scholarly journals The Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) Genome is Differentially Targeted in TSWV-Infected Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) with or without Sw-5 Gene

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Cristian Olaya ◽  
Stephen J. Fletcher ◽  
Ying Zhai ◽  
Jonathan Peters ◽  
Paolo Margaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Genomic Rnas ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mock Control ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tospoviruses cause significant losses to a wide range of agronomic and horticultural crops worldwide. The type member, Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV), causes systemic infection in susceptible tomato cultivars, whereas its infection is localized in cultivars carrying the Sw-5 resistance gene. The response to TSWV infection in tomato cultivars with or without Sw-5 was determined at the virus small RNA level in the locally infected leaf. Predicted reads were aligned to TSWV reference sequences. The TSWV genome was found to be differentially processed among each of the three-viral genomic RNAs—Large (L), Medium (M) and Small (S)—in the Sw-5(+) compared to Sw-5(−) genotypes. In the Sw-5(+) cultivar, the L RNA had the highest number of viral small-interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs), whereas in the Sw-5(−) cultivar the number was higher in the S RNA. Among the three-viral genomic RNAs, the distribution of hotspots showed a higher number of reads per million reads of vsiRNAs of 21 and 22 nt class at the 5′ and 3′ ends of the L and the S RNAs, with less coverage in the M RNA. In the Sw-5(−) cultivar, the nature of the 5′ nucleotide-end in the siRNAs varied significantly; reads with 5′-adenine-end were most abundant in the mock control, whereas cytosine and uracil were more abundant in the infected plants. No such differences were seen in case of the resistant genotype. Findings provided insights into the response of tomato cultivars to TSWV infection.

scholarly journals Current Status and Potential of RNA Interference for the Management of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Thrips Vectors

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Alexander Nilon ◽  
Karl Robinson ◽  
Hanu R. Pappu ◽  
Neena Mitter
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is the type member of the genus Orthotospovirus in the family Tospoviridae and order Bunyavirales. TSWV, transmitted by several species of thrips, causes significant disease losses to agronomic and horticultural crops worldwide, impacting both the yield and quality of the produce. Management strategies include growing virus-resistant cultivars, cultural practices, and managing thrips vectors through pesticide application. However, numerous studies have reported that TSWV isolates can overcome host-plant resistance, while thrips are developing resistance to pesticides that were once effective. RNA interference (RNAi) offers a means of host defence by using double-stranded (ds) RNA to initiate gene silencing against invading viruses. However, adoption of this approach requires production and use of transgenic plants and thus limits the practical application of RNAi against TSWV and other viruses. To fully utilize the potential of RNAi for virus management at the field level, new and novel approaches are needed. In this review, we summarize RNAi and highlight the potential of topical or exogenous application of RNAi triggers for managing TSWV and thrips vectors.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF LYCOPERSICON GERMPLASM COLLECTION FOR RESISTANCE TO TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1077b-1077
Author(s):  
S.J. Scott ◽  
M. Stevens ◽  
R.C. Gergerich
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Lycopersicon Species ◽  
Wilt Virus

Seedlings of eight accessions of L. hirsutum and susceptible L. esculentum `VF Pink' controls were spray inoculated twice in the greenhouse with tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) Arkansas 85-9. Plants lacking symptoms were reinoculated, then evaluated for TSWV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Controls were consistently infected; sixty noninfected L. hirsutum were propagated by cuttings and inoculated with TSWV isolates T2 (lettuce), G-87 (gloxinia), 87-34 (tomato) and a mixture of the four isolates. All selections became infected in at least one test, but systemic infection was often delayed. Additional wild Lycopersicon species and numbers of accessions evaluated for resistance to TSWV include L. cheesmanii (9), L. chmielewskii (17), L. hirsutum (24), L. hirsutum f. glabratum (17), L. parviflorum (4) and L. pennellii (44). No new sources of strong resistance have been identified yet. Evaluation of additional species and accessions is continuing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tomato spotted wilt virus-GT Tolerance in Tomato Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-216
Author(s):  
Gug-Seoun Choi ◽  
Seung-Kook Choi ◽  
In-Sook Cho ◽  
Sun-Jung Kwon ◽  
Ju-Yeon Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Wilt Virus

scholarly journals Importance and epidemiology of tomato spotted wilt virus

Biljni lekar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-157
Author(s):  
Marina Ćuk ◽  
Zagorka Savić ◽  
Renata Iličić ◽  
Ferenc Bagi
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is the most economically important plant viruses from genus Tospovirus. It has a polyphagous character and infects a wide range of very significant agricultural crops. Vectors of viruses are insects from order Thysanoptera (Thripidae) and till know eight species are known to transmit tospoviruses of which Frankliniella occidentalis is considered to be economically most important vector. TSWV is transmitted by thrips in a persistent and propagative manner. Relationship between vector and TSWV is very specific because vectors acquire the virus in the larval stages, while imago plays a key role in transmission of the virus. TSWV causes wide range of symptoms depending on host plant, external environmental conditions and type of viruses. In addition to affecting the fruit quality of cultivated crops, greatly reduces the yield to agricultural producers. Tomato is the most commonly attacked by TSWV, and after the symptoms manifested on leaves in the form of a bronze color, the virus was name. Protection of agricultural crops is very challenging and difficult due to wide distribution of viruse vectors, their hidden way of life as well as wide range of TSWV hosts.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus from Paprika in Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyun Kim ◽  
Young-Soo Kim ◽  
Soo-Won Jang ◽  
Yong-Ho Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Viral Glycoprotein ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Genomic Rnas ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

We isolated tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV-KP) from a diseased Capsicum annuum var. grossum with malformed leaves and necrotic spotted fruits. TSWV-KP produced necrosis or necrotic ring spots on inoculated leaves along with mosaic, vein necrosis, or death on the upper leaves on Datura stramonium, Nicotiana clevarandii, N. rustica, and N. tabacum cvs. Ultrastructurally, typical tospovirus particles were observed in the cytoplasm. The virion contained three molecules of genomic RNAs of approximately 9.0, 4.9, and 3.0 kb. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of the purified virion migrated as a single band with ~29 kDa molecular weight in SDS-PAGE. Complete nucleotide sequences of the large (L) genome segments of TSWV-KP were determined. Defective forms of L-RNA containing core polymerase regions were observed. L-RNA (8,917 nucleotides) contained a single open reading frame (ORF) in the viral complementary (vc) strand and encoded a 330-kDa protein. The L-protein had high identity in the “core-polymerase domain” with the corresponding regions of other tospoviruses. The complete nucleotide sequence of TSWV-KP medium-sized (M) RNA comprised 4,768 nucleotides and indicated a typical tospovirus with two genes in ambisense arrangement. The vRNA OFR coded for a potential cell-to-cell movement (NSm) 34.8-kDa protein; and the vcRNA ORF, for the viral glycoprotein (G1/G2) 128.0-kDa precursor. Multiple sequence alignment of the M-RNA showed highest homologies to TSWV-BR01. Amino acid sequences of TSWV-KP NSm and G1/G2 exhibited 48.7–85.3% and 34.9–96.2% identity, respectively. TSWV-KP small (S) RNA comprised 2,991 nucleotides with ambisense coding strategy. The sequence contained two ORFs—one in the viral sense, encoding a protein with predicted 52.4-kDa Mr; and another in the viral complementary sense, encoding the viral nucleocapsid protein of 28.8-kDa Mr. Amino acid sequences of TSWV-KP of S-RNA NSs and N exhibited 35.9–87.9% and 19.9–98.4% identity, respectively.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Western Flower Thrips Population in a Greenhouse Tomato Crop

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca Dafina COVACI ◽  
Ion OLTEAN ◽  
Paul Andrei RAICA ◽  
Viorel MITRE
Keyword(s):  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Yellow Traps ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Thrips Population

Frankliniella occidentalis  (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an important pest in vegetable and ornamental greenhouse crops due their direct damage by feeding and indirect damage by vectoring Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV). Also, is very well known that they have an extremely high resistance to a wide range of insecticide. Thus by monitoring thrips population appropriate control plans can be established. Western flower thrips was reported in all greenhouses from Cluj County (Romania). In order to assess thrips population dynamic and color preference we conducted a research in a plastic greenhouse of 8000 m 2 placed outside of Cluj-Napoca where the main cultivated crops were tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum ) and the main thrips pest found was western flower thirps. During the sample period pest population was monitored weekly using two methods: by counting thrips trapped on five different colored sticky cards (blue, yellow, white, red and transparent) and by a technique based on leaves tapping. Data analysis showed no correlation between traps and tapping method. Blue and yellow traps had the highest attractiveness compared with all the others colors and between those, blue proved to be the most effective.

scholarly journals Biological and Molecular Analyses of the Acibenzolar-S-Methyl-Induced Systemic Acquired Resistance in Flue-Cured Tobacco Against Tomato spotted wilt virus

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mandal ◽  
S. Mandal ◽  
A. S. Csinos ◽  
N. Martinez ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Challenge Inoculation ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
High Level ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an economically important virus of flue-cured tobacco. Activation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) by acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) in flue-cured tobacco was studied under greenhouse conditions by challenge inoculation with a severe isolate of TSWV. ASM restricted virus replication and movement, and as a result reduced systemic infection. Activation of resistance was observed within 2 days after treatment with ASM and a high level of resistance was observed at 5 days onward. Expression of the pathogenesis-related (PR) protein gene, PR-3, and different classes of PR proteins such as PR-1, PR-3, and PR-5 were detected at 2 days post-ASM treatment which inversely correlated with the reduction in the number of local lesions caused by TSWV. Tobacco plants treated with increased quantities of ASM (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 g a.i./7,000 plants) showed increased levels of SAR as indicated by the reduction of both local and systemic infections by TSWV. The highest level of resistance was at 4 g a.i., but this rate of ASM also caused phytotoxicity resulting in temporary foliar spotting and stunting of plants. An inverse correlation between the TSWV reduction and phytotoxicity was observed with the increase of ASM concentration. ASM at the rate of 1 to 2 g a.i./7,000 plants activated a high level of resistance and minimized the phytotoxicity. Use of gibberellic acid in combination with ASM reduced the stunting caused by ASM. Present findings together with previous field experiments demonstrate that ASM is a potential option for management of TSWV in flue-cured tobacco.

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