordic, Krasnodarskij 35, Krasnodarskij 95, Nordus, and Usurijskij 8, together with the resistant check Chevron, showed the lowest DON content, the lowest expression of disease symptoms and the lowest reduction of TGW and GWS. However, most spring barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic in recent years expressed susceptibility or medium resistance and were considerably affected by the disease. This increases the importance of breeding barley for resistance to FHB.

scholarly journals Deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in commercial wheat grain related to Fusarium head blight epidemics in southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 1087-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson M. Del Ponte ◽  
Jaqueline Garda-Buffon ◽  
Eliana Badiale-Furlong
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight

scholarly journals Fumonisin B1 and zearalenone contamination of wheat in Croatia and influence of fungicide treatments

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Ivic ◽  
Ana-Marija Domijan ◽  
Maja Peraica ◽  
Bogdan Cvjetkovic
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Severity ◽  
Fungicide Efficacy ◽  
Disease Pressure ◽  
Wheat Kernels

In Croatia, a trial was conducted to determine the presence of theFusariummycotoxins fumonisin B1and zearalenone in wheat kernels and to evaluate the efficacy of nine fungicides on Fusarium head blight severity as well as fumonisin B1and zearalenone accumulation in wheat grain. Fumonisin B1and zearalenone were detected in all grain samples in mean concentrations ranging from 182.0 to 446.6 µg kg-1(fumonisin B1) and from 2.59 to 5.33 µg kg-1(zearalenone). No significant differences were found among fumonisin B1and zearalenone content in wheat grain for the different fungicide treatments. No correlation was revealed between Fusarium head blight severity and fumonisin B1or zearalenone content in wheat grain, nor between fungicide efficacy and fumonisin B1or zearalenone content in wheat grain. Under conditions of high disease pressure, efficacy of the fungicides was between 85.7% (tebuconazole + triadimefon) and 72.1% (carbendazim).

scholarly journals Study of Resistance of Common Winter Wheat Lines to the Fusarium Head Blight (Fusarium Culmorum)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Dimitrov ◽  
◽  
Zlatina Peycheva Uhr ◽  
Blagoy Andonov ◽  
Nikolaya Velcheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Lines

scholarly journals Composition and Predominance of Fusarium Species Causing Fusarium Head Blight in Winter Wheat Grain Depending on Cultivar Susceptibility and Meteorological Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Tim Birr ◽  
Mario Hasler ◽  
Joseph-Alexander Verreet ◽  
Holger Klink
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Dna Amounts

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important diseases of wheat, causing yield losses and mycotoxin contamination of harvested grain. A complex of different toxigenic Fusarium species is responsible for FHB and the composition and predominance of species within the FHB complex are determined by meteorological and agronomic factors. In this study, grain of three different susceptible winter wheat cultivars from seven locations in northern Germany were analysed within a five-year survey from 2013 to 2017 by quantifying DNA amounts of different species within the Fusarium community as well as deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) concentrations. Several Fusarium species co-occur in wheat grain samples in all years and cultivars. F. graminearum was the most prevalent species, followed by F. culmorum, F. avenaceum and F. poae, while F. tricinctum and F. langsethiae played only a subordinate role in the FHB complex in terms of DNA amounts. In all cultivars, a comparable year-specific quantitative occurrence of the six detected species and mycotoxin concentrations were found, but with decreased DNA amounts and mycotoxin concentrations in the more tolerant cultivars, especially in years with higher disease pressure. In all years, similar percentages of DNA amounts of the six species to the total Fusarium DNA amount of all detected species were found between the three cultivars for each species, with F. graminearum being the most dominant species. Differences in DNA amounts and DON and ZEA concentrations between growing seasons depended mainly on moisture factors during flowering of wheat, while high precipitation and relative humidity were the crucial meteorological factors for infection of wheat grain by Fusarium. Highly positive correlations were found between the meteorological variables precipitation and relative humidity and DNA amounts of F. graminearum, DON and ZEA concentrations during flowering, whereas the corresponding correlations were much weaker several days before (heading) and after flowering (early and late milk stage).

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