Production and Secretion of 5-n-Alkylresorcinols by Fusarium culmorum

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 846-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Zarnowski ◽  
Teresa Lewicka ◽  
Stanislaw J. Pietr
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Resorcinolic Lipids

Abstract Fusarium culmorum F1 was found to produce and secrete into the culture medium several of 5-n-alkylresorcinols. The amount of resorcinolic lipids was 5.3 μg/g and 0.9 μg/l in mycelium and in post-culture liquid, respectively. First of all F. culmorum F1 produces saturated homologues with C15 to C25 side chains. The extract from the medium contained only homologues with shorter carbon chains (C13 to C17).

Structural Analysis of an Acidic Polysaccharide from Tremella mesenterica NRRL Y-6158

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Fraser ◽  
H. J. Jennings ◽  
P. Moyna
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Limited Variation ◽  
Branched Structure ◽  
End Group

An acidic polysaccharide has been isolated from the culture medium of T. mesenterica NRRL Y-6158. The heteropolymer contained D-xylose, D-mannose, D-glucuronic acid, and O-acetyl in the molar ratios of 7:5:1:0.7, respectively. Methylation analysis of the heteropolymer indicated that it was essentially a 1 → 3-α-linked mannopyranose backbone having approximately 80% of the backbone units substituted, thus forming a very highly branched structure. The substituents on the backbone were found to be D-glucopyranosyluronic acid end-group, β-linked to the O-2 positions of the mannopyranose units, and 2-O-β-D-linked xylopyranose side-chains, linked both to the O-2 and O-4 positions of the mannopyranose backbone. The methylation analysis suggests that these side-chains are probably two or three xylopyranose units long, although a limited variation in the length of the side-chains is a possibility.

Trichothecene and Moniliformin Production by Fusarium Species from Western Canadian Wheat†

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1220-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ABRAMSON ◽  
R. M. CLEAR ◽  
D. GABA ◽  
D. M. SMITH ◽  
S. K. PATRICK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Western Canada

Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, and Fusarium avenaceum, isolated from Fusarium-damaged wheat harvested in western Canada, were cultured and evaluated for mycotoxin production. Extracts of the culture media were assayed for trichothecenes by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and for moniliformin by liquid chromatography. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was found in 28 of 42 isolates of F. graminearum and 42 of 42 isolates of F. culmorum at levels ranging from 0.5 to 25.0 μg/g. 15-AcetylDON was found in 28 of 42 isolates of F. graminearum at levels ranging from 1.0 to 7.1 μg/g. 3-AcetylDON was found in 41 of 42 isolates of F. culmorum at levels ranging from 0.8 to 13.0 μg/g. Several other trichothecenes were assayed but not detected in the culture medium. Moniliformin was present in 40 of 42 isolates of F. avenaceum at levels ranging from 1.3 to 138.1 μg/g, but was not present in any of the isolates of F. graminearum or F. culmorum.

scholarly journals Fungicidal properties of the medium from SCOBY microorganism cultivation in saturated wood against Coniophora puteana fungus

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1287-1295
Author(s):  
Izabela Betlej ◽  
Bogusław Andres ◽  
Dominika Szadkowska ◽  
Kryzysztof J. Krajewski ◽  
Aleksandra Ościłowska
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Test Fungus ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Potential Use

Effects were assessed for the post-culture liquid medium originating from the cultivation of microorganisms that are present in the ecosystem called symbiotic consortium bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). The effectiveness of protecting Scotch pine wood samples against decomposition caused by the fungus Coniophora puteana was evaluated. The obtained results confirmed that impregnation of wood with post-culture medium reduces the possibility of decomposition of this wood by the test fungus. The potential biocidal effect of the post-culture medium from SCOBY was attributed to the presence the substances of a potential fungicidal nature, which were synthesized in the culture medium during metabolic processes occurring in the culture. The obtained results encourage further studies on the potential use of metabolites obtained from SCOBY breeding to protect wood against biodegradation.

scholarly journals Effective Zearalenone Degradation in Model Solutions and Infected Wheat Grain Using a Novel Heterologous Lactonohydrolase Secreted by Recombinant Penicillium canescens

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Larisa Shcherbakova ◽  
Alexandra Rozhkova ◽  
Dmitrii Osipov ◽  
Ivan Zorov ◽  
Oleg Mikityuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Penicillium Canescens ◽  
Model Solutions ◽  
First Results ◽  
Optimal Values

This paper reports the first results on obtaining an enzyme preparation that might be promising for the simultaneous decontamination of plant feeds contaminated with a polyketide fusariotoxin, zearalenone (ZEN), and enhancing the availability of their nutritional components. A novel ZEN-specific lactonohydrolase (ZHD) was expressed in a Penicillium canescens strain PCA-10 that was developed previously as a producer of different hydrolytic enzymes for feed biorefinery. The recombinant ZHD secreted by transformed fungal clones into culture liquid was shown to remove the toxin from model solutions, and was able to decontaminate wheat grain artificially infected with a zearalenone-producing Fusarium culmorum. The dynamics of ZEN degradation depending on the temperature and pH of the incubation media was investigated, and the optimal values of these parameters (pH 8.5, 30 °C) for the ZHD-containing enzyme preparation (PR-ZHD) were determined. Under these conditions, the 3 h co-incubation of ZEN and PR-ZHD resulted in a complete removal of the toxin from the model solutions, while the PR-ZHD addition (8 mg/g of dried grain) to flour samples prepared from the infected ZEN-polluted grain (about 16 µg/g) completely decontaminated the samples after an overnight exposure.

Extracellular polysaccharides from suspension-cultured sycamore cells

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1063-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Aspinall ◽  
J. A. Molloy ◽  
J. W. T. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽  
Glucan Chain ◽  
Coniferous Woods

Three polysaccharides have been isolated from the culture medium of suspension-cultured sycamore cells (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). A pectinic acid which contains 67% of galacturonic acid residues has been shown to have features in common with other pectins, with arabinose, galactose, and rhamnose as constituent sugars. Methylation and partial hydrolysis have indicated that the arabinogalactan is similar to those from coniferous woods in containing a highly branched framework of D-galactopyranose residues mutually joined by (1 → 3) and (1 → 6) linkages with the majority of side chains terminated by L-arabinofuranose residues. A fucoxyloglucan has been shown by methylation and enzymic hydrolysis to possess a structure similar to those of the so-called seed 'amyloids' with a cellulose-like (1 → 4)-linked β-D-glucan chain with side chains terminated by L-fucopyranose and D-xylopyranose residues.

scholarly journals Comparative Analyses of Exoproteinases Produced by Three Phytopathogenic Microorganisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Valueva ◽  
Natalia N. Kudryavtseva ◽  
Alexis V. Sof'in ◽  
Tatiana A. Revina ◽  
Ekaterina L. Gvozdeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Extracellular Proteinases ◽  
Phytopathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Ecological Habitats

Proteinases secreted by the oomycetePhytophthora infestans(Mont.) de Bary,Rhizoctonia solani,andFusarium culmorumbelonging to different families of fungi have been studied to determine if the exoenzyme secretion depends on the environmental conditions and the phylogenetic position of the pathogen. The substrate specificity of the extracellular proteinases ofF. culmorum,R. solani, andP. infestansand their sensitivity to the action of synthetic and protein inhibitors suggest that they contain trypsin-like and subtilisin-like enzymes regardless of culture medium composition. The relation of trypsin-like and subtilisin-like enzymes is dependent on the culture medium composition, especially on the form of nitrogen nutrition, particularly in the case of the exoenzymes secreted byR. solani. Phylogenetic analyses have shown that the exoproteinase set of ascomycetes and oomycetes has more similarities than basidiomycetes although they are more distant relatives. Our data suggests that the multiple proteinases secreted by pathogenic fungi could play different roles in pathogenesis, increasing the adaptability and host range, or could have different functions in survival in various ecological habitats outside the host.

RESEARCH OF AMYLOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF CULTURAL LIQUIDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY OF SYMBIOTIC CROPS МЕDUSOMYCES GISEVII AND ORYZAMYCES INDICI

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-78
Author(s):  
N. Masalitina ◽  
O. Bliznjuk ◽  
A. Belinska ◽  
O. Varankina ◽  
L. Krichkovska
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Amylolytic Activity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Microbial Symbiont ◽  
Tea Fungus ◽  
Growing Conditions

Based on the literature review found that the natural symbionts Medusomyces gisevii and Oryzamyces indici biotechnology are a valuable objects. It is urgent to find ways to impact on it in order to obtain these or other products of its life activity. At present, it is urgent to search for microorganisms producing enzymes, including amylase. One of the most promising in terms of biological objects is a natural microbial symbiont Medusomyces Gisevii (tea fungus) and Oryzamyces Indici, which, thanks to the not identical, microbiological composition and different growing conditions may have a different composition of metabolites. Studies of the amylolytic activity of the culture liquid Medusomyces Gisevii and Oryzamyces indici with different cultivation periods have been carried out. Cultivation of the fungus was carried out in the laboratory according to the classic method. The optimal concentration of sucrose for Medusomyces Gisevii and Oryzamyces Indici biomass growth was set at 5%. Sucrose concentration of 15% and above is not recommended for use due to inhibition of biomass growth with increasing concentration of carbohydrates in the culture medium. It is established that these symbionts start to show the amylolytic activity already on the 10th day of cultivation cultivation in standard nutrient medium, medium supplemented with 10 % milk and serum-based medium and stores it in the course of the experiment (30 days). Over time the amylolytic activity increases. However, the intensity of metabolism of the microorganisms, the criterion of which is the ratio of the total and exogenous amylase is most pronounced in the early stages of cultivation. It was found that the culture medium of polycultures shows high amylolytic activity. This fact allows us to consider the Medusomyces Gisevii and Oryzamyces Indici inoculum as a promising biotechnological raw material source of amylase enzyme.  

scholarly journals Cattleya walkeriana growth in different micropropagation systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1804-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luís Moreira ◽  
Adriano Bortolotti da Silva ◽  
Aline Santos ◽  
Caroline Oliveira dos Reis ◽  
Paulo Roberto Correa Landgraf
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Culture Vessel ◽  
Temporary Immersion Bioreactor ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Conventional Systems

The aim of the present research was to verify the in vitro growth of orchids in different systems of micropropagation, being cultivated in a bioreactor, with natural ventilation and conventional systems. Cattleya walkeriana plants were obtained from the germination of seeds in culture medium. After 8 months, seedlings with 1 cm of length were placed in a culture vessel according to the treatments, which counted with two micropropagation systems (conventional and natural ventilation) in three media of culture (liquid, solid with 5 or 6g L-1 of agar). Two additional treatments in bioreactor of temporary and continuous immersion were performed. The design was entirely randomized (ERD), consisting of a 2x3 factorial with two additional treatments, totaling 8 treatments with three repetitions. The temporary immersion bioreactor promoted a bigger growth of the aerial part and of the root system, bigger accumulation of dry mass and better control of water loss by the plants. The temporary immersion bioreactor is the best micropropagation system for the C. walkeriana growth in vitro.

Obtaining and purification of lysostaphin secreted in the culture liquid by Brevibacillus choshinensis/pNCMO2/lsf12 recombinant strain

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
E.V. Baranova ◽  
V.V. Levchuk ◽  
T.V. Reshetnyak ◽  
P.V. Soloviev ◽  
N.A. Shishkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Brevibacillus Choshinensis ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Output

Here, «host-vector» expression system of Brevibacillus choshinensis was developed and used for producing a recombinant lysostaphin with high-output. The recombinant plasmid pNCMO2/lsf12 was constructed, and its expression in Brevibacillus choshinensis (strain Brevibacillus choshinensis/pNCMO2/lsf12) provided a synthesis of the 27-kDa protein, which was secreted into the culture medium. Its specific staphylolitic activity being 557 U/mg at optimal pH (7.5-8.0) and temperature (50-55 °C) values was comparable with the natural and recombinant analogs. We hope that developed methods of a deep cultivation of the recombinant Brevibacillus choshinensis/pNCMO2/lsf12 strain for a high-yield production (up to 90 mg/L) and a single-stage purification of lysostaphin (up to 90% homogeneity) become the basis for the production of the enzyme on an industrial scale. Brevibacillus choshinensis, ion-exchange chromatography, lysostaphin The work was financially supported by the Grant No. 050 of Rospotrebnadzor «Monitoring of borreliosis pathogens circulation in regions of the Russian Federation and improvement of diagnostic tools for borreliosis»

Development of excised potato buds in nutrient culture

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1617-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances C. Mellor ◽  
Richard Stace-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Growth Promoting

Factors affecting the development of excised potato buds into rooted plants were investigated during a program to eradicate latent viruses from commercial potato varieties. Buds 0.4 to 0.8 mm long were excised from heat-treated plants and placed on media modified from that of Murashige and Skoog. Factors that influenced survival and rooting were the composition and pH of the culture medium, the season of the year, the variety of potato, and transfer of buds to fresh media during culture. Liquid medium was superior to solid, both for rate of growth and proportion of rooted buds. Common growth-promoting substances incorporated into the medium were more detrimental than beneficial. Development was optimal at pH 5.7 but rooting was inhibited at pH 4.8 or pH 6.2. Buds excised in the spring and early summer rooted more readily than those taken later in the year. Buds of most varieties rooted satisfactorily but we failed to develop a medium that would guarantee a large proportion of rooted plantlets from excised buds of any variety at any time of the year. Even with the best medium tested, usually less than half of the excised buds developed into established plantlets without transfer to fresh medium. Plantlets that developed shoots without roots were sometimes established by transferring them to soil.

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