Comparative Study of Optical Markers to Assess Bait System Efficiency Concerning Vaccine Release in the Oral Cavity of Dogs

Oral vaccination of dogs against rabies has the potential to achieve mass coverage and thus deplete the virus of its most important reservoir host species. There is, however, no established non-invasive method to evaluate vaccine release in the oral cavity, following bait ingestion. In this study, two pre-selected marker methods in conjunction with their acceptance were assessed in local Thai dogs. Shelter dogs (n = 47) were offered one of four randomized bait formulations; bait type A-, containing Green S (E142) in a fructose solution; type B-, containing Patent Blue V (E131) in a fructose solution; type C-, containing the medium used for delivery of oral rabies vaccine in baits commercially produced; and type D-, containing denatonium benzoate, which was to serve as the negative control, due to its perceived bitterness. Patent Blue V was found to possess overall stronger dyeing capacities compared to Green S. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the acceptance or bait handling of Patent Blue V baits compared to those containing the oral rabies vaccine medium alone, suggesting the potential use of this dye as a surrogate for rabies vaccine when testing newly developed bait formats.

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Oral vaccination of foxes and raccoon dogs against rabies with the 3rd generation oral rabies virus vaccine, SPBN GASGAS, in Finland

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica ◽

10.1186/s13028-021-00605-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ad Vos ◽

Tiina Nokireki ◽

Marja Isomursu ◽

Tuija Gadd ◽

Ferenc Kovacs

Keyword(s):

Rabies Virus ◽

Virus Vaccine ◽

Field Performance ◽

Rabies Vaccine ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Generation Vaccine ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Oral Rabies Vaccine ◽

Raccoon Dogs

Abstract Background To prevent re-emergence of wildlife-mediated rabies in Finland, oral rabies vaccine baits are distributed every year during autumn in southern Finland in a vaccination zone bordering Russia. Recently, Finland introduced a 3rd generation oral rabies virus vaccine bait. By analysing bait uptake and seroconversion in red foxes and raccoon dogs, the field efficacy of this new vaccine strain, SPBN GASGAS, was compared with the originally used highly efficacious 1st generation vaccine SAD B19. Results Overall, 74.6% and 53.9% of the animals submitted from the vaccination area after the campaigns (2017–2019) tested positive for the presence of the bait marker and anti-rabiesvirus antibodies, respectively. No significant difference was observed between years, species and vaccine. Conclusions The field performance of the highly attenuated 3rd generation oral rabies vaccine, SPBN GASGAS, in terms of bait uptake and seroconversion was similar to the 1st generation vaccine, SAD B19, and therefore offers a suitable alternative.

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Efficacy of a Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri extract to control bacterial biofilms and dental calculus in dogs

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2017000800013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (8) ◽

pp. 859-865 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samira L. Abdalla ◽

Sônia S. Costa ◽

Marco Antônio Gioso ◽

Livia M. Casanova ◽

Marcela A.S. Coutinho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Dental Calculus ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Dental Biofilm ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT: An aqueous leaf extract of the medicinal species Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri (here denominated KGB) has been found to be effective as an antimicrobial agent against canine oral cavity bacteria in in vitro assays. In this study, we investigated the effect of topic oral administration of KGB on the development of dental biofilm in Beagle dogs. The experiments were performed with an experimental group (0.2% of KGB extract), a negative control group (0.9% of saline solution) and a positive control group (0.12% chlorhexidine). Each treatment was sprayed into the oral cavity daily for 28 days. Thirty Beagle dogs with similar characteristics and kept under the same management and diet were used. The measurement of dental plaque and calculus was performed using a computerized analytical method. The phenolic profile of KGB extract was analyzed by HPLC-DAD. KGB extract at 0.2% showed efficacy in controlling the formation of plaque compared to the negative control group, and dental calculus in relation to the negative and positive control groups. A significant difference was observed among these three groups. Peaks attributed to flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified in the HPLC-DAD chromatogram of the KGB extract. The presence of these substances could be related to the activity observed. Our findings demonstrate that treatment with KGB is effective in controlling periodontal disease in dogs, providing new insights into the medicinal properties of this plant. KGB extract has a potential use as a supplemental agent in pharmaceutical products for the prevention of periodontal disease.

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Oral Rabies Vaccination of Small Indian Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) with ONRAB via Ultralite Baits

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13050734 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 734

Author(s):

Are R. Berentsen ◽

Israel L. Leinbach ◽

Mel J. Rivera-Rodriguez ◽

Amy T. Gilbert

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Oral Vaccine ◽

Human Adenovirus ◽

Rabies Vaccine ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Oral Rabies Vaccine ◽

Rabies Glycoprotein ◽

Fluorescent Focus ◽

Rabies Vaccination

The Ontario Rabies Vaccine (ONRAB) is a human adenovirus rabies glycoprotein recombinant oral vaccine immunogenic for small Indian mongooses when delivered by direct instillation into the oral cavity. We offered Ultralite baits containing ~1.8 mL 109.5 TCID50 ONRAB oral rabies vaccine to 18 mongooses, while 6 mongooses were offered identical baits in placebo form. We collected sera from individual mongooses at days 0, 14 and 30 post vaccination (pv) and quantified rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) using the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test, with titers greater than or equal to 0.1 IU/mL considered positive. All study subjects were RVNA negative prior to bait offering. Bait consumption was variable: all 6 sham and 13 of 18 (72%) treatment animals consumed/punctured the baits offered. By day 30 pv, RVNA were detected among 11 of 13 (84.6%) of treatment mongooses that consumed/punctured baits, whereas sham-vaccinated mongooses remained RVNA negative throughout the study. We conclude ONRAB is immunogenic for mongooses by Ultralite bait delivery, although the bait design may need further optimization.

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Mauli banana stem extract application increased expression of NF-κB in traumatic ulcer healing

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i2.p67-70 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Maharani Laillyza Apriasari ◽

Retno Pudji Rahayu ◽

Diah Savitri Ernawati

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Ulcer Healing ◽

Secondary Infection ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Accelerate Wound Healing ◽

Protein Receptor ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Stem Extract

Background: A traumatic ulcer represents one of the most prevalent disorders affecting the oral cavity. Ulceration of the oral cavity potentially results in secondary infection requiring topical medication which involves the use of antiseptics to accelerate wound healing. Previous research has shown that Mauli banana (Musa acuminata) stem extract (MBSE) contains bioactive material from terpenoid saponin present in Ambon bananas. The terpenoid saponin in Ambon banana stems will be captured by a G protein receptor in the macrophages, subsequently producing a protein kinase C that activates nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB). This increases both the activity and number of macrophages. Purpose: To analyze the expression of NF-κB (p50) in traumatic ulcers as an effect of MBSE. Methods: A true experimental design with a post-test only control group. It involved 40 male Rattus norvegicus strain rats as traumatic ulcer models divided into four groups: the negative control group administered gel, and the other treatment groups administered 25%, 37.5% and 50% ethanol extracts of MBSE gel respectively. A biopsy was performed on days 3 and 5. The preparation was produced to analyze the expression of NF-κB (p50) by means of immunohistochemistry examination. Results: There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in NF-κB (p50) expression (p=0.005) following MBSE gel administration of 37.5% concentration on day 3 compared to day 5. Conclusion: It can be concluded that MBSE gel topical application can increase expression of NF-κB (p50) in traumatic ulcer healing.

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Blue Skin Rash And Swelling Of The Orbits After Injection Of Patent Blue V Dye During Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy - A Case Report

Polish Journal of Surgery ◽

10.2478/v10035-010-0085-y ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 82 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Łukasz Strzępek ◽

Wojciech Wysocki ◽

Piotr Skotnicki ◽

Jerzy Mituś

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Sentinel Lymph Node ◽

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ◽

Skin Rash ◽

Lymph Node Biopsy ◽

Patent Blue ◽

Node Biopsy ◽

Patent Blue V

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Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran ◽

10.26891/jik.v9i2.2015.71-77 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽

Fauzia Andrini ◽

Yulis Hamidy

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Fungicidal Activity ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

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A Tumbling Magnetic Microrobot System for Biomedical Applications

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi11090861 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 861

Author(s):

Elizabeth E. Niedert ◽

Chenghao Bi ◽

Georges Adam ◽

Elly Lambert ◽

Luis Solorio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultrasound Imaging ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Imaging System ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Negative Control ◽

Circular Path ◽

Rotational Axis ◽

Significant Difference

A microrobot system comprising an untethered tumbling magnetic microrobot, a two-degree-of-freedom rotating permanent magnet, and an ultrasound imaging system has been developed for in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications. The microrobot tumbles end-over-end in a net forward motion due to applied magnetic torque from the rotating magnet. By turning the rotational axis of the magnet, two-dimensional directional control is possible and the microrobot was steered along various trajectories, including a circular path and P-shaped path. The microrobot is capable of moving over the unstructured terrain within a murine colon in in vitro, in situ, and in vivo conditions, as well as a porcine colon in ex vivo conditions. High-frequency ultrasound imaging allows for real-time determination of the microrobot’s position while it is optically occluded by animal tissue. When coated with a fluorescein payload, the microrobot was shown to release the majority of the payload over a 1-h time period in phosphate-buffered saline. Cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that the microrobot’s constituent materials, SU-8 and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), did not show a statistically significant difference in toxicity to murine fibroblasts from the negative control, even when the materials were doped with magnetic neodymium microparticles. The microrobot system’s capabilities make it promising for targeted drug delivery and other in vivo biomedical applications.

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Hyperhomocysteinaemia in Behçet's Disease

Biochemistry Research International ◽

10.1155/2010/361387 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amira Hamzaoui ◽

Olfa Harzallah ◽

Rim Klii ◽

Silvia Mahjoub

Keyword(s):

Behçet’S Disease ◽

Behcet’S Disease ◽

Homocysteine Level ◽

Behçet's Disease ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Behcet's Disease ◽

Homocysteine Concentration ◽

Significant Difference

Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate if hyperhomocysteinaemia is a contributive risk factor for the pathogenesis and the activity of Behçet's disease (BD).Design and Methods. Fifty four patients fullfiling the criteria of the International Study Group for BD were enrolled. Fifty healthy volunteers matched for age and sex with the BD group were included as a negative control group. Patients, with any condition that might affect plasma homocysteine concentration, were excluded.Results. Mean serum homocysteine concentration was significantly higher in patients with BD than in the healthy controls (), in patients with active disease (), and in masculine gender (). There was no significant difference between homocysteine level and clinical involvement.Conclusions. We demonstrated that plasma total homocysteine level (tHcy) is increased in BD and correlated with disease activity. No association was found between homocysteine levels and clinical involvement.

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