scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of the Hepatitis B Virus Subgenotypes in Brazil

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara V. Lago ◽  
Marcia P. do Espirito-Santo ◽  
Vanessa D. Costa ◽  
Vanessa A. Marques ◽  
Livia M. Villar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Full Length Genome ◽  
Brazilian Studies

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) subgenotypes may be related to clinical outcomes and response to antiviral therapy. Most Brazilian studies on HBV subgenotypes are restricted to some regions and to specific population groups. Here, we provide an insight about genetic diversity of HBV subgenotypes in 321 serum samples from all five geographical regions, providing a representative overview of their circulation among chronic carriers. Overall, HBV/A1 was the most prevalent subgenotype, being found as the major one in all regions except in South Brazil. Among HBV/D samples, subgenotype D3 was the most prevalent, found in 51.5%, followed by D2 (27.3%) and D4 (21.2%). D2 and D3 were the most prevalent subgenotypes in South region, with high similarity with European strains. D4 was found in North and Northeast region and clustered with strains from Cape Verde and India. For HBV/F, the most frequent subgenotype was F2 (84.1%), followed by F4 (10.1%) and F1 (5.8%), closely related with strains from Venezuela, Argentina and Chile, respectively. Phylogeographic analyses were performed using an HBV full-length genome obtained from samples infected with genotypes rarely found in Brazil (B, C, and E). According to Bayesian inference, HBV/B2 and HBV/C2 were probably introduced in Brazil through China, and HBV/E from Guinea, all of them mostly linked to recent events of human migration. In conclusion, this study provided a comprehensive overview of the current circulation of HBV subgenotypes in Brazil. Our findings might contribute to a better understand of the dynamics of viral variants, to establish a permanent molecular surveillance on the introduction and dispersion patterns of new strains and, thus, to support public policies to control HBV dissemination in Brazil.

Hepatitis B virus genetic diversity in Argentina: Dissimilar genotype distribution in two different geographical regions; description of hepatitis B surface antigen variants

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia G. Piñeiro y Leone ◽  
Silvana C. Pezzano ◽  
Carolina Torres ◽  
Claudia E. Rodríguez ◽  
M. Eugenia Garay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Phylogeographic Genetic Diversity in the White Sucker Hepatitis B Virus across the Great Lakes Region and Alberta, Canada

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Cynthia R. Adams ◽  
Vicki S. Blazer ◽  
Jim Sherry ◽  
Robert Scott Cornman ◽  
Luke R. Iwanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Fish Health ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B viruses belong to a family of circular, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect a range of organisms, with host responses that vary from mild infection to chronic infection and cancer. The white sucker hepatitis B virus (WSHBV) was first described in the white sucker (Catostomus commersonii), a freshwater teleost, and belongs to the genus Parahepadnavirus. At present, the host range of WSHBV and its impact on fish health are unknown, and neither genetic diversity nor association with fish health have been studied in any parahepadnavirus. Given the relevance of genomic diversity to disease outcome for the orthohepadnaviruses, we sought to characterize genomic variation in WSHBV and determine how it is structured among watersheds. We identified WSHBV-positive white sucker inhabiting tributaries of Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, Lake Erie (USA), and Lake Athabasca (Canada). Copy number in plasma and in liver tissue was estimated via qPCR. Templates from 27 virus-positive fish were amplified and sequenced using a primer-specific, circular long-range amplification method coupled with amplicon sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq. Phylogenetic analysis of the WSHBV genome identified phylogeographical clustering reminiscent of that observed with human hepatitis B virus genotypes. Notably, most non-synonymous substitutions were found to cluster in the pre-S/spacer overlap region, which is relevant for both viral entry and replication. The observed predominance of p1/s3 mutations in this region is indicative of adaptive change in the polymerase open reading frame (ORF), while, at the same time, the surface ORF is under purifying selection. Although the levels of variation we observed do not meet the criteria used to define sub/genotypes of human and avian hepadnaviruses, we identified geographically associated genome variation in the pre-S and spacer domain sufficient to define five WSHBV haplotypes. This study of WSHBV genetic diversity should facilitate the development of molecular markers for future identification of genotypes and provide evidence in future investigations of possible differential disease outcomes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anti-HBs Antibody Immune Response against Hepatitis B virus in Vaccinated People in а North-eastern Bulgaria Region

Folia Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-578
Author(s):  
Denitsa T. Tsaneva-Damyanova ◽  
Liliya I. Ivanova ◽  
Silviya N. Pavlova ◽  
Svetlana B. Todorova ◽  
Tsvetelina K. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Mass Immunization

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most significant human pathogens responsible for a huge number of acute and chronic liver infectious diseases worldwide. Aim: To find the duration of post-vaccination immune response in individuals allocated to five age groups from 6 months to 20 years. Materials and methods: All tested subjects were born between 1999 and 2018 and therefore covered by the compulsory vaccination program against hepatitis B. For the serological marker anti-HBs Ab we investigated 449 serum samples taken from ambulatory people and patients of St Marina University Hospital in Varna. Results: A positive antibody response (anti-HBs Ab > 10 mIU/ml) was reported in 79.7% (n = 51) of the group of subjects up to one year old, in 70.0% (n = 196) of the subjects in the age range 1 year/1 month to 15 years, and in 39.3% (n = 33) of the subjects 15 years/1 month to 20 years old. Female sex had a better post-vaccination response than male sex with statistically significant relationship between sex and anti-HBs Ab titer (&chi;2 = 24.76, p <0.01). Conclusions: Regardless of the mass immunization against HBV in Bulgaria, the relative share of chronic HBV infections does not show a downward trend. Therefore, it is very important to study the duration of the post-vaccination immune response by demonstrating the anti-HBs antibodies and to apply a booster dose from the vaccine if needed.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus Genetic Diversity

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahnaz Fallahian ◽  
Farhad Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Molecular Sequence Data of Hepatitis B Virus and Genetic Diversity After Vaccination

2009 ◽  
Vol 170 (12) ◽  
pp. 1455-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. van Ballegooijen ◽  
R. van Houdt ◽  
S. M. Bruisten ◽  
H. J. Boot ◽  
R. A. Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Machine-learning based patient classification using Hepatitis B virus full-length genome quasispecies from Asian and European cohorts

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Mueller-Breckenridge ◽  
Fernando Garcia-Alcalde ◽  
Steffen Wildum ◽  
Saskia L. Smits ◽  
Robert A. de Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Viral Mutant ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Full Length Genome

AbstractChronic infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for the development of advanced liver disease including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The relative contribution of virological factors to disease progression has not been fully defined and tools aiding the deconvolution of complex patient virus profiles is an unmet clinical need. Variable viral mutant signatures develop within individual patients due to the low-fidelity replication of the viral polymerase creating ‘quasispecies’ populations. Here we present the first comprehensive survey of the diversity of HBV quasispecies through ultra-deep sequencing of the complete HBV genome across two distinct European and Asian patient populations. Seroconversion to the HBV e antigen (HBeAg) represents a critical clinical waymark in infected individuals. Using a machine learning approach, a model was developed to determine the viral variants that accurately classify HBeAg status. Serial surveys of patient quasispecies populations and advanced analytics will facilitate clinical decision support for chronic HBV infection and direct therapeutic strategies through improved patient stratification.

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