scholarly journals HIV and Human Coronavirus Coinfections: A Historical Perspective

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Palesa Makoti ◽  
Burtram C. Fielding
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

Seven human coronaviruses (hCoVs) are known to infect humans. The most recent one, SARS-CoV-2, was isolated and identified in January 2020 from a patient presenting with severe respiratory illness in Wuhan, China. Even though viral coinfections have the potential to influence the resultant disease pattern in the host, very few studies have looked at the disease outcomes in patients infected with both HIV and hCoVs. Groups are now reporting that even though HIV-positive patients can be infected with hCoVs, the likelihood of developing severe CoV-related diseases in these patients is often similar to what is seen in the general population. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge of coinfections reported for HIV and hCoVs. Moreover, based on the available data, this review aimed to theorize why HIV-positive patients do not frequently develop severe CoV-related diseases.

scholarly journals HIV and Human Coronavirus Coinfections: A Historical Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palesa Makoti ◽  
Burtram C. Fielding
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

Seven human coronaviruses (hCoVs) are known to infect humans. The most recent one, SARS-CoV-2, was isolated and identified in January 2020 from a patient presenting with severe respiratory illness in Wuhan, China. Even though viral coinfections have the potential to influence the resultant disease pattern in the host, very few studies have looked at the disease outcomes in patients infected with both HIV and hCoVs. Groups are now reporting that even though HIV-positive patients can be infected with hCoVs, the likelihood of developing severe CoV-related diseases in these patients is often similar to what is seen in the general population. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge of coinfections reported for HIV and hCoVs. Moreover, based on the available data, this review aimed to theorize why HIV-positive patients do not frequently develop severe CoV-related diseases.

scholarly journals HIV and Human Coronavirus Coinfections: A Historical Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palesa Makoti ◽  
Burtram C. Fielding
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

Seven human coronaviruses are known to infect humans. The most recent one, SARS-CoV-2, was isolated and identified in January 2020 from a patient presenting with severe respiratory illness in Wuhan, China. Even though viral coinfections have the potential to influence the resultant disease pattern in the host, very few studies have looked at the disease outcomes in patients infected with both HIV and hCoVs. Groups are now reporting that even though HIV-positive patients can be infected with hCoVs, the likelihood of developing severe CoV-related diseases in these patients is often similar to what is seen in the general population. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge of coinfections reported for the HIV and hCoVs. Also, based on the available data, this review aimed to theorize why HIV-positive patients do not frequently develop severe CoV-related diseases.

scholarly journals MERS-CoV: Understanding the Latest Human Coronavirus Threat

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aasiyah Chafekar ◽  
Burtram C. Fielding
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
East Europe ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness ◽  
Diagnosis Of Infection

Human coronaviruses cause both upper and lower respiratory tract infections in humans. In 2012 a sixth human coronavirus (hCoV) was isolated from a patient presenting with severe respiratory illness. The 60-year-old man died as a result of renal and respiratory failure after admission to a hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The aetiological agent was eventually identified as a coronavirus and designated Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV has now been reported in more than 27 countries across the Middle East, Europe, North Africa and Asia. As of July 2017, 2040 MERS-CoV laboratory confirmed cases, resulting in 712 deaths, were reported globally, with a majority of these cases from the Arabian Peninsula. This review summarises the current understanding of MERS-CoV, with special reference to the (i) genome structure, (ii) clinical features, (iii) diagnosis of infection and (iv) treatment and vaccine development.

scholarly journals MERS-CoV: Understanding the Latest Human Coronavirus Threat

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aasiyah Chafekar ◽  
Burtram C. Fielding
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
East Europe ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness ◽  
Diagnosis Of Infection

Human coronaviruses cause both upper and lower respiratory tract infections in humans. In 2012 a sixth human coronavirus (hCoV) was isolated from a patient presenting with severe respiratory illness. The 60-year-old man died as a result of renal and respiratory failure after admission to a hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The aetiological agent was eventually identified as a coronavirus and designated Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV has now been reported in more than 27 countries across the Middle East, Europe, North Africa and Asia. As of July 2017, 2040 MERS-CoV laboratory confirmed cases, resulting in 712 deaths, were reported globally, with a majority of these cases from the Arabian Peninsula. This review summarises the current understanding of MERS-CoV, with special reference to the (i) genome structure, (ii) clinical features, (iii) diagnosis of infection and (iv) treatment and vaccine development.

Clinical Management Updates for Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 5449-5456
Author(s):  
Yogesh Chand Yadav ◽  
Ramakant Yadav ◽  
Sushant Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
The World ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness ◽  
Droplet Transmission

The SARS-CoV-2 virus was first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and was known to produce acute severe respiratory illness in humans which rapidly spread almost throughout the world within a few months. This human coronavirus has seven strains and they commonly produce illness in the nervous system, respiratory system and hepato- intestinal systems. This present review is an attempt to illustrate recent reports pertaining to the management of SARS-CoV-2. Further, it also highlights the diagnosis and clinical management of COVID-19. Various search engines like Scopus, Pubmed and WHO databases were accessed and literature on current advances about COVID-19 including structural features, replication, possible pathogenic, symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis, methods of prevention and possible therapeutic agents used for treatment of patients was reviewed. Current studies indicate that COVID-19 is very infectious with droplet transmission potential. The key modalities to prevent the infection is by keeping social distancing, respiratory/hand hygiene, detection of infection and subsequent quarantine of the infected persons. Presently, either no vaccine for prevention or specific treatments available, however, COVID-19 patients may be managed by using some repositioned drugs and symptomatic treatment.

Vulnerabilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-145
Author(s):  
Mark Davis ◽  
Davina Lohm
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

Chapter 6 explores the narratives of people who, due to vulnerabilities associated with their health status, including severe respiratory illness and HIV-positive serostatus, and because of coincident pregnancy, had to respond to the pandemic to protect themselves and unborn children. This chapter, therefore, addresses the importance of biography for understanding the social impact of pandemics. It shows how pandemics as historical events intersect with biographies and, from the point of view of individuals, cannot be meaningfully separated. This temporal intersectionality of pandemics and lived experiences is particularly well illuminated by a narrative approach. A feature of this chapter, too, is a focus on invisibility, that is, the ways in which being at risk was invisible to the “healthy” majority.

scholarly journals Severe Respiratory Illness Outbreak Associated with Human Coronavirus NL63 in a Long-Term Care Facility

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1964-1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Hand ◽  
Erica Billig Rose ◽  
Andrea Salinas ◽  
Xiaoyan Lu ◽  
Senthilkumar K. Sakthivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Term Care Facility ◽  
Long Term Care Facility ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

COVID-19

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Soraia El Baz ◽  
My Abdelmonaim El Hidan ◽  
Nadia Zouhairi ◽  
Abdelmohcine Aimrane ◽  
Redouane Chatoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

Since December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak with unknown etiology occurred in Wuhan, China. Later, the pathogen was identified as novel human coronavirus and named as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was named corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and caused a pandemic. As of 23 June 2020, the global COVID-19 pandemic has battered the world. More than 1.5 million people have died with over 80 million people confirmed infected. This outbreak is spreading in approximately 216 countries and regions as of 22 July 2020. Comparing the three human coronavirus, SARS and MERS have significantly higher case fatality rates than COVID-19, but COVID-19 is more infectious and spreads more easily among people. Therefore, in this chapter, the authors summarize the most fatal pandemic in recorded history. Also, they collected all information about the current knowledge about COVID-19 pandemic including similarity and differences with other human coronaviruses.

The Seasonal End of Human Coronavirus Hospital Admissions with Implications for SARS-CoV-2 (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan T Evangelista
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Enveloped Virus ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Contact Transmission ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

UNSTRUCTURED The seasonality of influenza viruses and endemic human coronaviruses was tracked over an 8-year period to assess key epidemiologic reduction points in disease incidence for an urban area in the northeast United States. Patients admitted to a pediatric hospital with worsening respiratory symptoms were tested using a multiplex PCR assay from nasopharyngeal swabs. The additive seasonal effects of outdoor temperatures and indoor relative humidity (RH) were evaluated. The 8-year average peak activity of human coronaviruses occurred in the first week of January, when droplet and contact transmission was enabled by the low indoor RH of 20-30%. Previous studies have shown that an increase in RH to 50% has been associated with markedly reduced viability and transmission of influenza virus and animal coronaviruses. As disease incidence was reduced by 50% in early March, to 75% in early April, to greater than 99% at the end of April, a relationship was observed from colder temperatures in January with a low indoor RH to a gradual increase in outdoor temperatures in April with an indoor RH of 45-50%. As a lipid-bound, enveloped virus with similar size characteristics to endemic human coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 should be subject to the same dynamics of reduced viability and transmission with increased humidity. In addition to the major role of social distancing, the transition from lower to higher indoor RH with increasing outdoor temperatures could have an additive effect on the decrease in SARS-CoV-2 cases in May. Over the 8-year period of this study, human coronavirus activity was either zero or >99% reduction in the months of June through September, and the implication would be that SARS-Cov-2 may follow a similar pattern. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.15.20103416

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document