scholarly journals Case-Control Study of Nodding Syndrome in Acholiland: Urinary Multi-Mycotoxin Screening

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Jennifer Duringer ◽  
Rajarshi Mazumder ◽  
Valerie Palmer ◽  
A. Morrie Craig ◽  
Peter Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Nodding Syndrome ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study

This case-control study adds to the growing body of knowledge on the medical, nutritional, and environmental factors associated with Nodding Syndrome (NS), a seizure disorder of children and adolescents in northern Uganda. Past research described a significant association between NS and prior history of measles infection, dependence on emergency food and, at head nodding onset, subsistence on moldy maize, which has the potential to harbor mycotoxins. We used LC-MS/MS to screen for current mycotoxin loads by evaluating nine analytes in urine samples from age-and-gender matched NS cases (n = 50) and Community Controls (CC, n = 50). The presence of the three mycotoxins identified in the screening was not significantly different between the two groups, so samples were combined to generate an overall view of exposure in this community during the study. Compared against subsequently run standards, α-zearalenol (43 ± 103 µg/L in 15 samples > limit of quantitation (LOQ); 0 (0/359) µg/L), T-2 toxin (39 ± 81 µg/L in 72 samples > LOQ; 0 (0/425) µg/L) and aflatoxin M1 (4 ± 10 µg/L in 15 samples > LOQ; 0 (0/45) µg/L) were detected and calculated as the average concentration ± SD; median (min/max). Ninety-five percent of the samples had at least one urinary mycotoxin; 87% were positive for two of the three compounds detected. While mycotoxin loads at NS onset years ago are and will remain unknown, this study showed that children with and without NS currently harbor foodborne mycotoxins, including those associated with maize.

The Identification and Significance of a Thr→Pro Polymorphism in Kringle IV Type 8 of Apolipoprotein(a)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
pp. 0949-0954 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Prins ◽  
F R Lues ◽  
Y Y van der Hoek ◽  
J J.P Kastelein ◽  
B N Bouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Significant Independent Risk Factor ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study

SummaryElevated plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] represent a significant independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Interindividual levels of apo(a) vary over 1000-fold and are mainly due to inheritance that is linked to the locus of the apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] gene. The apo(a) gene encodes multiple repeats of a sequence exhibiting up to 85% DNA sequence homology with plasminogen kringle IV (K.IV), a lysine binding domain. In our search for sequence polymorphisms in the K.IV coding domain, we identified a polymorphism predicting a Thr→Pro substitution located at amino acid position 12 of kringle IV type 8 of apo(a). The functional and clinical significance of this polymorphism was analysed in a case-control study and by comparing the in vitro lysine binding characteristics of the two Lp(a) subtypes.The case-control study (involving 153 subjects having symptomatic atherosclerosis and 153 age and gender matched normolipidemic controls) revealed an overall allele frequency for the Thr12-→Pro substitution in kringle IV type 8 of 14% and a negative association between presence of the Pro12-subtype and symptomatic atherosclerosis (p <0.03). The in vitro lysine binding studies, using Lp(a) isolated from subjects homozygous for either Thr12 or Pro12 in K.IV type 8, revealed comparable lysine-Sepharose binding fractions for the two subtypes. The binding affinity (Kd) for immobilised plasmin degraded des- AA-fibrin (DesafibTM-X) was also comparable for the two subtypes, however a decreased maximal attainable binding (Bmax) for immobilised desafibTM-X was observed for the Pro12-subtype Lp(a).

scholarly journals Major Stressful Life Events and Risk of Developing Lung Cancer: A Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117955491983579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed H Jafri ◽  
Faisal Ali ◽  
Arash Mollaeian ◽  
Syed Mojiz Hasan ◽  
Rahat Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Control Study

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality and is strongly linked with smoking. We sought to determine whether major stressful life events (e.g. divorce) are also a risk factor for developing lung cancers. Methods: We performed a matched case-control study. Cases (CA) were lung cancer patients diagnosed within the previous 12 months. Controls (CO) were patients without a prior history of malignancy. Data on major stressful life events were collected using the modified Holmes-Rahe stress scale. The primary endpoint was the odds of having a major stressful life event between CA and CO. A sample of 360 patients (CA = 120, CO = 240) was needed to achieve 80% power to detect an odds ratio (OR) of 2.00 versus the alternative of equal odds using χ2 = 0.05. Results: Between May 2015 and December 2016, we enrolled 301 patients (CA = 102, CO = 199), matched for median age (CA = 64.4 years, CO = 63.9 years), sex (CA-Male = 48%, CO-Male = 49.2%), and smoking status (ever smoker, CA = 84%, CO = 85%). There was no difference in lifetime stressful life event rate between CA and CO (95% vs 93.9%; P = .68). However, CA were significantly more likely to have had a stressful event within the preceding 5 years than CO (CA = 77.4% vs CO = 65.8%; P = .03, OR = 1.78). β-blocker use was significantly higher among CO (CA = 29.4%, CO = 49.7%; P = .0007, OR = 0.42), suggesting a protective effect. Conclusion: Patients with lung cancer are significantly more likely to have had a major stressful life event within the preceding 5 years. In addition, use of β-blockers may be protective against lung cancer.

The effect of tonsillectomy on John Cunningham virus serological status in multiple sclerosis patients: A retrospective case–control study

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852097182
Author(s):  
Mirla Avila ◽  
Annette Okai ◽  
Smathorn Thakolwiboon ◽  
Collin O’Bryan ◽  
Murali Mohan Reddy Gopireddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
John Cunningham Virus ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Control Study

Tonsils are believed to be the initial site of the John Cunningham virus (JCV) infection. The long-term effect of childhood tonsillectomy on JCV status in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients has not been investigated. In this retrospective case–control study, we analyzed data of 144 JCV seropositive cases and 82 JCV seronegative controls from three outpatient MS clinics in the United States. Early tonsillectomy (before the age of 8) was reported among 8 (5.56%) JCV seropositive subjects and 19 (23.17%) controls. Early tonsillectomy was associated with JCV negative status (adjusted odds ratio = 5.39, 95% confidence interval = 2.13–13.62, p < 0.001) independent of age and gender.

scholarly journals High pelvic incidence and gender increase risk of pedicle fracture after single level lumbar spinal fusion: A case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 100197
Author(s):  
Florian Wanivenhaus ◽  
David Ephraim Bauer ◽  
Christoph Laux ◽  
Christoph Stern ◽  
Frédéric Cornaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Fusion ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Fusion ◽  
Single Level ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Effects of Ninjurin 2 Polymorphisms on Susceptibility of Coronary Heart Disease 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuping Yan ◽  
Xiaoyan Du ◽  
Xiaoxi liu ◽  
Jingjie Li ◽  
Zichao Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of NINJ2 polymorphisms on susceptibility of coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods: We conducted a case-control study with 499 CHD cases and 505 age- and sex- matched controls. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in NINJ2 (rs118050317, rs75750647, rs7307242, rs10849390 and rs11610368) were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY platform. Odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression to assess the association of NINJ2 polymorphism and CHD risk adjusting for age and gender..Results: NINJ2 rs118050317 significantly increased the risk of CHD in people over 60 years old (allele: P = 0.010; heterozygote: P = 0.016; dominant: P = 0.015; additive: P = 0.021) and women (allele: P = 0.026; heterozygote: P = 0.015; dominant: P = 0.018; additive: P = 0.030). Rs118050317 and rs7307242 were closely related to the risk of hypertension in CHD patients. Additionally, rs75750647 significantly increased diabetes risk in multiple models among CHD cases (allele: P = 0.014; homozygote: P = 0.037; heterozygote: P = 0.044; dominant: P = 0.019; additive: P = 0.013), whereas rs10849390 could protect CHD patients from diabetes in allele (P = 0.035), homozygote (P = 0.047) and additive (P = 0.037) models. We also observed two block (block 1: rs118050317 and rs75750647; block 2: rs7307242, rs10849390 and rs11610368) in NINJ2.Conclusion: Our results suggested that the relationships of NINJ2 polymorphisms and CHD risk were dependent on age, sex or complications.

scholarly journals Case-control study of hypertension and Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuen-Fann Ng ◽  
Ebonne Ng ◽  
Ee-Wei Lim ◽  
Kumar M. Prakash ◽  
Louis C. S. Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Chinese Subjects ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

AbstractWe evaluate the association of hypertension with PD in an Asian population and performed a meta-analysis on similar studies to address the effect of hypertension on PD risk. A matched case-control study involving 1342 Chinese subjects (671 PD and 671 age and gender-matched controls (with a mean age of 63.9 ± 9.7 and 63.5 ± 9.8 years, and identical proportion of gender distribution) was conducted. Hypertension increases PD risk by 1.9 times [OR 1.86 (1.46–2.38)]. The literature search identified 618 studies initially; however, only three matched case-control studies (all in Caucasians) met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Overall analysis showed that hypertension decreases PD risk by 0.2 times [OR 0.80 (0.66–0.96)]. Hypertension increases PD risk by 1.9 times in our Asian population. However, a meta-analysis comprising of Caucasian populations showed a protective effect of hypertension suggesting that ethnic differences or other genetic or environmental factors may contribute to the divergent observation. Early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension may potentially reduce the risk of PD, at least in our population.

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