scholarly journals The variability of the occurrence of Fusarium culmorum in winter wheat grain in relation to climatic conditions and cultivation methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Weber ◽  
Włodzimierz Kita ◽  
Wojciech Pusz ◽  
Renata Kieloch
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Cultivation Methods

scholarly journals VARIETAL COMPOSITION AND FREQUENCY OF FUSARIUM PRESENCE ON WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE TAMBOV REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-76
Author(s):  
G. N. Buchneva ◽  
I. V. Gusev ◽  
O. I. Korabelskaya ◽  
N. N. Dubrovskaya ◽  
V. V. Chekmarev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Wheat Seeds

In the climatic conditions of the Central Black-earth region, the infection of wheat grain with Fusarium fungi is of latent nature and can only be detected by mycological analysis. For this reason, the varietal composition of the pathogenic complex of fungi Fusarium on winter and spring wheat has not been thoroughly studied yet. Working with the problem in the conditions of the Tambov region, it was found that the grain of these varieties was infected with various species of Fusarium. The most infected spring wheat varieties were “Nik” (69%), “Biora” (45%) and “Prokhorovka” (30%). The varieties “Saratovskaya 29” (4%) and “Tulaikovskaya 100” (5%) were less infected than the other. Nine species of fungus Fusarium spp. found on spring wheat seeds were F. acuminatum Ellis, an Everhart (1895), a Wollenweber (1917), F. avenaceum (Corda ex Fries) Saccardo (1886), F. culmorum (WG Smith) Saccardo  (1895), F. equiseti (Corda) Saccardo (1886), F. poae (Peck) Wollenweber in Lewis (1913), F. sambucinum Fuckel (1869), F. semitectum Berkeley and Ravenel in Berkeley (1875), F. sporotrichioides Sherbakoff (1915) and F. tricinctum (Corda) Saccardo (1886). The leading position was occupied by the species Fusarium sporotrichioides and F. avenaceum. The frequency of their occurrence on spring wheat seeds was 56.6 and 20.9%, respectively. The contamination of winter wheat with a Fusarium fungus was lower than the infection of spring wheat (1–8%). Four species of Fusarium spp. were identified on the seeds of winter wheat, they are F. avenaceum (Corda ex Fries) Saccardo (1886), F. graminearum Schwabe (1838), F. poae (Peck) Wollenweber in Lewis (1913) and F. sporotrichioides Sherbakoff (1915). The dominant position belonged to the species Fusarium poae and F. sporotrichioides (41.7 and 37.5%). It has been shown that the level of infection of wheat seeds by Fusarium fungi depends on the variety resistance to the infection.

scholarly journals Influence of microbial preparations and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Chaikovskaya ◽  
◽  
V.V. Klyuchenko ◽  
M.I. Baranskaya ◽  
O.L. Ovsienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Biological Farming

The use of biological products based on effective strains of microorganisms with a range of useful properties is one of the aspects of biological farming. The long-term field experiments were conducted in the soil and climatic conditions of the Crimea. А positive effect of the combined use of mineral fertilizers (NPK calculated at P30) and pre-sown inoculation of seeds (biopreparation based on L. nimipressuralis CCM 32-3) on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain was shown. The increase in grain productivity of winter wheat by 31 % compared to control (on average for 3 years) and grain quality indicators: protein and gluten – up to 12.5% and 28.0 % (in the control 9.9% and 19.2%, respectively) was revealed.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF “MELAFEN” GROWTH STIMULATOR APPLICATION WHEN TREATING WINTER WHEAT SEEDS WITH “POLARIS” SUBSTANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Игорь Кузнецов ◽  
Igor' Kuznecov ◽  
Анастасия Поварницына ◽  
Anastasiya Povarnicyna ◽  
Марсель Ахметзянов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Processing Scheme ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The most important task at all stages of modern agriculture development is to increase the yield and quality of grain. Plant growth regulators can play a big role in this. The paper considers an impact of Polaris fungicide on winter wheat seeds and the use of growth regulator Melafen in winter wheat crops in Ufa region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are considered. The soil and climatic conditions of the growing season 2017-2018 years have influenced on formation of the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. Seed treatment with Polaris fungicide in combination with the crop care products provided productivity of 41.8-61.5 centner per hectare. The use of growth regulator Melafen in Ufa region of the Republic of Bashkortostan ensured an increase in crop yield up to 59.2-63.7 centner per hectare or 30.3-40.4%, depending on the processing scheme used. Determining the number of falls in the experience showed that this indicator fluctuated within 215-314 sec., which corresponds to the indicators for higher, first and second class of grain - a state of emergency more than 200 sec. In the experiment, the indicators of the nature of the grain had a value of from 671 to 758 g/l. The use of Polaris in the experiment contributed to the enhancement of the grain nature and reaching the level of the highest, 1.2 grade of grain. Due to the fact that in terms of quality group - all the options corresponded to group 2 of quality or grain of grade 3-5, the assessment of the quality of winter wheat grain shows that in the experience the quality of grain of all options corresponds to class 3.

scholarly journals The influence of mineral fertilisers, farmyard manure, liming and sowing rate on winter wheat grain yields

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madaras Mikuláš ◽  
Mayerová Markéta ◽  
Kumhálová Jitka ◽  
Lipavský Jan
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Yield Trends

The influence of mineral fertilisers, liming, farmyard manure and sowing rate on the winter wheat grain yields was studied in a long-term field experiment at 4 sites under different soil and climatic conditions in the Czech Republic. A total of 135 partial fraction-factorial experiments were performed between 1980 and 2013 and evaluated using a statistical model with linear and quadratic terms for each factor. Yield trends demonstrated remarkable influence of fertilisation at two sites of lower starting productivity. Here, grain yields increased by 50% and 25% since the trial commencement, while the rate of yield increase was low at more productive sites. Yields were the most frequently influenced by nitrogen (N) fertilisation, uniformly at all sites. N response curves were strongly curvilinear, but these differed between sites and were affected by preceding crops. The relative frequency of statistically significant influences decreased in the following order: N (significant at α < 0.05 in 89% of all partial trials) > sowing rate (29%) > phosphorus (22%) > farmyard manure (15%) > potassium (12%) > liming (8%). This order and the frequencies of these influences are discussed with regard to relevant site and soil conditions.

scholarly journals CONSERVATION SOIL FERTILITY SOUND USE SYSTEM OF FERTILIZATION AND SEEDING RATE WINTER WHEAT

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Viktor Mazur ◽  
Hanna Pantsyreva ◽  
Yurii Kopytchuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Wheat Varieties

The biological yield potential of modern winter wheat varieties has been established. The market, changes of organizational and ownership structures in the agricultural sector are studied. The problem of stable and reliable production of winter wheat grain and improvement of its quality has been disclosed. The works of domestic and foreign scientists have been analyzed and their significant contribution to the creation of modern cultivation technology ensuring high profitability of winter wheat has been determined. Grain yields for competitive production are proved. The article is based on the importance in the technological regulation of cultivation of such components as rational fertilization, reasonable sowing norms, which allow to manage the production process of winter wheat crops and to receive high yields, to increase the economic efficiency of cultivation of crops. The efficiency of application of the increased background of fertilizer at the seeding rate of 3.0 million pieces is theoretically substantiated and experimentally proved. us. / ha to realize the genetic potential of winter wheat under the conditions of PE "Zetto", which is located in the village. Klekotina of Shargorod district, Vinnytsia region in the zone of Right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The system of agrotechnical measures and their combination in the technology of cultivation is optimized and economically justified, which ensures stable high yield and good quality of winter wheat grain. It is established that for optimization of production processes of plants and rational use of natural and climatic potential of the region and material and technical resources for the purpose of stable grain production. Taking into account the complex of unsolved problems concerning the optimal rate of sowing of winter wheat seeds on the increased backgrounds of fertilizers in relation to the specific soil and climatic conditions of cultivation and biological features of modern varieties and hybrids, technological aspects of cultivation are proposed, which preserve fertility. Key words: winter wheat, soil fertility, land use, variety, seeding rate, fertilizer system.

scholarly journals FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT AND MYCOTOXIN CONCENTRATIONS IN A MODERATELY RESISTANT WINTER WHEAT CULTIVAR UNDER DIFFERENT NUTRIENT REGIMES

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1083-1095
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Glosek Sobieraj ◽  
Bozena Cwalina-Ambroziak ◽  
Agnieszka Waskiewicz ◽  
Adam Perczak ◽  
Arkadiusz Stepien
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Infection Index ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

Winter wheat cv. Boomer was grown in a field-plot experiment in Tomaszkowo near Olsztyn. During the growing season, the severity of Fusarium head blight (FHB was evaluated on a 5-point scale. The quantitative and qualitative composition of Fusarium fungi colonizing wheat grain was evaluated in a laboratory. The content of Fusarium mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, DON, nivalenol, NIV, zearalenone, ZEA, fumonisins FB1 and FB2) and ergosterol (ERG) in grain was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The relationships between the severity of FHB and mycotoxin concentrations in grain were determined by calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficient r in the CORR SAS procedure. The effect of microelement fertilizers on the severity of FHB, the species composition of Fusarium fungi colonizing winter wheat grains and mycotoxin concentrations in grain were determined.Analyses of winter wheat spikes revealed that FHB was less severe in 2012 (healthy ears in the NPK+Mn treatment and the lowest value of the infection index 1% was noted in the absolute control treatment) than in 2013 (the most evident symptoms of FHB in the NPK+Nano-Gro treatment – infection index of approx. 12%). Mineral fertilization, i.e. NPK, NPK with microelements (Cu, Zn, Mn) and NPK with the Nano-Gro® organic growth stimulator, reduced the production of trichothecenes, ZEA and fumonisins B1 and B2 in both years of the study. The highest levels of DON and NIV were noted in winter wheat grain in 2012 in control, control/NPK, NPK+Cu and NPK+Mn treatments. Toxin-producing fungi: Fusarium culmorum, F. poae, Gibberella avenacea, G. zeae were isolated most frequently from winter wheat grain in the above treatments. The severity of FHB was not significantly correlated with the concentrations of ERG, FB1, FB2 and ZEA in grain. A negative correlation was observed between the severity of FHB vs. DON and NIV levels in grain.  

Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from monoculture and rotational cropping of corn, soybean and winter wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
C F Drury ◽  
X M Yang ◽  
W D Reynolds ◽  
N B McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Previous Crop

It is well established that nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agricultural land are influenced by the type of crop grown, the form and amount of nitrogen (N) applied, and the soil and climatic conditions under which the crop is grown. Crop rotation adds another dimension that is often overlooked, however, as the crop residue being decomposed and supplying soluble carbon to soil biota is usually from a different crop than the crop that is currently growing. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the influence of both the crop grown and the residues from the preceding crop on N2O and CO2 emissions from soil. In particular, N2O and CO2 emissions from monoculture cropping of corn, soybean and winter wheat were compared with 2 -yr and 3-yr crop rotations (corn-soybean or corn-soybean-winter wheat). Each phase of the rotation was measured each year. Averaged over three growing seasons (from April to October), annual N2O emissions were about 3.1 to 5.1 times greater in monoculture corn (2.62 kg N ha-1) compared with either monoculture soybean (0.84 kg N ha-1) or monoculture winter wheat (0.51 kg N ha-1). This was due in part to the higher inorganic N levels in the soil resulting from the higher N application rate with corn (170 kg N ha-1) than winter wheat (83 kg N ha-1) or soybean (no N applied). Further, the previous crop also influenced the extent of N2O emissions in the current crop year. When corn followed corn, the average N2O emissions (2.62 kg N ha-1) were about twice as high as when corn followed soybean (1.34 kg N ha-1) and about 60% greater than when corn followed winter wheat (1.64 kg N ha-1). Monoculture winter wheat had about 45% greater CO2 emissions than monoculture corn or 51% greater emissions than monoculture soybean. In the corn phase, CO2 emissions were greater when the previous crop was winter wheat (5.03 t C ha-1) than when it was soybean (4.20 t C ha-1) or corn (3.91 t C ha-1). Hence, N2O and CO2 emissions from agricultural fields are influenced by both the current crop and the previous crop, and this should be accounted for in both estimates and forecasts of the emissions of these important greenhouse gases. Key words: Denitrification, soil respiration, rotation, crop residue

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document